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国外地质勘探技术 1982年第2期 23-26页

作者： robert b.rice 李颖

本文是受SEG研究委员会的委托,由各个领域的专家共同完成的,因为我们这个学科面太广,要使各个分支的论述都包括最近的进展是太复杂了。在这六年中,勘探地球物理的进展仍是

关键词：声波测井测井方法金属矿勘探铀矿床磁激发极化法

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975-1980年勘探地球物理学的发展

石油地球物理勘探 1981年第6期 75-90页

作者： robert b.rice Samuel J.Allen O.James Gant Jr.robert N.Hodgson Don E.Larson J.Pat Lindsey James R.Patch Thomas R.LaFehr G.R.Pickett Wm.A.Schneider J.Edward White James C.roberts 范维尚

近六年未,勘探地球物理学一如既往地在迅速发展。我们进入了一个崭新的时代,勘探方法日趋完善,各种技术的精度有了很大的提高。在重磁勘探方面,出现了新的惯性导航系统。在地表条件极端困难的地区,利用该系统可以指导直升飞机进行作业,... 详细信息

近六年未,勘探地球物理学一如既往地在迅速发展。我们进入了一个崭新的时代,勘探方法日趋完善,各种技术的精度有了很大的提高。在重磁勘探方面,出现了新的惯性导航系统。在地表条件极端困难的地区,利用该系统可以指导直升飞机进行作业,它可以采集到极精确的地面重力数据。为了利用直升飞机得到高质量的航空重力勘探数据,技术界已经付出了相当大的努力。在处理和解释电位场资料方面,也有了重大进展。从地震资料中最大限度地提取精确的地下信息早已成为人们向往的目标。为了达到这个目标,人们采用了高采样率的准确的二维、三维陆上勘探技术。结果大大提高了陆上地震勘探的精度。为了更精确地接近一个点震源、点检波器系统,单位记录的检波器道数急剧地增加了(达1024道)。现在功率极大的纵波可控震源,其扫描频率范围在5赫到200赫以上。在海洋勘探中,海洋电缆和船上的仪器也有新的突破,记录和处理道数达到96道至480道。在海洋勘探检波器组合和震源组合方面也有了改进。地震资料处理中最大的发展是影像法和反演法,这些不仅是波动方程理论的基础,而且是一种全新的处理方法。波动方程法已被公认为是一种用于迭前偏移、迭后偏移、压制多次波、基准面和位移静校正、速度分析和地震反演的有效工具。反演技术提供了详细的声阻抗或速度近似值,从而得到了广泛的应用。子波处理提高了我们对地层分辨力。一维、二维和三维模型技术更加成熟了,在资料采集和处理的过程中,起了出色的指导作用。在资料的直接解释中,也有很好的效果,并且提出了很多基本释解概念。有些模型系统现在可以处理垂向和横向的速度变化、非弹性衰减、弯曲反射面、穿透边界、时变波形、虚反射、多次波以及组合效应等问题。在资料处理、模拟和解释中,不能低估各种地震资料显示方式及彩色显示的作用,这些技术近期都有所改进。地层解释技术包括下列三个方面: 1.宏观地层,其中分析了区域的和盆地的沉积形状,从而在大范围内划定了地质沉积环境; 2.对地层作定性分析,其中定性分析了特定的岩性单元以及它们的特性,判定出岩性、孔隙度、构造方位、范围和形态; 3.对地层作定量分析,其中在特定的地层上描绘出各种异常,从而确定出完整的孔隙度,气—液界面和可能存在的孔隙填充物。实际上,就是把从直接找气技术演化而来的成果应用到各种不同的地质区域。为了获得更多的有关地层、孔隙度和油气饱和度等方面的信息,人们在直接产生并记录横波方面作了巨大的努力。在进行横波勘探中使用的震源有可控震源、水平冲击震源和炸药震源。自从使用计算机以后,测井技术有了新的发展。现在已经有了井场磁带记录设备和小型计算机,解释算法比较简单。在资料处理中心,已有比较成熟的计算机处理解释方法。1978年,研制成功了一种名叫“小井径”(slimhole)的井口重力仪,且已投入使用。它的精度为20微伽。石油工业对各种电法技术的兴趣在增加,尤其是大地电磁法(MT)和有源电磁(EM)测深技术。改进以后的大地电磁法(MT)仍主要用于普查。由于某些公司使用电磁“反射”测深法在直接找油找气方面获了成功,因而这种方法受到人们的普遍关注。用直接找油找气法有可能找到浅层的有工业价值的储集层,但是对于任何深层目标,其成功的关键在于能否测得油气向上运移后产生的二次效应。

