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Diagnosis and management of brain metastases:an updated review from a radiation oncology perspective

Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2019年第7期4卷 12-27页

作者： Gutiérrez-Valencia Enrique Sánchez-Rodríguez Irving Balderrama-Ibarra Ricardo Fuentes-LaraJesús Rios-Martínez Alan Vázquez Aldana Arroyo Iñigo Bayardo-López Luis Hernández ChávezAllan Puebla-Mora Ana Graciela Nader-Roa Liliana Espíritu-Rodríguez Roque Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social(IMSS) Departamento de Radio-OncologíaCentro Médico Nacional de OccidenteUniversidad de GuadalajaraGuadalajara 44340México Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social(IMSS) Departamento de Anatomía PatológicaCentro Médico Nacional de OccidenteUniversidad de GuadalajaraGuadalajara 44340México Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social(IMSS) Departamento de Física MédicaCentro Médico Nacional de OccidenteGuadalajara 44340México

Brain metastasis are the most common intracranial malignancy in the adult population. Their incidence has increased dramatically over the last 20 years, as a result of the increasing number of cases stemming from lung and breast cancer together with the higher cancer survival rates due to diagnostic and therapeutic advances. More than 40%of cancer patients develop brain metastases during the course of their disease: specifically, they appear in 50%of patients with lung cancer, more than 25% of patients with breast cancer, and 20% of patients with melanoma. Diagnosis is made using different imaging approaches, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, accompanied by clinical manifestations and a history of malignancy supporting the diagnosis of a brain metastasis. Current treatment options should be oriented to the patient's current performance, the number of intracranial and extracranial lesions, and related factors. Although surgical resection and whole-brain radiotherapy have been standard treatments for many years, numerous treatment modalities have become more easily available and accepted worldwide, producing more favorable and reliable results. Among these is stereotactic radiosurgery, and the latest clinical trials support this treatment.

关键词： Brain metastases whole-brain radiation therapy stereotactic radiosurgery graded prognostic assessment

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Biogas Estimation as a Basis for the Implementation of an Intermunicipal Landfill: Michoacan, Mexico

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2014年第7期5卷 577-582页

作者： Iván Vera-Romero José Martínez Reyes Claudio C. Espíritu-Barragán Melitón Estrada-Jaramillo Agustina Ortiz-Soriano Lenin E. Medina-Orozco Trajectory of Educational Innovation University of the Cienega of Michoacan State Sahuayo Mexico Trajectory of Energy Engineering University of the Cienega of Michoacan State Sahuayo Mexico Trajectory of Food Genomics University of the Cienega of Michoacan State Sahuayo Mexico

Municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in the municipalities of Sahuayo, Jiquilpan and Venustiano Carranza in Michoacan, is deposited in open dumps becoming hot spots for health and the environment. The total population in the three municipalities is 130,497 habitants, with a per capita waste production estimated in 0.718 kg·hab-1·day-1 (34,203 t·yr-1). The aim of this study was to estimate the formation of biogas for power generation from the decomposition of waste. The model used was the mexican model of biogas (version 2.0), assuming a useful life of 21 years of the landfill at a cost of 0.19 USD per kWh, the average CFE rate for municipal public lighting. Four possible scenarios were evaluated: one optimal recovering 68% of the biogas (10,095 tonnes of methane in 20 years), having a savings concept in electricity of 8,015,252 USD;in the second case (optimistic intermediate), it is assumed that it obtains 61% of biogas (9046 tonnes of methane) with benefits in power generation for 7,159,679 USD;the third case (pessimistic intermediate) estimating 48% of biogas recovered, being captured 7118 tonnes of methane with profits of 5,633,846 USD into electrical energy, the latter case (pessimistic), assuming 40% of biogas recovered, transforming 4672 tonnes of methane resultant in an economic benefit of 3,697,324 USD for electricity generation. The results justify the investment of the landfill and it is a measure to mitigate climate change and disease prevention.

