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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2004年第4期20卷 411-416页

作者： LAI X. MA C. K. j. robert M. C. Miller Institute of Particle Science and Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering University of LeedsInstitute of Particle Science and Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering University of LeedsInstitute of Particle Science and Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering University of LeedsCCLRC Daresbury Laboratory Daresbury Leeds LS2 9JT UKLeeds LS2 9JT UKLeeds LS2 9JT UKWarrington Cheshire WA4 4AD UK

A novel crystal characterization instrument has been built up in which a combination of X-ray multiple diffraction and X-ray topography is applied to enabling the cross-correlation between micro-crystallographic symmetry and its spatial dependence in relation to lattice defects. This facility is used to examine, in a self-consistent manner, growth sector-dependant changes to both the crystallographic structure and the lattice defects associated with the action of habit-modifying additives in a number of representative crystal growth systems. In addition, the new instrument can be used to probe micro-crystallographic aspects(such as distortion to crystal symmetry) and relate these in a spatially resolved manner to the crystal defect structure in crystals doped with known habit modifiers.

关键词： X-ray diffraction X-ray multiple diffraction X-ray topography Habit modification Crystal growth Growth defects

Development of a multivariate empirical model for predicting weak rock mass modulus

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International journal of Mining Science and Technology 2015年第4期25卷 545-552页

作者： Kallu Raj R. Keffeler Evan R. Watters robert j. Agharazi Alireza Department of Mining Engineering University of Nevada RESPEC Consulting and Services University of Nevada Itasca Houston Inc.

Estimating weak rock mass modulus has historically proven difficult although this mechanical property is an important input to many types of geotechnical analyses. An empirical database of weak rock mass modulus with associated detailed geotechnical parameters was assembled from plate loading tests per- formed at underground mines in Nevada, the Bakhtiary Dam project, and Portugues Dam project. The database was used to assess the accuracy of published single-variate models and to develop a multivari- ate model for predicting in-situ weak rock mass modulus when limited geoteehnical data are available. Only two of the published models were adequate for predicting modulus of weak rock masses over lim- ited ranges of alteration intensities, and none of the models provided good estimates of modulus over a range of geotechnical properties. In light of this shortcoming, a multivariate model was developed from the weak rock mass modulus dataset, and the new model is exponential in form and has the following independent variables：（1） average block size or joint spacing, （2） field estimated rock strength, （3） dis- continuity roughness, and （4） discontinuity infilling hardness. The multivariate model provided better estimates of modulus for both hard-blocky rock masses and intensely-altered rock masses.

关键词： In-situ modulus Weak rock mass Preliminary design Elastic deformation

Surface-bound myeloperoxidase is a ligand for recognition of late apoptotic neutrophils by human lung surfactant proteins A and D

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Protein & Cell 2010年第6期1卷 563-572页

作者： Anne jäkel Howard Clark Kenneth B.M.Reid robert B.Sim Department of Pharmacology University of OxfordMansfield RoadOxford OX13QTUK University of Southampton School of MedicineDivision of Infection Inflammation&ImmunitySouthampton General HospitalSouthampton SO166YDUK MRC Immunochemistry Unit Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxford OX13QUUK

Surfactant proteins A(SP-A)and D(SP-D),both members of the collectin family,play a well established role in apoptotic cell recognition and *** in vitro data show that SP-A and SP-D interact with apoptotic neutrophils in a distinct ***-A and SP-D bind in a Ca^(2+)-dependent manner to viable and early apoptotic neutrophils whereas the much greater interaction with late apoptotic neutrophils is Ca^(2+)-*** surface molecules on the apoptotic target cells responsible for these interactions had not been identified and this study was done to find candidate target ***(MPO),a specific intracellular defense molecule of neutrophils that becomes exposed on the outside of the cell upon apoptosis,was identified by affinity purification,mass-spectrometry and western blotting as a novel binding molecule for SP-A and *** confirm its role in recognition,it was shown that purified immobilised MPO binds SP-A and SP-D,and that MPO is surface-exposed on late apoptotic ***-A and SP-D inhibit binding of an anti-MPO monoclonal Ab to late apoptotic *** microscopy confirmed that anti-MPO mAb and SP-A/SP-D colocalise on late apoptotic *** was identified as a further potential ligand for SP-A,and neutrophil defensin as a target for both proteins.

