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estimating the Drought-Induced Yield Loss for Winter Wheat in a Semi-Arid Region of the Southern United States Using a Drought Index

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 812-829页

作者： Prem Woli Qingwu Xue Gerald R. Smith Charles R. Long Francis M. Rouquette jr. Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center Overton Texas USA Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center Amarillo Texas USA

The economy of most rural locations in the semi-arid region of Llano estacado in the southern United States is predominantly based on agriculture, primarily beef and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. This region is prone to drought and is projected to experience a drier climate. Droughts that coincide with the critical phenological phases of a crop can be remarkably costly. Although drought cannot be prevented, its losses can be minimized through mitigation measures if it is predicted in advance. Predicting yield loss from an imminent drought is an important need of stakeholders. One way to fulfill this need is using an agricultural drought index, such as the Agricultural Reference Index for Drought (ARID). Being plant physiology-based, ARID can represent drought-yield relationships accurately. This study developed an ARID-based yield model for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in this region by accounting for its phenological phase-specific sensitivity to water stress. The reasonable values of the drought sensitivity coefficients of the yield model indicated that it could reflect the phenomenon of water stress decreasing the winter wheat yields in this region reasonably. The values of the various metrics used to evaluate the model, including Willmott Index (0.86), Nash-Sutcliffe Index (0.61), and percentage error (26), indicated that the yield model performed fairly well at predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat. The yield model may be useful for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in the study region and scheduling irrigation allocation based on phenological phase-specific drought sensitivity.

关键词： ARID Drought Drought index Growth-stage Model Phenological-Phase Prediction Semi-Arid Wheat Yield

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Optimal escape theory predicts escape behaviors beyond flight initiation distance:risk assessment and escape by striped plateau lizards Sceloporus virgatus

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Current Zoology 2009年第2期55卷 123-131页

作者： William e. COOPeR jr. Department of Biology Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne

escape theory predicts that flight initiation distance （FID = distance between predator and prey when escape begins） is longer when risk is greater and shorter when escape is more costly. A few tests suggest that escape theory applies to distance fled. escape models have not addressed stochastic variables, such as probability of fleeing and of entering refuge, but their economic logic might be applicable. experiments on several risk factors in the lizard Sceloporus virgatus confirmed all predictions for the above escape variables. FID was greater when approach was faster and more direct, for lizards on ground than on trees, for lizards rarely exposed to humans, for the second of two approaches, and when the predator turned toward lizards rather than away. Lizards fled further during rapid and second consecutive approaches. They were more likely to flee when approached directly, when a predator turned toward them, and during second approaches. They were more likely to enter refuge when approached rapidly. A novel finding is that perch height in trees was unrelated to FID because lizards escaped by moving out of sight, then moving up or down unpredictably. These findings add to a growing body of evidence supporting predictions of escape theory for FID and distance fled. They show that two probabilistic aspects of escape are predictable based on relative predation risk levels. Because individuals differ in boldness, the assessed optimal FID and threshold risks for fleeing and entering refuge are exceeded for an increasing proportion of individuals as risk increases

关键词： Approach distance Distance fled Flight initiation distance Predation risk Refuge entry Squamata

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Machine Learning empowered Security and Privacy Architecture for IoT Networks with the Integration of Blockchain

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2024年第2期39卷 353-379页

作者： Sohaib Latif M.Saad Bin Ilyas Azhar Imran Hamad Ali Abosaq Abdulaziz Alzubaidi Vincent Karovic jr. Department of Computer Science The University of ChenabGujrat50700Pakistan Department of Creative Technologies Air UniversityIslamabad42000Pakistan Computer Science Department College of Computer Science and Information SystemsNajran UniversityNajran66244Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Umm Alqura UniversityAlQunfudah28821Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Faculty of ManagementComenius University in BratislavaBratislava82005Slovakia