关键词： Municipal Street Lighting Alternative Energy Public Health

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集成肖特基二极管的沟槽功率HOSFET和DC-DC转换器的性能优势

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电力电子 2005年第6期3卷 30-33,29页

作者： Donald He Jason Zhang ritu Sodhi Dan Kinzer Stuart Edwards Paul Harvey International Rectifier Corporation

发展单片集成MOSFET和肖特基二极管器件来减小Qrr和在DC-DC同步降压转换中的死区时间损耗。这篇文章报道了一种新的器件,这种器件在没有妥协MOSFET优点的同时,它可以降低超过29% 的反向恢复电荷,和降低24%的正向电压降。在1MHZ,集成单片... 详细信息

发展单片集成MOSFET和肖特基二极管器件来减小Qrr和在DC-DC同步降压转换中的死区时间损耗。这篇文章报道了一种新的器件,这种器件在没有妥协MOSFET优点的同时,它可以降低超过29% 的反向恢复电荷,和降低24%的正向电压降。在1MHZ,集成单片FET做同步整流,其电路效率提高 1.1%。随着开关频率和电流的增加性能也得到改善。

关键词：集成肖特基二极管 MOSFET DC-DC转换器性能

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油椒木豆荚提取物对二甲基苯蒽诱导小鼠肾组织损伤的保护作用(英文)

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中西医结合学报 2012年第10期10卷 1171-1178页

作者： Veena Sharma ritu Paliwal Pracheta Janmeda Shatruhan Sharma Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology Banasthali UniversityBanasthali 304022Rajasthan India Maa Anandmayee Institute Jaipur 302012 Rajasthan India

目的:通过二甲基苯蒽(7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene,DMBA)诱导雄性白化小鼠肾组织损伤来研究油椒木豆荚的水乙醇提取物对肾脏的保护作用。方法:予实验小鼠口服15mg/kgDMBA两周前,分别予200和400mg/kg的油椒木豆荚的水乙醇提取物以及... 详细信息

目的:通过二甲基苯蒽(7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene,DMBA)诱导雄性白化小鼠肾组织损伤来研究油椒木豆荚的水乙醇提取物对肾脏的保护作用。方法:予实验小鼠口服15mg/kgDMBA两周前,分别予200和400mg/kg的油椒木豆荚的水乙醇提取物以及浓度为0.5%和1%的叔丁基对羟基茴香醚灌胃。测定各组小鼠细胞色素(cytochrome,Cyt)P450及Cytb5、还原型谷光甘肽(reduced glutathione,GSH)、谷胱甘肽转移酶(glutathione-S-transferase,GST)以及肾组织天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)活性及总胆固醇和蛋白质含量。结果:口服15mg/kg的DMBA可显著增加小鼠CytP450和Cytb5的浓度(P<0.01)。小鼠肾组织GSH、GST活性显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.05)。实验小鼠在口服DMBA后,肾组织AST、ALT、ALP活性和蛋白质含量也显著降低,总胆固醇含量则显著增加(P<0.01)。但是经200和400mg/kg油椒木豆荚提取物预处理14d的实验小鼠,其由DMBA诱发的各项组织生化指标变化发生显著逆转(P<0.01)。结论:油椒木豆荚的提取物可通过提高细胞抗氧化活性、减少自由基的生成来减少DMBA的毒副作用,起到保护肾组织的作用。

关键词：油椒木植物提取物 9,10-二甲基-1,2-苯并蒽致癌物细胞毒性,免疫小鼠

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金刚纂提取物对N-亚硝基二乙胺诱导小鼠肝癌的抗肝毒性作用(英文)

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中西医结合学报 2012年第11期10卷 1303-1309页

作者： Veena Sharma Pracheta Janmeda ritu Paliwal Shatruhan Sharma Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology Banasthali University Maa Anandmayi Institute

目的:通过N-亚硝基二乙胺(N-nitrosodiethylamine,DENA)诱导白化小鼠肝癌,研究金刚簒水乙醇提取物抗小鼠肝毒性的作用。方法:在给予实验小鼠口服50mg/kg的DENA两周前,先予150或400mg/kg金刚簒水乙醇提取物或浓度为0.5%或1%的丁基羟基茴... 详细信息

