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Impact of bolus volume on small intestinal intra-luminal impedance in healthy subjects

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第17期16卷 2151-2157页

作者： Nam Q Nguyen Laura k Bryant Carly M Burgstad robert J Fraser Daniel Sifrim Richard H Holloway Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide 5000Australia Investigation and Procedures Unit Repatriation General HospitalDaw Park 5041Australia Department of Medicine Centre for Gastroen-terological ResearchK.U.LeuvenLeuven 3000Belgium

AIM: To assess the impact of bolus volume on the characteristics of small intestinal (SI) impedance ***: Concurrent SI manometry-impedance measurements were performed on 12 healthy volunteers to assess the pattern of proximal jejunal fluid bolus movement over a 14 *** subject was given 34 boluses of normal saline (volume from 1 to 30 mL) via the feeding tube placed immediately above the proximal margin of the studied segment.A bolus-induced impedance event occurred if there was > 12% impedance drop from baseline,over ≥ 3 consecutive segments within 10 s of bolus injection.A minor or major imped-ance event was defined as a duration of impedance drop < 60 s or ≥ 60 s,***: The minimum volume required for a detectable SI impedance event was 2 mL.A direct linear relationship between the SI bolus volume and the occurrence of impedance events was noted until SI bolus volume reached 10 mL,a volume which always produced an impedance flow *** was a moderate correlation between the bolus volume and the duration of impedance drop (r = 0.63,P < 0.0001) and the number of propagated channels (r = 0.50,P < 0.0001).High volume boluses were associated with more major impedance events (≥ 10 mL boluses = 63%,3 mL boluses = 17%,and < 3 mL boluses = 0%,P = 0.02).CONCLUSION: Bolus volume had an impact on the type and length of propagation of SI impedance events and a threshold of 2 mL is required to produce an event.

关键词： Bolus volume Health Impedance Luminal flow Small intestine

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RFID-Based WSN Communication System with ESPAR Array Antenna for SIR Improvement

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2023年

作者： Md.Moklesur RAHMAN Heung-Gyoon ryu Department of Electronic Engineering Chungbuk National University

To improve the received signal strength(RSS) and signal-to-interference and noise ratio(SINR),electronically steerable parasitic array radiator(ESPAR)array antennas are designed for the ultra-high frequency(UHF) radio frequency identification(RFID) communication systems that can provide very low power consumption in sensor tag edge. Higher gain, appropriate radiation pattern, and most power-efficient array antennas are completely essential in these sensor network *** a result, it is suggested that ESPAR array antennas be used on the RFID reader side to reduce interference, multipath fading, and extend communication range. Additionally, a system architecture for UHF-RFID wireless sensor network(WSN) communication is put forth in order to prevent interference from antenna nulling technology, in which ESPAR array antennas could be capable of generating nulls. The array antennas within the system demonstrate high efficiency, appropriate radiation patterns, and gains(9.63 dBi, 10.2 dBi, and 12 dBi) from one array to other arrays. The nulling technique using the proposed array antennas also provides better SINR values(31.63 dB, 33.2 dB, and 36 dB). Finally, the nulling space matrix is studied in relation to the channel modeling. Therefore, the suggested approach might offer better communications in sensor networking systems.

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糖尿病相关的足病的定义和标准(2023年更新版)

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感染、炎症、修复 2024年第1期25卷 80-85页

作者： Jaap J.van Netten Sicco A.Bus Jan Apelqvist Pam Chen Vivienne Chuter robert Fitridge Frances Game robert J.Hinchliffe Peter A.Lazzarini Joseph Mills Matilde Monteiro-Soares Edgar J.G.Peters katherine M.Raspovic Eric Senneville Dane k.Wukich Nicolaas C.Schaper on behalf of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot 张会峰(译) 许樟荣(审校) Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Amsterdam UMCLocation University of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands Amsterdam Movement Sciences Program RehabilitationAmsterdamthe Netherlands Department of Endocrinology University Hospital of MalmöMalmöSweden Joondalup Health Campus Ramsay HealthcareSydneyAustralia Faculty of Health University of TasmaniaHobartAustralia School of Health Sciences Western Sydney UniversitySydneyAustralia Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia Vascular and Endovascular Service Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideAustralia Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation TrustDerbyUK Department of Vascular Surgery University of BristolBristolUK School of Public Health and Social Work Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia Allied Health Research Collaborative The Prince Charles HospitalBrisbaneAustralia Michael E.DeBakey Department of Surgery Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular TherapyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA Portuguese Red Cross School of Health–Lisbon LisbonPortugal MEDCIDS–Departamento de Medicina da Comunidade Informação e Decisão em Saúde Faculty of Medicine of the University of PortoPortoPortugal RISE@CINTESIS Faculty of Medicine Oporto UniversityPortoPortugal Department of Internal Medicine Amsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamSection of Infectious DiseasesAmsterdamthe Netherlands Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA Department of Infectious Diseases Gustave Dron Hospital Tourcoing Univ-lilleTourcoingFrance Div.Endocrinology MUMC+CARIM and CAPHRI InstituteMaastrichtThe Netherlands 不详河南省人民医院内分泌科河南郑州450003 战略支援部队特色医学中心北京100101