关键词：勘探地球物理学家大地电磁法电法勘探点震源检波器组合组合检波子波处理地震资料处理横波勘探地震勘探勘探技术可控震源波动方程双曲型方程地震波衰减地震衰减共深度点共反射点电磁测深法横波速度剪切波波速

Functional mechanism study of the allelochemical myrigalone A identifies a group of ultrapotent inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis in plants

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Plant Communications 2024年第6期5卷 246-262页

作者： George Heslop-Harrison Kazumi Nakabayashi Ana Espinosa-Ruiz Francesca robertson robert baines Christopher R.L.Thompson Katrin Hermann David Alabadí Gerhard Leubner-Metzger Robin S.b.Williams Centre for biomedical Sciences Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEgham TW200EXUK Centre for Plant Molecular Sciences Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEgham TW200EXUK Instituto de biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas(CSIC-UPV) 46022 ValenciaSpain Centre for Life’s Origins and Evolution Department of GeneticsEvolution and EnvironmentUniversity College LondonLondonUK Syngenta Crop Protection AGSteinSwitzerland

Allelochemicals represent a class of natural products released by plants as root,leaf,and fruit exudates that interfere with the growth and survival of neighboring *** how allelochemicals function to regulate plant responses may provide valuable new approaches to better control plant *** such allelochemical,Myrigalone A(MyA)produced by Myrica gale,inhibits seed germination and seedling growth through an unknown ***,we investigate MyA using the tractable modelDictyostelium discoideum and reveal that its activity depends on the conserved homolog of the plant ethylenesynthesis protein 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase(ACO).Furthermore,in silico modeling predicts the direct binding of MyA to ACO within the catalytic *** ***,ablation of ACO mimics the MyA-dependent developmental delay,which is partially restored by exogenous ethylene,and MyA reduces ethylene *** Arabidopsis thaliana,MyA treatment delays seed germination,and this effect is rescued by exogenous *** also mimics the effect of established ACO inhibitors on root and hypocotyl extension,blocks ethylenedependent root hair production,and reduces ethylene ***,in silico binding analyses identify a rangeof highlypotentethylene inhibitorsthatblock ethylene-dependent responseand reduce ethyleneproduction in ***,we demonstrate a molecular mechanism by which the allelochemical MyA reduces ethylene biosynthesis and identify a range of ultrapotent inhibitors of ethylene-regulated responses.

关键词： 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid ACC ACC oxidase ACO allelochemicals ethylene synthesis inhibitors structure-activity relationship

Subpopulations of regulatory T cells are associated with subclinical atherosclerotic plaques,levels of LDL,and cardiorespiratory fitness in the elderly