关键词： SP-A SP-D myeloperoxidase neutrophils flow cytometry mass spectrometry

Proximal gastric motility in critically ill patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第2期13卷 270-275页

作者： Nam Q Nguyen robert j Fraser Laura K Bryant Marianne Chapman Richard H Holloway Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and General Medicine Royal Adelaide Hospital South Australia Investigation and Procedures Unit Repatriation General Hospital South Australia Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Royal Adelaide Hospital South Australia

AIM： To investigate the proximal gastric motor response to duodenal nutrients in critically ill patients with longstanding type 2 diabetes ***： Proximal gastric motility was assessed （using a barostat） in 10 critically ill patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （59±3 years） during two 60-min duodenal infusions of Ensure （1 and 2 kcal/min）, in random order, separated by 2h fasting. Data were compared with 15 non-diabetic critically ill patients （48 ± 5 years） and 10 healthy volunteers （28 ±3 years）. RESULTS： Baseline proximal gastric volumes were similar between the three groups. In diabetic patients, proximal gastric relaxation during I kcal/min nutrient infusion was similar to non-diabetic patients and healthy controls. In contrast, relaxation during 2 kcal/ min infusion was initially reduced in diabetic patients （P 〈 0.05） but increased to a level similar to healthy humans, unlike non-diabetic patients where relaxation was impaired throughout the infusion. Duodenal nutrient stimulation reduced the fundic wave frequency in a dose-dependent fashion in both the critically ill diabetic patients and healthy subjects, but not in critically ill patients without diabetes. Fundic wave frequency in diabetic patients and healthy subjects was greater than in non-diabetic ***： In patients with diabetes mellitus, proximal gastric motility is less disturbed than nondiabetic patients during critical illness, suggesting that these patients may not be at greater risk of delayed gastric emptying.

关键词： Proximal gastric function Diabetes mellitus type 2 Critical illness Enteral nutrition

Hypocrellin A-based photodynamic action induces apoptosis in A549 cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial signaling pathway

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2019年第2期9卷 279-293页

作者： Shanshan Qi Lingyuan Guo Shuzhen Yan robert j.Lee Shuqin Yu Shuanglin Chen jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal University College of Pharmacy the Ohio State University Cancer Pharmacology Crown Bioscience Inc. jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal University

Over recent decades, many studies have reported that hypocrellin A(HA) can eliminate cancer cells with proper irradiation in several cancer cell lines. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying its anticancer effect has not been fully defined. HA-mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were evaluated after photodynamic therapy(PDT). A temporal quantitative proteomics approach by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation(iTRAQ) 2 D liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric(LC–MS/MS) was introduced to help clarify molecular cytotoxic mechanisms and identify candidate targets of HA-induced apoptotic cell death. Specific caspaseinhibitors were used to further elucidate the molecular pathway underlying apoptosis in PDT-treated A549 cells. Finally, down-stream apoptosis-related protein was evaluated. Apoptosis induced by HA was associated with cell shrinkage, externalization of cell membrane phosphatidylserine, DNA fragmentation,and mitochondrial disruption, which were preceded by increased intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) generations. Further studies showed that PDT treatment with 0.08 mmol/L HA resulted in mitochondrial disruption, pronounced release of cytochrome c, and activation of caspase-3,-9, ***, HA may be a possible therapeutic agent directed toward mitochondria and a promising photodynamic anticancer candidate for further evaluation.

