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The Role of Synthetic Biology in Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Reduction: Prospects and Challenges

BioDesign Research 2020年第1期2020卷 1-8页

作者： Charles DeLisi Aristides Patrinos Michael MacCracken Dan Drell George Annas Adam Arkin George Church robert cook-deegan Henry Jacoby Mary Lidstrom Jerry Melillo Ron Milo Keith Paustian John Reilly Richard J.roberts Daniel Segrè Susan Solomon Dominic Woolf Stan D.Wullschleger Xiaohan Yang Department of Biomedical Engineering and Program in Bioinformatics College of EngineeringBoston UniversityBoston MA 02215USA The NOVIM Group Kohn HallUC Santa BarbaraCA 93106USA Climate Institute WashingtonDCUSA Department of Energy WashingtonDCUSA Center for Health Law Ethics&Human Rights at the Boston University School of Public HealthSchool of MedicineBoston UniversityUSA Department of Bioengineering University of CaliforniaBerkeley CAUSA Department of Genetics Harvard Medical SchoolCambridge MAUSA School for the Future of Innovation in Society Arizona State UniversityBarrett&O’Connor Washington Center1800 I StreetNWWashingtonDC 20006USA Sloan School of Management MITCambridge MAUSA Department of Chemical Engineering University of WashingtonSeattle WashingtonUSA The Ecosystems Center of the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole MAUSA Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort Collins CO 80523USA MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change MITCambridge MAUSA New England Biolabs Beverly MAUSA Department of Biology and Program in Bioinformatics Boston UniversityBoston MA 02215USA Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMITCambridge MAUSA Soil and Crop Sciences Section School of Integrated Plant SciencesCornell UniversityIthaca NYUSA Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge TNUSA Biosciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA

The long atmospheric residence time of CO2 creates an urgent need to add atmospheric carbon drawdown to CO2 regulatory *** and systems biology(SSB),which enables manipulation of cellular phenotypes,offers a powerful approach to amplifying and adding new possibilities to current land management practices aimed at reducing atmospheric *** participants(in attendance:Christina Agapakis,George Annas,Adam Arkin,George Church,robert cook-deegan,Charles DeLisi,Dan Drell,Sheldon Glashow,Steve Hamburg,Henry Jacoby,Henry Kelly,Mark Kon,Todd Kuiken,Mary Lidstrom,Mike MacCracken,June Medford,Jerry Melillo,Ron Milo,Pilar Ossorio,Ari Patrinos,Keith Paustian,Kristala Jones Prather,Kent Redford,David Resnik,John Reilly,Richard ***,Daniel Segre,Susan Solomon,Elizabeth Strychalski,Chris Voigt,Dominic Woolf,Stan Wullschleger,and Xiaohan Yang)identified a range of possibilities by which SSB might help reduce greenhouse gas concentrations and which might also contribute to environmental sustainability and *** include,among other possibilities,engineering plants to convert CO2 produced by respiration into a stable carbonate,designing plants with an increased root-to-shoot ratio,and creating plants with the ability to self-fertilize.A number of serious ecological and societal challenges must,however,be confronted and resolved before any such application can be fully assessed,realized,and deployed.

关键词： Synthetic roberts enable

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Hydrogels for the management of second-degree burns:currently available options and future promise

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Burns & Trauma 2022年第1期10卷 71-87页

作者： Katherine A.cook Edith Martinez-Lozano robert Sheridan Edward K.Rodriguez Ara Nazarian Mark W.Grinstaff Department of Chemistry Biomedical Engineeringand MedicineBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative Carl J.ShapiroDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02215USA Shriners Hospitals for Children and Burns Service Department of SurgeryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA02214USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Yerevan State Medical UniversityYerevanArmenia

Burn wounds result from exposure to hot liquids,chemicals,fire,electric discharge or *** severity ranges from first-degree injury,which is superficial,to fourth-degree injury,which exposes bone,tendons and *** assessment of burn depth and accurate wound management in the outpatient setting is critical to prevent injury progression into deeper layers of the *** progression is of particular pertinence to second-degree burns,which are the most common form of thermal *** our understanding of wound healing advances,treatment options and technologies for second-degree burn management also *** hydrogels are a class of burn wound dressings that adhere to tissue,absorb wound exudate,protect from the environment,can be transparent facilitating serial wound evaluation and,in some cases,enable facile removal for dressing *** review briefly describes the burn level classification and common,commercially available dressings used to treat second-degree burns,and then focuses on new polymeric hydrogel burn dressings under preclinical development analyzing their design,structure and *** review presents the follow key learning points:(1)introduction to the integument system and the wound-healing process;(2)classification of burns according to severity and clinical appearance;(3)available dressings currently used for second-degree burns;(4)introduction to hydrogels and their preparation and characterization techniques;and(5)pre-clinical hydrogel burn wound dressings currently being developed.

