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Support elements in conventional tunneling–Focus on long-term behavior

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Underground Space 2018年第4期3卷 277-287页

作者： robert Galler Stefan Lorenz Chair of Subsurface Engineering Department of Mineral Resources EngineeringMontanuniversita¨t LeobenP.O.Box 8700Erzherzog Johann Str.3LeobenAustria

Owing to increasing traffic and the need for constructing second tunnel tubes including corresponding cross-passages,where only one tube existed thus far,sampling of tunnel-lining materials with an age of 30–40 years has been made *** and in situ tests were carried out to evaluate the long-term effects of the tunnel *** paper presents the outcomes regarding the long-term behav-ior of support elements and membranes after performing strength tests on inner and outer lining concrete samples,flat jack tests,rock bolt tests,and tests on re-extracted sheet membranes,as well as ***,the interface connection mechanical behavior in a double-shell-lined tunnel was investigated with laboratory *** aim of this research was to determine the characteristics of sheet membranes and geotextiles in the case of reduced load-bearing capacity caused by degradation of the primary *** results provide information on the load-sharing effects of the interaction between the primary and secondary lining,depending on the waterproofing sheet membrane and geotextile *** on the results,conclusions for new design approaches for underground infrastructure construction can be formulated.

关键词： Tunnel lining Long-term behavior Concrete Sheet membrane Rock bolt Flat jack test In situ tests

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: genes load the gun and repeated concussion pulls the trigger

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第9期17卷 1963-1964页

作者： robert Vink Frances Corrigan Clinical and Health Sciences University of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia Adelaide Medical School University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia

The association between traumatic brain injury(TBI)and an increased risk of neurodegeneration has been recognized for some decades now(Faden and Loane,2015),with recent evidence suggesting that a history of TBI,either as repeated concussive/mild TBI insults typically experienced by some athletes or less commonly as a single moderate/severe injury,may be linked with an increased risk of developing a specific form of neurodegeneration known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy(CTE)(McKee et al.,2016).The pathognomonic lesions of CTE are hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates,initially in neurons and astrocytes close to blood vessels at the base of the sulci,but later spreading throughout the brain(McKee et al.,2016).Recent work has focused on developing diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome,the clinical disorder associated with CTE,which is thought to encompass cognitive impairment and/or neurobehavioral impairment characterized by explosiveness,impulsivity and emotional lability(Katz et al.,2021).

关键词： traumatic encephalopathy impairment

Local sunspot oscillations and umbral dots

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2018年第9期18卷 1-12页

作者： Yuzef Zhugzhda robert Sych IZMIRAN Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAN Irkutsk Russia

Data analysis of sunspot oscillations based on a 6-hr SDO run of an observation showed that low frequency （0.2 〈ω 〈 1 mHz） oscillations are locally similar to three and five minute oscillations. The oscillations in the sunspot are concentrated in cells of a few arcsec, each of which has its own oscillation spectrum. The analysis of two scenarios for sunspot oscillations leads to a conclusion that local sunspot oscillations occur due to a subphotospheric resonator for slow MHD waves. Empirical models of a sunspot atmosphere and the theory of slow waves in thin magnetic flux tubes are applied to modeling the subphotospheric resonator. The spectrum of local oscillations consists of a great number of lines. This kind of spectrum can occur only if the subphotospheric resonator is a magnetic tube with a rather weak magnetic field. Magnetic tubes of this sort are umbral dots that appear due to the convective tongues in monolithic sunspots. The interrelation of local oscillations with umbral dots and wavefronts of traveling waves in sunspots is discussed.

关键词： Sun sunspot - methods numerical - waves

Reactivation of latent tuberculosis with TNF inhibitors: critical role of the beta 2 chain of the IL-12 receptor

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第7期18卷 1644-1651页

作者： Marie robert Pierre Miossec Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology and immunogenomics and inflammation research unitUniversity of LyonHôpital Edouard HerriotLyonFrance

Tumor necrosis factor(TNF)inhibitors have improved a lot the treatment of numerous diseases,with the well-known example of rheumatoid arthritis(RA).In the early 2000s,postmarketing data quickly revealed an alarming number of severe tuberculosis(TB)under such *** findings were consistent with previous results in mice where TNF is essential for lymph node formation and granuloma *** effects of TNF inhibition on RA synovium structure are very similar to those on granuloma,with changes in cellular interactions,cytokine,and chemokine *** addition to the role of TNF in granuloma,the interleukin(IL)-12/interferon(IFN)-γpathway is required for an efficient host defense against *** and secondary immunodeficiencies affecting this pathway lead to severe bacillus Calmette-Guérin(BCG)reaction or full *** chronic inflammation as in RA induces a systemic Th1 defect that predisposes to TB through specific downregulation of the IL-12Rß2 *** TNF inhibitors are initiated,this transiently increases this risk of TB,through effects on cellular interactions in a latent TB *** a later stage,when a better control disease activity is obtained,the risk of TB is reduced but not *** the clear benefit from TNF inhibition,latent TB infection screening at baseline is essential for an optimal safety.

关键词： tuberculosis TNF inhibition rheumatoid arthritis cytokines

Trametinib and dactolisib but not regorafenib exert antiproliferative effects on rat pancreatic stellate cells

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2015年第6期14卷 642-650页

作者： Laura Witteck robert Jaster Department of Medicine Ⅱ Division of GastroenterologyRostock University Medical Center

BACKGROUND： Modulation of the stroma response is considered a promising approach for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of three clinically available small molecule kinase inhibitors, regorafenib, trametinib and dactolisib, on effector functions of activated pancreatic stellate cells （PSCs）, which play a key role in pancreatic fibrosis.