目的:通过N-亚硝基二乙胺(N-nitrosodiethylamine,DENA)诱导白化小鼠肝癌,研究金刚簒水乙醇提取物抗小鼠肝毒性的作用。方法:在给予实验小鼠口服50mg/kg的DENA两周前,先予150或400mg/kg金刚簒水乙醇提取物或浓度为0.5%或1%的丁基羟基茴香醚(butylated hydroxyanisole,BHA)连续灌胃。测定各组小鼠肝脏内细胞色素(cytochrome,Cyt)P450及b5,还原型谷胱甘肽 (reduced glutathione,GSH)、谷胱甘肽转移酶(glutathione-S-transferase,GST)以及肝组织天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransaminase,AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransaminase,ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)活性及总胆固醇和蛋白质含量。结果:口服50mg/kg的DENA可显著降低CytP450、Cytb5以及GSH、GST的浓度(P<0.01),肝组织AST、ALT、ALP活性和总蛋白含量也显著降低(P<0.01),但总胆固醇含量显著增加。经150或400mg/kg金刚簒水乙醇提取物预处理14d的实验小鼠,其由DENA诱发的各项组织生化指标异常发生显著逆转(P<0.01)。结论:金刚簒水乙醇提取物可通过提高细胞抗氧化活性、减少自由基的生成来减少致癌物DENA造成的肝脏损伤。

关键词：大戟属二乙基亚硝胺异生物质氧化应激反应丁羟茴香醚小鼠

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提高DC-DC变换器效率用高单元密度屏蔽栅功率MOSFET

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电力电子 2010年第5期8卷 41-44页

作者： ritu Sodhi Ashok Challa Jon Gladilh Steven Sapp Chris Rexer 冯幼明王传敏北京微电子技术研究所北京时代民芯科技有限公司

本文介绍了飞兆半导体公司最新开发的高单元密度、屏蔽栅功率MOSFET的结构。这种屏蔽栅结构有助于建立电荷平衡,从而减少MOSFET的通态电阻和栅电荷。这种新技术能使通态电阻比前一代减少50%以上。为进一步改善器件特性,一种肖特基器件... 详细信息

本文介绍了飞兆半导体公司最新开发的高单元密度、屏蔽栅功率MOSFET的结构。这种屏蔽栅结构有助于建立电荷平衡,从而减少MOSFET的通态电阻和栅电荷。这种新技术能使通态电阻比前一代减少50%以上。为进一步改善器件特性,一种肖特基器件也被单片集成在这种新型MOSFET中,使得反向恢复电荷减少了将近20%。上述措施直接减小了在高频、大电流和高输入电压下非常关键的体二极管损耗。该新型器件在典型的同步降压变换器应用中,能提供1.5%的最高效率改进。

关键词：功率MOSFET 单元密度变换器效率 DC-DC 屏蔽飞兆半导体公司器件特性降压变换器

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通辽市公园木本植物物种多样性的研究

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生态科学 2014年第2期33卷 258-261页

作者：刘玉平白日吐郭贵英内蒙古民族大学农学院通辽028000 内蒙古大青沟国家级自然保护区管理局甘旗卡028100

城市公园是城市绿地的重要组成部分,调查分析城市公园树种多样性可以为城市多样性的保护提供依据,完善城市公园结构,改善城市生态环境。对通辽市的5个公园进行抽样调查,分析和比较其物种组成和多样性。结果表明:通辽市公园共有物种70种... 详细信息

城市公园是城市绿地的重要组成部分,调查分析城市公园树种多样性可以为城市多样性的保护提供依据,完善城市公园结构,改善城市生态环境。对通辽市的5个公园进行抽样调查,分析和比较其物种组成和多样性。结果表明:通辽市公园共有物种70种,隶属于25科48属,通辽市公园乔木层的丰富度指数为49,Simpson优势度指数为0.9257,Shannon-wiener多样性指数为3.0114,Pielou均匀度指数为0.7738;灌木层的丰富度指数为21,Simpson优势度指数为0.9041,Shannon-wiener多样性指数为2.6269,Pielou均匀度指数为0.8161。根据对物种多样性及乔灌木层的物种多样性的分析,对各公园的群落组成、结构特点提出改造建议。

关键词：物种多样性公园通辽市

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Quantification of Urban Expansion Using Geospatial Technology—A Case Study in Bangalore

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Advances in Remote Sensing 2015年第4期4卷 330-342页

作者： Puspa P. Dash ritu Kakkar V. Shreenivas P. Jeya Prakash D. J. Mythri K. H. Vinaya Kumar Vanashree Vipin Singh R. M. N. Sahai Centre for Lake Conservation Environmental Management and Policy Research Institute Doresanipalya Forest Campus Bangalore India

Quantification of urban expansion helps us to understand human induced effects on the environment in a temporal scale. Growing urbanization in Bangalore has resulted in demand for more space and resources. Since last 15 years the landuse and landcover of Bangalore area has been changed drastically due to increase in settlement, urban infrastructure, opening of roads and metros etc. Using geospatial tools, we studied the changes in landuse and landcover over 19 years (1992-2011) of period and changes in transport network over 41 years (1970-2011) in parts of Bangalore. Thus, the current study shows that the built-up area has been increased drastically, tree cover areas have been converted to agricultural lands and agricultural lands to built-up areas due to urbanization. There are also changes in drainage pattern, transport network and encroachment of water bodies. Thus the whole environment is getting affected adversely due to unplanned and rapid urban sprawl.