关键词： Burn Wound Hydrogel Dressing Second-degree

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Dissecting anxiety-related QTLs in mice by univariate and multivariate mapping

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第21期57卷 2727-2732页

作者： ZHU ZhiHong ZHANG ChenHao WANG XuSheng cook Melloni N WILLIAMS robert LU Lu ZHU Jun ZJU-IBM Biocomputation Laboratory College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration Nantong UniversityNantong 226001China Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology University of Tennessee Healthy Science CenterMemphisTN 38163USA Department of Psychology University of MemphisMemphisTN 38152USA

To detect genes underlying anxiety-related traits in mice,we performed univariate and multivariate QTL mapping analyses of phenotypes obtained from 71 mice of the BXD recombinant inbred (RI) strains (n=528 mice) and their parental strains (C57BL/6J and DBA/2J).Separate and joint mapping analyses were carried out using a linkage map composed of 506 simple sequence repeats (SSRs).The main QTL effects,interactions between pairs of QTLs (epistasis),and their environmental interactions were *** results showed that anxiety-related traits were influenced by multiple QTLs (five main effect QTLs and three epistatic QTLs).Ten potential anxiety-related candidate genes within the QTL intervals on chromosomes 5,13 and 15 were *** of these genes have been reported previously to be associated with the anxiety *** on our results,it is suggested that the multivariate QTL mapping approach improves the statistical power for detecting QTL and the precision of parameter ***,multivariate mapping can also detect pleiotropic QTL effects.

关键词： QTL定位映射分析焦虑小鼠多变量单变量 QTL效应解剖

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Chest radiograph usefulness in the diagnosis of acute aortic dissection

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2005年第1期2卷 54-58页

作者： Nancy Welch Chat Dang Carlton Allen robert cook Department of Emergency Medicine King-Drew Medical Center Los AngeksCaliforniaUSA Department of Radiology King-Drew Medical Center Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of chest radiographs in patients presenting to a busy inner-city Emergency Department with subsequently proven acute aortic dissection. Methods A retrospective review of initial chest radiographs and charts of patients with the confirmed diagnosis of acute aortic dissection was done for a period of 5 years from 1998 to 2003. A comparison was made between the initial readings of chest radiographs prior to confirmation of the aortic dissection, and a retrospective review of the same radiographs by two board-certified radiologists with special attention to the classic findings of acute aortic dissection identifiable on plain films. Results The charts of nine patients (four men, five women) with proven acute aortic dissection were reviewed. All nine patients were suspected of having acute aortic dissection based on presenting history and symptoms of chest pain (66% ), migratory pain (89% ), back pain (89% ), and the abruptness of onset of pain (89% ). Initial plain portable chest X-rays were obtained in the Emergency Department in all nine patients. Six of nine (67%) radiographs were read as normal, while three (33%) demonstrated a widened mediastinum (＞ 8.0cm), two (22%) showed an abnormal aortic contour, with one ( 11% ) displaying an apical cap. Confirmation of the diagnosis was obtained with either a spiral CT angiogram or transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). All nine plain radiographs were retrospectively reviewed by two board-certified radiologists aware of the diagnosis of acute dissection without a change in the readings. Conclusions Plain portable chest radiographs are of limited usefulness for the screening of acute aortic dissection. Further radiologic evaluation should be dictated by the clinical presentation and an awareness of the low sensitivity of portable chest X- rays.

关键词： chest radiograph aortic dissection, diagnosis

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Predicting strength distributions of MEMS structures using flaw size and spatial density

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2019年第1期5卷 123-134页

作者： robert F.cook Frank W.DelRio Brad L.Boyce Materials Measurement Science Division Material Measurement LaboratoryNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMD 20899USA Applied Chemicals and Materials Division Material Measurement LaboratoryNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyBoulderCO 80305USA Materials Science and Engineering Center Sandia National LaboratoriesAlbuquerqueNM 87185USA

The populations of flaws in individual layers of microelectromechanical systems(MEMS)structures are determined and verified using a combination of specialized specimen geometry,recent probabilistic analysis,and topographic *** distributions of notched and tensile bar specimens are analyzed assuming a single flaw population set by fabrication and common to both specimen *** the average spatial density of flaws and the flaw size distribution are determined and used to generate quantitative visualizations of *** probe-based topographic measurements are used to verify the flaw spacings determined from strength tests and support the idea that grain boundary grooves on sidewalls control MEMS *** findings here suggest that strength controlling features in MEMS devices increase in separation,i.e.,become less spatially dense,and decrease in size,i.e.,become less potent flaws,as processing proceeds up through the layer *** method demonstrated for flaw population determination is directly applicable to strength prediction for MEMS reliability and design.