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 288-296,I0002页

作者： Tim böttrich Pascal bauer Vincent Gröβer Magdalena Huber Hartmann Raifer Torsten Frech Svenja Nolte Theresa Dombrowski Franz Cemic Natascha Sommer robert Ringseis Klaus Eder Karsten Krüger Christopher Weyh Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy Institute of Sports ScienceJustus-Liebig-UniversityGiessen 35394Germany Department of Cardiology and Angiology Justus-Liebig-University GiessenGiessen 35392Germany Institute for Systems Immunology Center for Tumor und ImmunologyMarburg 35032Germany TH Mittelhessen Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of Applied Sciences GiessenGiessen 35390Germany Department of Internal Medicine Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center(UGMLC)Member of the German Center for Lung Research(DZL)Giessen 35394Germany Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute(CPI) Justus-Liebig UniversityGiessen 35394Germany Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology Justus-Liebig-University GiessenGiessen 35390Germany

background:Atherosclerosis forms the pathological basis for the development of cardiovascular *** pathological processes initially develop without clinically relevant symptoms,the identification of early markers in the subclinical stage plays an important role for initiating early *** is evidence that regulatory T cells(Tregs)are involved in the development of ***,the present study aimed to identify and investigate associations with Tregs and their subsets in a cohort of healthy elderly individuals with and without subclinical atherosclerotic plaques(SAP).In addition,various lifestyle and risk factors,such as cardiorespiratory fitness,were investigated as associated ***:A cross-sectional study was performed in 79 participants(male:n=50;age=63.6±3.7 years;body mass index=24.9±3.1 kg/m2;mean±SD)who had no previous diagnosis of chronic disease and were not taking *** of the carotids to identify SAP,cardiovascular function measurement for vascular assessment and a cardiorespiratory fitness test to determine peak oxygen uptake were ***,tests were conducted to assess blood lipids and determine glucose *** of Tregs and their subtypes(resting(rTregs)and effector/memory(mTregs))was performed by 8-chanel flow *** were categorized according to atherosclerotic plaque *** and logistic regression models were used to analyze associations between ***:SAP was detected in a total of 29 *** participants with plaque were older(64.8±3.6 years vs.62.9±3.5 years)and had higher peripheral systolic blood pressure(133.8±14.7 mmHg vs.125.8±10.9 mmHg).The participants with SAP were characterized by a lower percentage of rTregs(28.8%±10.7%vs.34.6%±10.7%)and a higher percentage of mTregs(40.3%±14.7%vs.30.0%±11.9%).Multiple logistic regression identified age(odds ratio(OR)=1.20(95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.011.42))and

关键词： Cardiorespiratory fitness Elderly Regulatory T cells Subclinical atherosclerosis

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The Sigma-1 Receptor as a Pharmacologic Chaperone: Energetics

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Journal of biosciences and Medicines 2024年第8期12卷 347-356页

作者： robert b. Raffa Joseph V. Pergolizzi Jr. School of Pharmacy (Emeritus) Temple University Philadelphia PA USA College of Pharmacy (Adjunct) University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA NEMA Research Naples FL USA

Initially thought to be an opioid receptor subtype, Sigma-1 receptors (S1R) are now known to be unique proteins that have chaperone-like properties. As such, they play critical roles in cellular signaling, homeostasis, and cell survival. These roles offer significant insight for understanding homeostasis of normal physiologic processes, and the pathophysiologic consequences of disruption of normal function. because of the broad nature of chaperone action, S1R agonists and antagonists represent potential drug discovery goals for the pharmacotherapeutic treatment of a variety of disorders that result from dysfunctional proteins. The present study summarizes the S1R as a pharmacologic chaperone crucial for protein folding and cellular homeostasis. Through literature review and thermodynamic analysis, it explores how S1R stabilizes target proteins, influencing neuroprotection and potential drug therapies. The binding of chaperones to target proteins is thermodynamically favorable, offering insights into treating diseases linked to protein misfolding.