糖尿病相关的足病管理涉及多个学科,通用的专业词汇对于各学科间准确沟通交流至关重要。国际糖尿病足工作组(IWGDF)对相关文献进行了系统综述,构成了制定IWGDF指南的基础,并且明确了糖尿病相关的足病的一系列定义、标准及名词解释。本... 详细信息

糖尿病相关的足病管理涉及多个学科,通用的专业词汇对于各学科间准确沟通交流至关重要。国际糖尿病足工作组(IWGDF)对相关文献进行了系统综述,构成了制定IWGDF指南的基础,并且明确了糖尿病相关的足病的一系列定义、标准及名词解释。本文介绍2023年IWGDF对这些定义和标准的更新,并建议在临床实践和研究中一致使用,以利于世界各地不同学科人员针对糖尿病相关的足病的专业性交流。

关键词：定义糖尿病糖尿病相关的足病国际糖尿病足工作组

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How Could Evidence-Based Reform Advance Education?

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ECNU Review of Education 2021年第1期4卷 7-24页

作者： robert E.Slavin Alan C.k.Cheung Tengteng Zhuang Johns Hopkins University The Chinese University of Hong kong Beijing Normal University

Purpose:This article presents a definition and rationale for evidence-based reform in education,and a discussion of the current state of evidence-based research,focusing on China,the U.S.,and the ***/Approach/Methods:The article contrasts the state of educational research in the U.S.,the Uk,and China,world leaders in evidence-based ***:The article suggests ways in which Chinese,U.S.,Uk,and other scholars might improve the worldwide quality of evidence-based reform in *** indicator of this partnership is an agreement among the Chinese University of Hong kong,Nanjing Normal University,and Johns Hopkins University to work together on Chinese and English versions of the website Best Evidence in Brief and a collaboration between Johns Hopkins and the ECNU Review of Education at East China Normal ***/Value:This article is the first to compare developments in evidence-based reform in education in China with parallel developments in the *** Uk Building understanding of current evidence-based policies should help all countries learn how evidence can play a greater role in education policy and benefit many students.

关键词： Evidence-based reform in education experiments international comparisons meta-analysis research designs

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Organic acid blends improve intestinal integrity,modulate short-chain fatty acids profiles and alter microbiota of broilers under necrotic enteritis challenge

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第1期8卷 82-90页

作者： Alip kumar Mehdi Toghyani Sarbast k.kheravii Lane Pineda Yanming Han robert A.Swick Shu-Biao Wu School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia Trouw Nutrition R&D Stationsstraat 773811MHAmersfoortthe Netherlands School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of SydneyNSW2006Australia

Controlling enteric diseases of broilers is *** many additives,organic acids(OA)and their blends are gaining attention to combat diseases in the post-antibiotic *** current study evaluated the potentials of short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)and medium-chain fatty acids(MCFA)blends and/or phenolic compounds on intestinal integrity,intestinal pH,caecal microbiota,and caecal SCFA profiles of broilers under necrotic enteritis(NE)*** additives used were:(A)a blend of SCFA,MCFA,and a phenolic compound(SMP),(B)a blend of free and buffered SCFA with MCFA(SMF),and(C)a blend of free and buffered SCFA with a high concentration of MCFA(SHM).A total of 1,404 male parental chicks of Ross 308 broilers were randomly allocated to 78 floor pens on hatching day with 6 treatments replicated 13 times with 18 birds per *** treatments were:UCC,unchallenged control;CHC,challenged control;BAC,challenged group plus zinc bacitracin;SMP,challenged group plus additive SMP;SMF,challenged group plus additive SMF;SHM,challenged group plus additive *** were challenged with field-strain Eimeria *** d 9 and Clostridium perfringens on d *** challenged with NE increased fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran(FITC-d)concentration in serum,reduced acetate and butyrate concentrations,and increased Bacteroides and *** load in the caeca(P0.05).The SMP group had a higher load compared to BAC(P<0.05).These findings

关键词： Organic acid blend Alternative to antibiotics Intestinal health Necrotic enteritis Broiler chicken

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Potential of blended organic acids to improve performance and health of broilers infected with necrotic enteritis