关键词： Hypocrellin A Photodynamic therapy Reactive oxygen species Proteomic LC–MS/MS iTRAQ

Plant Carbonic Anhydrases： Structures, Locations, Evolution, and Physiological Roles

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Molecular Plant 2017年第1期10卷 30-46页

作者： robert j. DiMario Harmony Clayton Ananya Mukhedee Martha Ludwig james V. Moroney Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA School of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Western Australia Perth WA 6009 Australia

Carbonic anhydrases （CAs） are zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the interconversion of CO2 and HCO3- and are ubiquitous in nature. Higher plants contain three evolutionarily distinct CA families, αCAs, 13CAs, and γCAs, where each family is represented by multiple isoforms in all species. Alternative splicing of CA transcripts appears common; consequently, the number of functional CA isoforms in a species may exceed the number of genes. CAs are expressed in numerous plant tissues and in different cellular locations. The most prevalent CAs are those in the chloroplast, cytosol, and mitochondria. This diversity in location is paralleled in the many physiological and biochemical roles that CAs play in plants. In this review, the number and types of CAs in C3, C4, and crassulacean acid metabolism （CAM） plants are considered, and the roles of the α and yCAs are briefly discussed. The remainder of the review focuses on plant βCAs and includes the identification of homologs between species using phylogenetic approaches, a consideration of the inter- and intracellular localization of the proteins, along with the evidence for alternative splice forms. Current understanding of βCA tissue-specific expression patterns and what controls them are reviewed, and the physiological roles for which βCAs have been implicated are presented.

关键词： carbonic anhydrase regulation alternative splicing physiological role

Parameterized Algorithmics for Computational Social Choice:Nine Research Challenges

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2014年第4期19卷 358-373页

作者： robert Bredereck jiehua Chen Piotr Faliszewski jiong Guo Rolf Niedermeier Gerhard j.Woeginger the Institut fr Softwaretechnik und Theoretische Informatik TU Berlin Berlin Germany AGH University of Science and Technology Kraków Poland the Cluster of Excellence Multimodal Computing and Interaction Universitt des SaarlandesSaarbrcken Germany the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science TU Eindhoven Eindhoven The Netherlands

Computational Social Choice is an interdisciplinary research area involving Economics, Political Science,and Social Science on the one side, and Mathematics and Computer Science（including Artificial Intelligence and Multiagent Systems） on the other side. Typical computational problems studied in this field include the vulnerability of voting procedures against attacks, or preference aggregation in multi-agent systems. Parameterized Algorithmics is a subfield of Theoretical Computer Science seeking to exploit meaningful problem-specific parameters in order to identify tractable special cases of in general computationally hard problems. In this paper, we propose nine of our favorite research challenges concerning the parameterized complexity of problems appearing in this context. This work is dedicated to jianer Chen, one of the strongest problem solvers in the history of parameterized algorithmics,on the occasion of his 60 th birthday.

关键词： NP-hard problems parameterized complexity fixed-parameter tractability kernelization exact algorithms voting decision making cake cutting

Mechanisms underlying feed intolerance in the critically ill: Implications for treatment

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第29期13卷 3909-3917页

作者： Adam Deane Marianne j Chapman robert j Fraser Laura K Bryant Carly Burgstad Nam Q Nguyen Intensive Care Unit Royal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide South Australia Discipline of Medicine University of Adelaide and Investigation and Procedures Unit Repatriation General Hospital Adelaide South Australia Investigation and Procedures Unit Repatriation General Hospital Adelaide South Australia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Royal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide South Australia

Malnutrition is associated with poor outcomes in critically ill patients. Although nutritional support is yet to be proven to improve mortality in non-malnourished critically ill patients, early enteral feeding is considered best practice. However, enteral feeding is often limited by delayed gastric emptying. The best method to clinically identify delayed gastric emptying and feed intolerance is unclear. Gastric residual volume （GRV） measured at the bedside is widely used as a surrogate marker for gastric emptying, but the value of GRV measurement has recently been disputed. While the mechanisms underlying delayed gastric emptying require further investigation, recent research has given a better appreciation of the pathophysiology. A number of pharmacological strategies are available to improve the success of feeding. Recent data suggest a combination of intravenous metoclopramide and en/thromycin to be the most successful treatment, but novel drug therapies should be explored. Simpler methods to access the duodenum and more distal small bowel for feed delivery are also under investigation. This review summarises current understanding of the factors responsible for, and mechanisms underlying feed intolerance in critical illness, together with the evidence for current practices. Areas requiring further research are also highlighted.