关键词： Chaperone Sigma-1 Receptor Energetics Thermodynamics Isothermal Titration Microcalorimetry

Advances in discovery of novel investigational agents for functional cure of chronic hepatitis b:A comprehensive review of phases II and III therapeutic agents

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第3期16卷 331-343页

作者： robert Lam Joseph K Lim Section of Digestive Diseases Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06520United States

Chronic hepatitis b virus(HbV)infection affects over 295 million people globally and an estimated 1.6 million people in the United *** is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to cirrhosis,liver failure,and liver *** therapy with oral nucleos(t)ide analogues is associated with high rates of virologic suppression,which in turn has been associated with a decreased risk of liver ***,current antiviral regimens are limited by concerns with adverse effects,adherence,resistance,long-term treatment,and ongoing risk for liver *** investigational agents are currently in development and are targeted at achieving functional cure with sustained hepatitis b surface antigen(HbsAg)loss and suppression of HbV *** we review key evidence from phases II and III trials defining the efficacy and safety profiles for key investigational agents for functional cure of chronic hepatitis b,including core/capsid inhibitors,entry inhibitors,RNA interference(siRNA/ASO),HbsAg inhibitors,Toll-like receptor agonists,checkpoint inhibitors,and therapeutic vaccines.

关键词： Hepatitis b virus Treatment Clinical trials RNA interference Entry inhibitors Core inhibitors Immunomodulators

Coated boron layers by boronization and a real-time boron coating using an impurity powder dropper in the LHD

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第8期26卷 25-31页

作者： Naoko ASHIKAWA robert LUNSFORD Federico NESPOLI Erik GILSON Yaowei YU Jiansheng HU Shinichiro KADO National Institute for Fusion Science Toki 509-5292Japan Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory Princeton NJ 08540United States of America Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031People’s Republic of China Institute of Advanced Energy Kyoto UniversityKyoto 611-0011Japan

In the Large Helical Device(LHD),diborane(b2H6)is used as a standard boron source for boronization,which is assisted by helium glow *** 2019,a new Impurity Powder Dropper(IPD)system was installed and is under evaluation as a real-time wall conditioning *** the LHD,which is a large-sized heliotron device,an additional helium(He)glow discharge cleaning(GDC)after boronization was operated for a reduction in hydrogen recycling from the coated boron *** operational time of 3 h was determined by spectroscopic data during glow discharges.A flat hydrogen profile is obtained on the top surface of the coated boron on the specimen exposed to *** results suggest a reduction in hydrogen at the top surface by *** oxygen in coated boron was obtained by boronization,and the coated boron,which has boron-oxide,on the first wall by b-IPD was also *** the difference in coating areas between b2H6 boronization and b-IPD operation,it would be most effective to use the IPD and b2H6 boronization coating together for optimized wall conditioning.

关键词： boron layer oxygen impurity hydrogen recycling impurity powder dropper LHD EAST

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Effects of soil metal(loid)s pollution on microbial activities and environmental risks in an abandoned chemical smelting site

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 60-70页

作者： Hao Li Jun Yao Jianli Liu Ning Min Geoffrey Sunahara Dongyang Men robert Duran School of Water Resources and Environment Research Center of Environmental Science and EngineeringChina University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University21111Lakeshore DriveSte-Anne-de-BellevueQuebecH9X 3V9Canada Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie MELODY groupUniversitéde Pau et des Pays de l’AdourE2S-UPPAIPREM UMR CNRS 5254BP 115564013 Pau CedexFrance

Abandoned chemical smelting sites containing toxic substances can seriously threaten and pose a risk to the surrounding ecological *** samples were collected from different depths(0 to 13 m)and analyzed for metal(loid)s content and fractionation,as well as microbial *** potential ecological risk indices for the different soil depths(ordered from high to low)were:1 m(D-1)>surface(S-0)>5 m(D-5)>13 m(D-13)>9 m(D-9),ranging between 1840.65-13,089.62,and representing extremely high environmental risks,of which Cd(and probably not arsenic)contributed to the highest environmental risk.A modified combined pollution risk index(MCR)combining total content and mobile proportion of metal(loid)s,and relative toxicities,was used to evaluate the degree of contamination and potential environmental *** the near-surface samples(S-0 and D-1 layers),the MCR considered that As,Cd,Pb,Sb,and Zn achieved high and alarming degrees of contamination,whereas Fe,Mn,and Ti were negligible or low to moderate pollution *** microcalorimetry and enzymatic activity measurements of contaminated soil samples were used to assess the microbial metabolic activity *** analysis elucidated the relationship between metal(loid)s exchangeable fraction or content and microbial activity characteristics(pbial metabolic activity in the D-1 layer was low presumably due to heavy metal *** activity indicators and microcalorimetric growth rate(k)measurements were considered sensitive indicators to reflect the soil microbial activities in abandoned chemical smelting sites.