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第2期7卷 440-449页

作者： Alip kumar Mehdi Toghyani Sarbast k.kheravii Lane Pineda Yanming Han robert A.Swick Shu-Biao Wu School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia Trouw Nutrition R&D Stationsstraat 773811 MHAmersfoortthe Netherlands School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of SydneyNSW 2006Australia

Organic acids(OA)and their blends have been shown to positively affect performance and health of ***,the data in the literature are not *** study examined the potential of blended short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)with medium-chain fatty acids(MCFA)as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters(AGP)on performance,health and welfare of broilers infected with necrotic enteritis(NE).The additives used were:A)a blend of SCFA,MCFA,and a phenolic compound(SMP);B)a blend of free and buffered SCFA with MCFA(SMF);C)a blend of free and buffered SCFA with a high concentration of MCFA(SHM).A total of 1,404 Ross 308 one-day-old male parental chicks were randomly distributed into 78-floor pens with 13 replicates of 18 birds *** treatments were the following:T1,unchal-lenged control(UCC);T2,challenged control(CHC);T3,challenged group plus zinc bacitracin(BAC);T4,challenged group plus additive SMP;T5,challenged group plus additive SMF;T6,challenged group plus additive *** birds were gavaged with Eimeria *** d 9 and Clostridium perfringens EHE-NE18 on d *** NE challenge and cumulatively,BWG,FCR,and nutrient digestibility of birds were compromised(P0.05).All the 3 additive groups had lower FCR compared to CHC(P=0.001;d 0 to 35),and exhibited similar jejunal lesions(d 16)compared to BAC and apparent ileal protein di-gestibility(d 21)compared to UCC and BAC groups(P>0.05).Birds in additive SHM group had a higher concentration of serum IgA compared to all groups(P=0.001)except additive SMF(P>0.05;d 21).All the additive groups had lower footpad dermatitis and hock burns compared to CHC(P<0.05).The findings suggest the potential of blended OA as alternatives to BAC to protect broilers from NE indicated by improved FCR,immunity,digestibility,and bird wel

关键词： Performance Blended organic acid Alternative to antibiotics Necrotic enteritis Broiler chicken

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Decade of optimizing therapy with direct-acting antiviral drugs and the changing profile of patients with chronic hepatitis C

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第6期29卷 949-966页

作者： MichałBrzdęk Dorota Zarębska-Michaluk Federica Invernizzi Marta Cilla krystyna Dobrowolska robert Flisiak Collegium Medicum Jan Kochanowski UniversityKielce 25-516Poland of Infectious Diseases Jan Kochanowski UniversityKielce 25-516Poland Center for Liver Disease Division of Internal Medicine and HepatologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilan 20-132Italy Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Medical University of BiałystokBiałystok 15-540Poland

Chronic infection with the hepatitis C virus(HCV)remains a major health problem affecting approximately 58 million people *** the era of interferon(IFN)-based regimens,patients particularly infected with genotypes 1 and 4 achieved a low response *** implementation of direct-acting antivirals changed the landscape of HCV *** increase in effectiveness provided us with the hope of eliminating HCV as a significant public threat by *** the following years,there was an observed improvement in the treatment of HCV with genotype-specific regimens and highly effective pangenotypic options that are the most recent stage of the *** optimization of therapy was accompanied by changes in the patient profile from the beginning of the IFN-free era over *** treated with antiviral therapies were younger in successive periods,less burdened with comorbidities and comedications,more frequently treatment-naïve and had less advanced liver *** the IFN-free era,specific subpopulations such as patients with HCV/HIV coinfection,those with a history of previous treatment,patients with renal impairment or with cirrhosis had lower chances for a virologic ***,these populations should no longer be considered difficult to *** the high effectiveness of HCV therapy,there is a small percentage of patients with treatment ***,they can be effectively retreated with pangenotypic rescue regimens.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Interferon Direct-acting antiviral Epidemiology Chronic hepatitis C

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Confined Crystallization Behaviors of Cross-linked Comb-like Copolymers