关键词： strength size structures

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Effect of oxygen and nitrogen functionalization on the physical and electronic structure of graphene

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Nano Research 2015年第8期8卷 2620-2635页

作者： Alexander J. Marsden Peter Brommer James J. Mudd M. Adam Dyson robert cook Maria Asensio Jose Avila Ana Levy Jeremy Sloan David Quigley Gavin R. Bell Neil R. Wilson Department of Physics University of Warwick Coventry UK Centre for Scientific Computing University of Warwick Coventry UK Synchrotron SOLEIL L'Orme des Merisiers Saint Aubin-BP 48 91192 Gifsur Yvette Cedex France

graphene 的共有原子价 functionalization 为定制它的性质提供机会并且是一些 graphene 合成技术的不可避免的后果。然而， functionalization 导致的变化很好没被理解。由使用原子来源控制氧和氮 functionalization 的程度，我们在原... 详细信息

graphene 的共有原子价 functionalization 为定制它的性质提供机会并且是一些 graphene 合成技术的不可避免的后果。然而， functionalization 导致的变化很好没被理解。由使用原子来源控制氧和氮 functionalization 的程度，我们在原子规模在结构和性质学习了进化。虽然，原子氧 reversibly 介绍 epoxide 组，在类似的条件下面，原子氮不可逆转地创造包括的多样的功能代理， pyridinic，和 pyrrolic 氮。原子氧在迪拉克点离开费密能量(即， undoped ) ，虽然原子氮导致网做 n；然而，试验性的结果与为两是转变从的主导的电子效果一致去除到局部性的状态，和因此签名的损失 graphene 的电子结构。

关键词：电子结构环氧基团氮原子功能化石墨物理合成技术原子尺度

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重要的生物地球化学循环与人为变化

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环境科学研究 1985年第6期 24-30页

作者： robert cook 王旭

背景碳、氮、磷和硫的大生物地球化学循环受到人类活动的巨大影响,例如,自然资源的利用不可避免地伴随着废物的产生。煤和石油燃烧放出的C、N和S的化合物进入大气圈,大气圈中增加的CO2可以导致地球气候相当程度的变热。

关键词：生物地球化学循环人为变化地球表面地表陆地生态系统溶解有机质

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Science to support conservation action in a large river system:The Willamette River,Oregon,USA

Water Biology and Security

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Water Biology and Security 2023年第4期2卷 20-35页

作者： Rebecca Flitcroft Luke Whitman James White Rose Wallick Laurel Stratton Garvin Cassandra Smith robert Plotnikoff Michael Mulvey Tobias Kock Krista Jones Peter Gruendike Carolyn Gombert Guillermo Giannico Andrew Dutterer Daniel Brown Hannah Barrett Brian Bangs robert M.Hughes U.S.D.A.Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station3200 SW Jefferson WayCorvallisOR97331USA Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife 28655 OR-34CorvallisOR9733USA U.S.Geological Survey Oregon Water Science Center601 SW 2nd AveSuite 1950PortlandOR97204USA Snohomish County Department of Conservation and Natural Resources 3000 Rockefeller AvenueEverettWA98201USA Oregon Department of Environmental Quality Laboratory and Environmental Assessment Division 7202 NE Evergreen ParkwaySuite 150HillsboroOR97124USA U.S.Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center5501A Cook-Underwood RoadCookWashington WA 98605USA River Design Group 311 SW Jefferson AvenueCorvallisOR97333USA Bureau of Reclamation Sedimentation and River Hydraulics GroupDenver Federal CenterDenverCO80225USA Oregon State University Department of FisheriesWildlifeand Conservation SciencesNash 104CorvallisOR97331USA Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board 775 Summer Street NESalemOR97301USA U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service 911 NE 11th AvenuePortlandOR97204USA Amnisopes Institute 2895 SE GlennCorvallisOR97333USA

Management and conservation efforts that support the recovery and protection of large rivers are daunting,reflecting the complexity of the challenge and extent of effort(in terms of policy,economic investment,and spatial extent)needed to afford measurable *** large systems have generally experienced intensive development and regulation,compromising their capacity to respond to disturbances such as climate change ***,large river and basin management require insights gained from social,ecological,geophysical,and hydrological *** multidisciplinary perspective can unveil the integrated relationship between a river network's biotic community and seasonally variableenvironmental conditions that are *** rivers andtheir basins are constantly changing due to anthropogenic influences and as climate modifies patterns of temperature and *** of these factors,the state of knowledge must advance to address changing *** Willamette River,in western Oregon,USA,is a prime example of a basin that has experienced significant degradation and investment in rehabilitation in recent *** science has facilitated development of fine-scale,spatially extensive datasets and models that can generate targeted conservation and rehabilitation actions that are prioritized across the entire river *** prioritization allows investment decisions to be driven by site-specific conditions while simultaneously considering potentials for ecological ***,we review hydrologic,geomorphic,ecologic,and social conditions in the Willamette River basin through time—including pre-settlement,river development,andcontemporary periods—andoffer a futurevisionfor ***,detailed informationaboutfish populations and habitat,hydrologic conditions,geomorphology,water quality,and land use can be leveraged to make informed decisions about protection,rehabilitation,and develop

关键词： Rehabilitation Flood mitigation Hydropower Fish Multidisciplinary

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