关键词： Abandoned chemical smelting sites Microbial activities Modified combined pollution risk Microcalorimetry Enzymatic activities

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brassinosteroid biosynthesis and signaling:Conserved and diversified functions of core genes across multiple plant species

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Plant Communications 2024年第9期5卷 72-100页

作者： brian Zebosi Erik Vollbrecht Norman b.best Department of Genetics Development and Cell BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA Interdepartmental Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA USDA-ARS Plant Genetics Research UnitColumbiaMO 65201USA

brassinosteroids(bRs)are important regulators that control myriad aspects of plant growth and development,including biotic and abiotic stress responses,such that modulating bR homeostasis and signaling presents abundant opportunities for plant breeding and crop *** and other proteins involved in the biosynthesis and signaling of bRs are well understood from molecular genetics and phenotypic analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana;however,knowledge of the molecular functions of these genes in other plant species,especially cereal crop plants,is *** this manuscript,we comprehensively review functional studies of bR genes in Arabidopsis,maize,rice,Setaria,brachypodium,and soybean to identify conserved and diversified functions across plant species and to highlight cases for which additional research is in *** performed phylogenetic analysis of gene families involved in the biosynthesis and signaling of bRs and re-analyzed publicly available transcriptomic *** trees coupled with expression data provide a valuable guide to supplement future research on bRs in these important crop species,enabling researchers to identify gene-editing targets for bR-related functional studies.

关键词： brassinosteroids maize rice Setaria soybean brachypodium Arabidopsis

Deeprice: A deep learning and deep feature based classification of rice leaf disease subtypes

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2024年第1期11卷 34-49页

作者： P.Isaac Ritharson Kumudha Raimond X.Anitha Mary Jennifer Eunice robert Andrew J Department of CSE Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences CoimbatoreTamilnaduIndia Department of Robotics Engineering Karunya Institute of Technology and SciencesCoimbatoreIndia Department of Mechatronics Engineering Manipal Institute of TechnologyManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka 576104India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Manipal Institute of TechnologyManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka 576104India

rice stands as a crucial staple food globally,with its enduring sustainability hinging on the prompt detection of rice leaf ***,efficiently detecting diseases when they have already occurred holds paramount importance for solving the cost of manual visual identification and chemical *** the recent past,the identification of leaf pathologies in crops predominantly relies on manual methods using specialized equipment,which proves to be time-consuming and *** study offers a remedy by harnessing Deep Learning(DL)and transfer learning techniques to accurately identify and classify rice leaf diseases.A comprehensive dataset comprising 5932 self-generated images of rice leaves was assembled along with the benchmark datasets,categorized into 9 classes irrespective of the extent of disease spread across the *** classes encompass diverse states including healthy leaves,mild and severe blight,mild and severe tungro,mild and severe blast,as well as mild and severe brown *** meticulous manual labelling and dataset segmentation,which was validated by horticulture experts,data augmentation strategies were implemented to amplify the number of *** datasets were subjected to evaluation using the proposed tailored Convolutional Neural Networks *** performance are scrutinized in conjunction with alternative transfer learning approaches like VGG16,Xception,ResNet50,DenseNet121,Inception ResnetV2,and Inception *** effectiveness of the proposed custom VGG16 model was gauged by its capacity to generalize to unseen images,yielding an exceptional accuracy of 99.94%,surpassing the benchmarks set by existing state-of-the-art ***,the layer wise feature extraction is also visualized as the interpretable AI.

关键词： rice leaf disease Deep learning CNN Crop yield Agriculture Food security