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2016年第8期34卷 1039-1046页

作者： Xian-jing Gong 施德安 Ying-kui Yang Tao Jiang Yan-feng Meng robert k.Y.Li 蒋世春 School of Materials Science andEngineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Ministry of Education key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Origanic Chemical MaterialsFaculty of Materials Science and EngineeringHubei UniversityWuhan 430062China School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong UniversityYantai 264025China Department of Physics and Materials Science City University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Cross-linked PEG-based copolymers were obtained via synthesis of polyethylene glycol （PEG） and methoxy polyethylene glycol （MPEG） by the bridging and/or cross-linking agent of 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate （TDI） and/or hexamethylene-l,6-diisocyanate homopolymer （HDI trimer）. The effects on the crystallization behaviors of the samples could be found with the changes in molecular weight of MC-PEG and molecular weight of SC-PEG in certain cross-linked density. It is revealed that the samples appear not to crystallize when the molecular weight of MC-PEG and SC-PEG are 1000 g/mol or less than that. The samples begin to crystallize when the molecular weight of either MC-PEG or SC-PEG reaches 2000 g/mol. The crystallinity of crystallized MC-PEG decreases with the increasing molecular weight of uncrystallized SC-PEG and the crystallinity of crystallized SC-PEG declines with the rise of molecular weight of uncrystallizable MC-PEG. The chains of SC-PEG （M_n = 2000 g/mol） can fold and align easilier than those of MC-PEG （M_n = 2000 g/mol）, when the content of PEG is the same.

关键词： PEG-based copolymers Cross-linking Comb-like Confined crystallization behavior.

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Changes in spatial variations of sap flow in korean pine trees due to environmental factors and their effects on estimates of stand transpiration

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第6期13卷 1024-1034页

作者： Minkyu MOON Taek-yu kIM Juhan PARk Sungsik CHO Daun ryu Sanguk SUH Hyun Seok kIM National Center for Agro Meteorology 1 Gwanak-roGwanak-guSeou1151-744Republic of Korea National Institute of Environmental Research 42 Hwangyong-roSeo-guIncheon 404-780Republic of Korea Department of Forest Sciences Seoul National UniversityI Gwanak-roGwanak-guSeou1151-921Republic of Korea National Academy of Agricultural Science 166 Nongsaengmyeong-roWanju-gun 565-851Republic of Korea Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences 1 Gwanak-roGwanak-guSeou1151-921Republic of Korea

It is difficult to scale up measurements of the sap flux density(J_S) for the characterization of tree or stand transpiration(E) due to spatial variations in J_S and their temporal *** assess spatial variations in the sap flux density of korean pine(Pinus koraiensis) and their effects on E estimates,we measured the J_S using Granier-type *** trees,the J_S decreased exponentially with the radial depth,and the J_S of the east aspects were higher than those of the west *** trees,there was a positive relationship between J_S and the tree diameter at breast height,and this positive relationship became stronger as the transpiration demand *** spatial variations that caused large errors in E estimates(i.e.,up to 110.8 % when radial variation was ignored) had varied systematically with environmental factors systematic characteristics in relation to environmental ***,changes in these variations did not generate substantial errors in the E *** our study periods,the differences in the daily E(E_D) calculated by ignoring radial,azimuthal and tree-to-tree variations and the measured E_D were fairly constant,especially when the daily vapor pressure deficit(D_D)was higher than 0.6 k *** results imply that the effect of spatial variations changes on sap flow can be a minor source of error compared with spatial variations(radial,azimuthal and tree-to-tree variations) when considering E estimates.

关键词： Sap flow Environmental factors Pinuskoraiensis Scale-up Stand transpiration

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Glyoxylate Reductase Isoform 1 is Localized in the Cytosol and Not Peroxisomes in Plant Cells

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第3期54卷 152-168页

作者： Steven L. k. Ching Satinder k. Gidda Amanda Rochon Owen R. van Cauwenberghe Barry J. Shelp robert T. Mullen Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada Department of Plant Agriculture University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada

Glyoxylate reductase （GLYR） is a key enzyme in plant metabolism which catalyzes the detoxification of both photorespiratory glyoxylate and succinic semialdehdye, an intermediate of the γ-aminobutyrate （GABA） pathway. Two isoforms of GLYR exist in plants, GLYR1 and GLYR2, and while GLYR2 is known to be localized in plastids, GLYR1 has been reported to be localized in either peroxisomes or the cytosol. Here, we reappraised the intracellular localization of GLYR1 in Arabidopsis thaliana L. Heynh （ecotype Lansberg erecta） using both transiently-transformed suspension cells and stably-transformed plants, in combination with fluorescence microscopy. The results indicate that GLYR1 is localized exclusively to the cytosol regardless of the species, tissue and/or cell type, or exposure of plants to environmental stresses that would increase flux through the GABA pathway. Moreover, the C-terminal tripeptide sequence of GLYR1, -SRE, despite its resemblance to a type 1 peroxisomal targeting signal, is not sufficient for targeting to peroxisomes. Collectively, these results define the cytosol as the intracellular location of GLYR1 and provide not only important insight to the metabolic roles of GLYR1 and the compartmentation of the GABA and photorespiratory pathways in plant cells, but also serve as a useful reference for future studies of proteins proposed to be localized to peroxisomes and/or the cytosol.

关键词： Arabidopsis GABA GLYR1 cytosol photobleaching peroxisome PTS stress tobacco BY-2.

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