The Internet of Things(IoT)is growing rapidly and impacting almost every aspect of our lives,fromwearables and healthcare to security,traffic management,and fleet management *** has generated massive volumes of data and security,and data privacy risks are increasing with the advancement of technology and network *** access control solutions are inadequate for establishing access control in IoT systems to provide data protection owing to their vulnerability to single-point OF ***,conventional privacy preservation methods have high latency costs and overhead for resource-constrained *** machine learning approaches were also unable to detect denial-of-service(DoS)*** study introduced a novel decentralized and secure framework for blockchain *** avoid single-point OF failure,an accredited access control scheme is incorporated,combining blockchain with local peers to record each transaction and verify the signature to ***-based attribute-based cryptography is implemented to protect data storage privacy by generating threshold parameters,managing keys,and revoking users on the *** innovative contract-based DOS attack mitigation method is also incorporated to effectively validate devices with intelligent contracts as trusted or untrusted,preventing the server from becoming *** proposed framework effectively controls access,safeguards data privacy,and reduces the risk of *** results depict that the suggested framework outperforms the results in terms of accuracy,precision,sensitivity,recall,and F-measure at 96.9%,98.43%,98.8%,98.43%,and 98.4%,respectively.

关键词： Machine learning internet of things blockchain data privacy security Industry 4.0

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Molecular Docking Studies on Streptomycin Antileishmanial Activity

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Open Journal of Physical Chemistry 2024年第2期14卷 36-48页

作者： Todd A. Young Matthew George jr. Ayele Gugssa William M. Southerland Yayin Fang Clarence M. Lee Department of Biology Howard University Washington DC United States Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Howard University Washington DC United States

Resistance to pentavalent antimonial drugs and the lack of vaccines make it urgent to find novel therapeutic options to treat Leishmaniasis, a tropical disease caused by the Leishmania protozoan parasite. The study reported here is to investigate if Streptomycin, an aminoglycoside, and Amphotericin B, the second-line treatment drug, exhibit antileishmanial activity through a similar mechanism. By using MOe (Molecular Operating environment), we performed molecular docking studies on these drugs binding to a range of targets including ribosome targets in Leishmania and H. sapiens. Our study shows that the two drugs do not bind to the same pockets in Leishmania targets but to the same pockets in the human ribosome, with some differences in interactions. Moreover, our 2D maps indicated that Amphotericin B binds to the A-site in the human cytoplasmic ribosome, whereas streptomycin does not.

关键词： Leishmaniasis Streptomycin Amphotericin B Molecular Docking Aminoglycosides Antileishmanial

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Twelve weeks of dance exergaming in overweight and obese adolescent girls:Transfer effects on physical activity,screen time,and self-efficacy

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第1期6卷 4-10,127页

作者： Amanda e.Staiano Robbie A.Beyl Daniel S.Hsia Peter T.Katzmarzyk robert L.Newton jr Pennington Biomedical Research Center Baton RougeLA 70808USA

Background: Given the low levels of physical activity(PA) among adolescent girls in the US, there is a need to identify tools to motivate increased PA. Although there is limited evidence that adolescents transfer PA from one context to another, exergames(i.e., video games that require gross motor activity) may act as a gateway to promote overall PA outside game play. The purpose of this study was to examine potential transfer effects(i.e., influences on external behaviors and psychological constructs) of a 12-week exergaming intervention on adolescent girls' PA, screen time,and self-efficacy toward PA, as well as the intrinsic motivation of ***: Participants were 37 girls aged 14–18 years(65% African American, 35% white) who were overweight or obese(body mass index ≥ 85 th percentile) and were recruited from the community via school, physicians, news media, and social media websites. Adolescents were randomly assigned to a 12-week group exergaming intervention(thirty-six 60 min sessions of group-based dance exergaming in a research laboratory using Kinect for Xbox360(Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA)) or to a no-treatment control group. Outcome variables included objectively measured PA(total) and self-reported leisure-time PA(discretionary time only) 1 week before vs. 1 week after the intervention; selected type and intensity of PA when placed in a gym setting for 30 min("cardio free choice"); screen time; self-efficacy toward PA; and intrinsic motivation toward ***: Attendance at the exergaming sessions was high(80%). Compared with the control group, the intervention group self-reported an increase in PA(p = 0.035) and fewer hours watching television or videos(p = 0.01) after the intervention, but there were no significant differences in sedentary, light, moderate, or vigorous PA measured by accelerometry. The intervention group significantly improved self-efficacy toward PA(p = 0.028). The intervention group highly rated intri