关键词： stellate cell biology pancreatic cancer chronic pancreatitis trametinib dactolisib

Apparent Polar Wander Path from the Tarim Block in China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1990年第1期64卷 1-13页

作者： robert Sharps Michael McWilliams Geophysics Dept. Stanford Univ.StanfordCA94305

The apparent polar wander (APW) path from the Tarim block consists of palaeo-magnetic poles ofDevonian (λ=16°N, ψ= 165° E. A_(95)=4°). Late Carboniferous (λ=41° N, ψ=160° E, A_(95)=4°).Permian (λ=61°N, ψ=177° E. A_(95)=9°). Early Triassic (λ=69° N. ψ=183° E. A_(95)=11°) andJurassic/Cretaceous (λ=65° N, ψ=214° E. A_(95)=6°) times. On the basis of this APW path, it is con-cluded that the Tarim block was subducted beneath the Kazakstan plate between Devonian and Permiantimes. The Tarim, North China and South China blocks were sutured between the Early Triassic and EarlyCretaceous. Tarim had moved eastward some 2000 km relative to Siberia since the Cretaceous.

关键词： Apparent Polar Wander Path from the Tarim Block in China Path

Theoretical Deficiencies of Isostatic Schemes in Modeling the Crustal Thickness along the Convergent Continental Tectonic Plate Boundaries

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Journal of Earth Science 2016年第6期27卷 1045-1053页

作者： robert Tenzer Mohammad Bagherbandi School of Geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan University Division of Geodesy and Geoinformatics Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Department of Industrial Development IT and Land ManagementUniversity of G?vle

The results of global and regional studies often show significant disagreement between the Moho depths determined using seismic and isostatic models. In this study, we estimate the differences between these two models in central Eurasia. The Vening Meinesz-Moritz （VMM） inverse problem of isostasy is utilized to determine the isostatic Moho depths. The estimated VMM Moho depths are then corrected for the sediment density contrast. The application of this correction improves the agreement between the isostatic and seismic Moho models. The existing discrepancies between the isostatic and seismic models are finally modeled by applying the non-isostatic correction, which accounts for the unmodelled mantle density heterogeneities and other geodynamic processes, which are not taken into account in classical isostatic models. Our results reveal that the non-isostatic correction still cannot fully describe mechanisms affecting the Moho geometry along the convergent continent-tocontinent tectonic plate boundaries occurring beneath Himalayas despite an overall good performance of the applied method.

关键词： crust gravity Himalaya isostasy Moho interface Tibetan Plateau.

Corrigendum to“Back-analysing rock mass modulus from monitoring data of two tunnels in Sydney,Australia”[J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 5(2017)877e891]

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2018年第1期10卷 195-196页

作者： robert Bertuzzi Pells Sullivan Meynink North RydeNSW 2113Australia School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of New South WalesKensingtonNSW 2052Australia

The recent paper by Bertuzzi(2017)published in Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering(JRMGE)included the correlation of rock mass deformation modulus,M,with the Q-value as presented in the first part of Barton(1995).This is reproduced here as Eq.(1):M=10Q1/3(1)The unconfined compressive strength(UCS)normalised Q-value,Qc,was introduced in later pages of the article by Barton(1995)to improve the correlation of rock mass quality and seismic *** Qc value is obtained by normalising to nominal hard rock compression strength value of 100 MPa as given in Eq.(2):

关键词： The recent paper by Bertuzzi(2017)published

Epididymosomes： a heterogeneous population of microvesicles with multiple functions in sperm maturation and storage

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第5期17卷 726-729,I0006页

作者： robert Sullivan Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and ReproductionFaculty of Medicine Universite Laval and ReproductionMother and Youth Health Division Research Center CHUde Quebec Quebec Canada G1V 4G2

Extracellular microvesicles present in the epididymal fluid have been named epididymosomes. Many epididymosome-associated proteins are transferred to spermatozoa during their maturation in the excurrent duct. Epididymosomes are heterogeneous, with their size varying between 50 and 250 nm. Two distinct population ofepididymosomes characterized by different protein compositions and diameters have been isolated from the bovine epididymal fluid using different centrifugation protocols. One subpopulation of epididymosomes was characterized by CD9 and other tetraspanin partners. Transfer of proteins from these epididymosomes to maturing spermatozoa in co-incubation experiments was inhibited by antibodies against tetraspanin proteins. This suggests that this subpopulation of epididymosomes is involved in the acquisition of proteins involved in maturation by spermatozoa in the epididymis. The other population of epididymosomes was characterized by ELSPBPl （epididymal sperm binding protein 1）, known for its affinity for the phospholipid choline group. Flow cytometric analyses showed that ELSPBP1-positive epididymosomes only interacted with dying or dead epididymal spermatozoa in a Zn^2＋-dependent manner. BLVRA （biliverdin reductase） was identified as a partner of ELSPBP1. This enzyme reduces biliverdin to bilirubin： two molecules with powerful anti-oxidant properties. We hypothesize that BLVRA is involved in an ROS-scavenging mechanism protecting live epididymal spermatozoa against detrimental molecules （ROS） released by dying cells. Therefore, it appears that there are at least two epididymosome population with distinct functions： targeting specific proteins to transiting spermatozoa by tetraspanin-mediated membrane fusion, and protection of epididymal spermatozoa against ROS released from dying cells. Further work is needed to understand functions of epididymosomes in epididymal physiology and sperm maturation and storage.

关键词：附睾精子精子成熟微泡异质多功能胆绿素还原酶流式细胞仪分析储存