关键词： Critical illness Enteral nutrition Gastric emptying Gastric motility Gastrointestinal hormones Metoclopramide Erythromycin Prokinetic therapy

Liver Fibrosis Helps to Distinguish Autoimmune Hepatitis from DILI with Autoimmune Features: A Review of Twenty Cases

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journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2019年第1期7卷 21-26页

作者： Christopher A.Febres-Aldana Sarah Alghamdi Kritika Krishnamurthy robert j.Poppiti Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Mount Sinai Medical CenterMiami BeachFLUSA Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine Florida International UniversityMiamiFLUSA

Background and Aims:Drug-induced liver injury with autoimmune features(AI-DILI)mimics the clinical presentation,and laboratory and pathologic features of idiopathic autoimmune hepatitis(AIH).We aimed to identify histopathologic hallmarks to differentiate these ***:All liver biopsies archived for the past 10 years were reviewed retrospectively to identify cases of recently detected liver injury associated with predominantly lymphoplasmacytic interphase hepatitis,positive markers for liver autoimmunity,and negative tests for viral *** cases were divided into AIH(n=12)or AI-DILI(n=8)*** qualitative evaluation of necroinflammatory changes and liver fibrosis were performed according to the Scheuer scoring *** densities were determined using Imagej(V1.51t,National Institutes of Health,Bethesda,MD,USA).Fibrosis was assessed on Masson trichrome-stained slides,and collagen deposition was estimated following a protocol of color ***:Necroinflammatory changes as well as densities(portal and lobular)of neutrophils and eosinophils,intracellular cholestasis,and regenerative changes did not differ between the two groups(P≥0.05).Neutrophil densities but not eosinophils showed a positive correlation with the severity of hepatocellular damage(r=0.6and 0.58,*** aminotransferase,P<0.05).Ceroidladen macrophages but not histiocytic aggregates appeared to be more common in AI-DILI(P<0.05).AIH patients presented more often with evidence of chronic damage,including higher scores of fibrosis and collagen deposition,in comparison to AI-DILI(P<0.05).Conclusions:Although there is no histologic feature pathognomonic for AI-DILI or AIH,advanced stages of liver fibrosis can be used to support the diagnosis of AIH in some *** diagnosis of AI-DILI requires follow-up and demonstration of complete remission after drug withdrawal with no need for immunosuppression.

关键词： DILI Autoimmune hepatitis Liver fibrosis Digital pathology

A combinatorial indexing strategy for low-cost epigenomic profiling of plant single cells

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Plant Communications 2022年第4期3卷 72-82页

作者： Xiaoyu Tu Alexandre P.Marand robert j.Schmitz Silin Zhong joint Center for Single Cell Biology School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Genetics University of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology School of Life SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Understanding how cis-regulatory elements facilitate gene expression is a key question in *** advances in single-cell genomics have led to the discovery of cell-specific chromatin landscapes that underlie transcription programs in animal ***,the high equipment and reagent costs of commercial systems limit their applications for many *** this study,we developed a combinatorial index and dual PCR barcode strategy to profile the Arabidopsis thaliana root single-cell epigenome without any specialized *** generated chromatin accessibility profiles for 13576 root nuclei with an average of 12784 unique Tn5 integrations per *** of the single-cell assay for transposaseaccessible chromatin sequencing and RNA sequencing data sets enabled the identification of 24 cell clusters with unique transcription,chromatin,and cis-regulatory *** with single-cell data generated using the commercial microfluidic platform from 10X Genomics revealed that this low-cost combinatorial index method is capable of unbiased identification of cell-type-specific chromatin *** anticipate that,by removing cost,instrumentation,and other technical obstacles,this method will be a valuable tool for routine investigation of single-cell epigenomes and provide new insights into plant growth and development and plant interactions with the environment.

关键词： combinatorial indexing single-cell ATAC-seq epigenome