关键词： Active video games Leisure activity Motivation Screen time Self-efficacy Television

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Cardiac troponins in the elderly:interpretation of elevated levels

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2007年第3期4卷 188-192页

作者： robert e Fromm Baylor College of Medicine Senior IntensivistVISICUinc. 2219 Dorrington Street HoustonTX 77030USA Jr

elderly patients with myocardial infarction commonly present with symptoms other than chest pain. The clinician evaluation of the elderly may rely on laboratory methods more so than in younger patients. Fortunately,advances in laboratory science have brought newer biomarkers of cardiac injury to the clinical arena including cardiac troponins I and T(cTnI,cTnT) . These regulatory components of the contractile apparatus are sensitive indicators of myocardial injury. Their central role in the current definition of acute myocardial infarction highlights their utility in the diagnosis of acute myocardial ischemic syndromes. The troponins are also released in some clinical situations where thrombotic complications of coronary artery disease and resultant acute myocardial infarction have not occurred. examples of these conditions include conditions like myocarditis,pulmonary embolism,sepsis,and acute stroke. elevated troponins in these conditions are thought to emanate from injured myocardial cells and in most circumstances have been associated with adverse outcomes. Interpretation of elevated troponin in the elderly requires consideration of other possible conditions.

关键词： acute myocardial infarction thrombolysis elderly

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Genetic assessment of inbred chicken lines indicates genomic signatures of resistance to Marek's disease

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第4期9卷 803-812页

作者： Lingyang Xu Yanghua He Yi Ding George e.Liu Huanmin Zhang Hans H.Cheng robert L.Taylor jr. Jiuzhou Song Department of Animal & Avian Sciences University of Maryland Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service (ARS) Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory Animal and Nutritional Sciences Davis College of Agriculture West Virginia University

Background: Marek’s disease(MD) is a highly contagious pathogenic and oncogenic disease primarily affecting chickens. However, the mechanisms of genetic resistance for MD are complex and not fully understood. MD-resistant line 63and MD-susceptible line 72are two highly inbred progenitor lines of White Leghorn. Recombinant Congenic Strains(RCS) were developed from these two lines, which show varied susceptibility to ***: We investigated genetic structure and genomic signatures across the genome, including the line 63and line72, six RCSs, and two reciprocally crossed flocks between the lines 63and 72(F1 63× 72and F1 72× 63) using Affymetrix~? Axiom~? HD 600 K genotyping array. We observed 18 chickens from RCS lines were specifically clustered into resistance sub-groups distributed around line 63. Additionally, homozygosity analysis was employed to explore potential genetic components related to MD resistance, while runs of homozygosity(ROH) are regions of the genome where the identical haplotypes are inherited from each parent. We found several genes including SIK, SOX1, LIG4, SIK1 and TNFSF13B were contained in ROH region identified in resistant group(line 63and RCS), and these genes have been reported that are contribute to immunology and survival. Based on FSTbased population differential analysis, we also identified important genes related to cell death and anti-apoptosis, including AKT1, API5, CDH13, CFDP and USP15,which could be involved in divergent selection during inbreeding ***: Our findings offer valuable insights for understanding the genetic mechanism of resistance to MD and the identified genes could be considered as candidate biomarkers in further evaluation.

关键词： Genetic structure Genomic signature Homozygosity Marek's disease Recombinant Congenic Strains(RCS)

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为何不该私藏得力干将

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商业评论 2024年第10期 89-95页

作者： jr·凯勒凯瑟琳·德卢戈斯陈媛熙康奈尔大学工业与劳资关系学院宾夕法尼亚州立大学

你的团队中有一位超级明星.他永远不会错过任务截止期,总是能打动客户.他擅长搞定各种麻烦,可以为同事提供支持,还乐于辅导团队中的初级成员.你简直无法想象你的工作中少了他会怎样.然而有一天,他告诉你,他准备谋求更大发展,希望在公司...

你的团队中有一位超级明星.他永远不会错过任务截止期,总是能打动客户.他擅长搞定各种麻烦,可以为同事提供支持,还乐于辅导团队中的初级成员.你简直无法想象你的工作中少了他会怎样.然而有一天,他告诉你,他准备谋求更大发展,希望在公司中寻找新的机会.此时,你会把失望深埋在心里,感谢他为你所做的一切,然后立即帮他规划下一步行动,还是让私心来支配你的行为,暗示他尚未准备好承担更重要的工作,让他等到六个月之后再说也不迟?