关键词： Urban Expansion Land Use Land Cover Change Analysis Satellite Data GIS

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Quality Assessment of Surface and Drinking Water of Nakla Paurosova, Sherpur, Bangladesh

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Advances in Microbiology 2019年第8期9卷 703-727页

作者： Sourav Sarker Shahin Mahmud Razia Sultana ritu Biswas Partha Protim Sarkar Md. Abul Munayem Nur-E-Alam Md. Rayhan Ali Muhammad Wasim Md. Firoz Ali Md. Omar Faruque Fatematuz Zuhura Evamoni Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Tangail Bangladesh Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali Bangladesh Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University Gopalganj Bangladesh Department of Biotechnology Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh

Water is one of the most vital elements of ecosystem and human being, but unfortunately nowadays, the pollution of surface and drinking water is an alarming problem. The present work deals with the assessment of physicochemical and bacteriological profile of several pond, jar and tube-well water samples to ensure its suitability for using and drinking. Total 30 samples were randomly selected and collected from Nakla Paurosova of Sherpur district by following the standard procedure. Bacteriological analysis was carried out by following the standard bacteriological methods. Most of the surface water sampling points were polluted by dumping of waste, cattle wash and were not suitable for drinking or other domestic purposes. Among three heavy metals, only Iron was detected in six tube-well water samples, one was also positive to arsenic, rest of the water bodies were negative to all of these metals. In case of most of the water bodies, different physicochemical properties were below standard limit. In pond water, the Total Viable Count (TVC) ranged from 2.7 × 107 cfu/100ml to 4.4 × 1015 cfu/100ml and Total Coliform Count (TCC) were 3.4 × 105 cfu/100ml to 4.8 × 1013 cfu/100ml, where the mean concentration of Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC) was 2.4 × 105 cfu/100ml and 1.8 × 105 cfu/100ml in jar and tube-well water respectively. On the other hand, the Total Coliform Count of supply water was 33 cfu/100ml and tube-well water was 14 cfu/100ml. Fecal coliform was detected in all of the pond water samples, four jar and three tube-well water too. E. coli was present in all pond water samples, and also detected in 80% supply and 50% tube-well water also. Shigella spp. was found in two pond water and in one supply water, where tube-well water was free from it. Salmonella spp. was also detected in 30% of pond and 20% of supply water, whereas absent in tube-well water. 50% of pond, 40% of supply and 30% of tube-well water were contaminated with Vibrio spp. The total counts of these

关键词： Physiochemical Parameters Bacterial Load Antibiogram Public Health Nakla Paurosova

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Regeneration of surgically removed ventral prostate in rats

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2003年第4期 314-314页

作者： Sumana Chakrovarty,Shashi Wadhwa,Manish Diwan,ritu Malhotra,S. N. Wadhwa,G. P. Talwar Talwar Research Foundation New Delhi and International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi India All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India Talwar Research Foundation New Delhi and International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi India Talwar Research Foundation New Delhi and International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi India All India Institute of Medical Sciences Talwar Research Foundation New Delhi India New Delhi and International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi India

Objective: To study the regeneration of prostate lobe after surgical lobectomy in rats. Methods: In rats the regeneration of extirpation of one ventral prostate lobe and its effect on the size of the contralateral lobe were studied at various time intervals after lobectomy and their morphology compared with those of the normal developing prostate from the neonatus to the adult. The influence of sex steroid hormones on the regeneration process was also studied. Results: The extirpated ventral lobe regenerated, attaining plateau size at 8 weeks-16 weeks post-lobectomy, however, it remained significantly smaller than the original size. At the 2nd week post-lobectomy, the contralateral lobe was significantly hypertrophied, but reverted to the previous size with time. Or chiectomy carried out at the time of lobectomy caused a drastic reduction in the size of the remaining lobe, which was prevented by androgen treatment. In animals receiving estrogen treatment, the remaining lobe was partially but not fully at

关键词： prostate lobectomy regeneration androgen estrogen

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