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Development,validation,and transportability of several machine-learned,non-exercise-based VO_(2max)prediction models for older adults

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 611-620页

作者： Benjamin T.Schumacher Michael J.LaMonte Andrea Z.LaCroix eleanor M.Simonsick Steven P.Hooker Humberto Parada jr. John Bellettiere Arun Kumar Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Department of epidemiology and environmental Health School of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNY 14214USA Translational Gerontology Branch Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMD 21225USA College of Health and Human Services San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92182USA Division of epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92182USA University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center La JollaCA 92093USA Computer Science and engineering and Halicioglu Data Science Institute University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

Background:There exist few maximal oxygen uptake(VO_(2max))non-exercise-based prediction equations,fewer using machine learning(ML),and none specifically for older *** direct measurement of VO_(2max)is infeasible in large epidemiologic cohort studies,we sought to develop,validate,compare,and assess the transportability of several ML VO_(2max)prediction ***:The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging(BLSA)participants with valid VO2_(max)tests were included(n=1080).Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,linear-and tree-boosted extreme gradient boosting,random forest,and support vector machine(SVM)algorithms were trained to predict VO_(2max)*** developed these algorithms for:(a)the overall BLSA,(b)by sex,(c)using all BLSA variables,and(d)variables common in aging ***,we quantified the associations between measured and predicted VO_(2max)and ***:The age was 69.0±10.4 years(mean±SD)and the measured VO_(2max)was 21.6±5.9 mL/kg/*** absolute shrinkage and selection operator,linear-and tree-boosted extreme gradient boosting,random forest,and support vector machine yielded root mean squared errors of 3.4 mL/kg/min,3.6 mL/kg/min,3.4 mL/kg/min,3.6 mL/kg/min,and 3.5 mL/kg/min,*** quartiles of measured VO_(2max)showed an inverse gradient in mortality *** VO_(2max)variables yielded similar effect estimates but were not robust to ***:Measured VO_(2max)is a strong predictor of *** ML can improve the accuracy of prediction as compared to simpler approaches but estimates of association with mortality remain sensitive to *** studies should seek to reproduce these results so that VO_(2max),an important vital sign,can be more broadly studied as a modifiable target for promoting functional resiliency and healthy aging.

关键词： Cardiorespiratory fitness Prediction algorithms epidemiology Mortality

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Stability analysis of the sliding process of the west slope in Buzhaoba Open-Pit Mine

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2016年第5期26卷 869-875页

作者： Ning Fang Ji Changsheng Garmondyu e.Crusoe jr. School of Art and Design School of Mines China University of Mining & Technology

To study the stability of the west slope in Buzhaoba Open-Pit Mine and determine the aging stability coefficient during slide mass development, the deformation band of the west slope and the slide mass structure of the 34,600 profile are obtained on the basis of hydrology, geology, and monitoring *** residual thrust method is utilized to calculate the stability coefficients, which are 1.225 and 1.00 under sound and transfixion conditions, respectively. According to the rock damage and fragmentation and the principle of mechanical parameter degradation, the mechanical models of the slide mass development of the hard and soft rock slopes are established. An integrated model for calculating the slope stability coefficient is built considering water, vibration, and other external factors that pertain to the structural plane damage mechanism and the generating mechanism of the sliding mass. The change curve of the stability coefficient in the slide mass development is obtained from the relevant analyses,and afterwards, the stability control measures are proposed. The analysis results indicate that in the cracking stage of the hard rock, the slope stability coefficient decreases linearly with the increase in the length Lbof the hard rock crack zone. The linear slope is positively correlated to rock cohesion c. In the transfixion stage of the soft rock, the decrease speed of the stability coefficient is positively correlated to the residual strength of the soft rock. When the slope is stable, the stability coefficient is in a quadratic-linear relationship with the decreased height Dh of the side slope and in a linear relationship with anchoring force P.

关键词： Open-pit mine Side slope Sliding process Aging stability Crack zone

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