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An Inve.tigation of the.Re.uire. MR Bone.Atte.uation Corre.tion for Quantitative.Whole.Body Pe./MR Imaging Using Clinical NaF Pe./CT Studie.

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Inte.national Journal of Me.ical Physics, Clinical e.gine.ring and Radiation Oncology 2018年第3期7卷 273-295页

作者： Hua A. Ai Osama Mawlawi R. Jason Stafford Jim Bankson Yiping Shao Miche.e.Guindani richard e. wendt iii De.artme.t of Imaging Physics The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston USA Me.ical Physics Program The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston Houston USA De.artme.t of Radiation Oncology UT Southwest Medical Center Dallas USA De.artme.t of Biostatistics The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston USA Biostatistics Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston Houston USA

Tissue.classification-base. atte.uation corre.tion strate.ie. have.be.n pre.iously propose. to corre.t for bone.atte.uation in Pe./MR imaging and simulate. using compute. tomography. Howe.e., the.complication of voxe. ave.aging unique.y associate. with bone.has not be.n conside.e. e.plicitly in the.past. This study inve.tigate. the.e.fe.t of voxe. ave.aging be.we.n bone.and soft tissue.in atte.uation image. and de.e.mine. how accurate.y bone.must be.de.e.te. in MR image. in orde. to pe.form acce.table.atte.uation corre.tion of Pe. data by using CT-simulate. atte.uation corre.tion. We.found out that tre.ting bone.as soft tissue.cause. a me.n quantification diffe.e.ce.of -9.9% ± 5.5% in all 119 bone.le.ions. The.e.we.e.no significant diffe.e.ce. be.we.n le.ions in the.pe.vis and the.ve.te.rae. The.nominal diffe.e.ce.in le.ions in the.ribs was significantly lowe., like.y due.to the.spatial misre.istration be.we.n the.e.ission and atte.uation image.. Inte.e.tingly, a non-monotonic re.ationship be.we.n the.bone.imaging ability and the.absolute.Pe. quantification accuracy was obse.ve., with the.minimal quantification diffe.e.ce.achie.e. at a BVF around 40% for skull le.ions (2.6% ± 2.1%), and 30% for non-skull le.ions (1.4% ± 1.1%) and all le.ions (1.5% ± 1.3%). This study e.tablishe. that a bone.classification se.sitivity of approximate.y 30% BVF is re.uire. in orde. for MR-base. atte.uation corre.tion me.hods to achie.e.optimal quantification in whole.body Pe./MR studie.. For this purpose. highe. bone.imaging ability of MR may not be.ne.e.sary.

关键词： Pe./MR Atte.uation Corre.tion MR-Base. Atte.uation Corre.tion

Mafic-Ultramafic Large.Igne.us Province. （LIPs）： Importance.of the.Pre.Me.ozolc re.ord

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e.isode. 2007年第2期30卷 108-114页

作者： richard e. e.nst e.nst Ge.scie.ce. 43 Margrave Ave Ottawa Ontario K 1T 3Y2 Canada. ＆ Adjunct professor Dept of Earth Sciences Carleton University Ottawa Canada K 1S 5B6.

Mafic-ultramafic magmatic province. are.te.me. Large.Igne.us Province. （LIPs） if the. are.large.（〉10^5 km^3）, are.e.place. in a short duration （ca. 〈 5 myr）（or consist of short duration pulse.）, and have.intraplate.characte.istics （i.e. are.not associate. with normal plate.boundary proce.se.）. This cate.ory include. the.classic contine.tal flood basalts, oce.nic plate.us, bimodal-rift （passive.margin） re.ate. package., but also those.e.e.ts, mainly of Phane.ozoic-Prote.ozoic age. whe.e.the.plumbing syste. of dyke., sills and laye.e. intrusions has be.n e.pose. by e.osion. In the.Arche.n, LIPs may be.re.re.e.te. by the.gre.nstone.be.ts of the.thole.ite.komatiite.association. Fe.sic magmatism is associate. with many LIPs and inde.d may be.dominant in some.case.. LIPs are.associate. with contine.tal bre.kup, climatic change. e.tinction e.e.ts, and major ore.de.osits e.pe.ially of the.Ni-Cu-PGe.type. Contine.tal LIPs occur on ave.age.e.e.y 20-30 myr since.2.6 Ga; the.Arche.n re.ord is too poorly pre.e.ve. for ge.e.alizations. LIPs occur both as isolate. single.e.e.ts （e.g., 2055 Ma Bushve.d e.e.t）, as approximate.y coe.al but wide.y se.arate. e.e.ts （e.g., 65 Ma De.can and 62 Ma NAIP）, and as re.ional cluste.s associate. with supe.contine.t bre.kup （e.g., the.830-750 Ma e.e.ts associate. with the.bre.kup of the.propose. supe.contine.t Rodinia）. The.LIP re.ord re.re.e.ts a ke. tool for constraining Prote.ozoic pale.contine.tal re.onstructions.

关键词：铁镁质火成地区超基性重要记录

Inte.active.e.fe.ts of e.e.ate. CO_2 and Growth Te.pe.ature.on the.Tole.ance.of Photosynthe.is to Acute.He.t Stre.s in C_3 and C_4 Spe.ie.

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Journal of Inte.rative.Plant Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1375-1387页

作者： e. William Hamilton iii Scott A. He.kathorn Pune.t Joshi Dan Wang De.pak Barua De.artme.t of Biology Washington and Lee University Lexington Virginia USA De.artme.t of e.vironme.tal Scie.ce. University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA

De.e.mining e.fe.ts of e.e.ate. CO2 on the.tole.ance.of photosynthe.is to acute.he.t-stre.s （he.t wave. is ne.e.sary for pre.icting plant re.ponse. to global warming, as photosynthe.is is the.molabile.and acute.he.t-stre.s and atmosphe.ic CO2 will incre.se.in the.future. Fe. studie. have.e.amine. this, and past re.ults are.variable. which may be.due.to me.hodological variation. To addre.s this, we.gre. two C3 and two C4 spe.ie. at curre.t or e.e.ate. CO2 and thre. diffe.e.t growth te.pe.ature. （GT）. We.asse.se. photosynthe.ic the.motole.ance.in both unacclimate. （basal tole.ance. and pre.e.t-stre.se. （pre.S = acclimate.） plants. In C3 spe.ie., basal the.motole.ance.of ne. photosynthe.is （Pn） was incre.se. in high CO2, but in C4 spe.ie., Pn the.motle.ance.was de.re.se. by high CO2 （e.ce.t Ze. mays at low GT）; CO2 e.fe.ts in pre.S plants we.e.mostly small or abse.t, though high CO2 was de.rime.tal in one.C3 and one.C4 spe.ie. at warme. GT. Though high CO2 ge.e.ally de.re.se. stomatal conductance. de.re.se. in P, during he.t stre.s we.e.mostly due.to non-stomatal e.fe.ts. Photosyste. Ⅱ （PSⅡ） e.ficie.cy was ofte. de.re.se. by high CO2 during he.t stre.s, e.pe.ially at high GT; CO2 e.fe.ts on post-PSⅡ e.e.tron transport we.e.variable. Thus, high CO2 ofte. affe.te. photosynthe.ic the.omotole.ance. and the.e.fe.ts varie. with photosynthe.ic pathway, growth te.pe.ature. and acclimation state. Most importantly, in he.t-stre.se. plants at normal or warme. growth te.pe.ature., high CO2 may ofte. de.re.se. or not be.e.it as e.pe.te., tole.ance.of photosynthe.is to acute.he.t stre.s. The.e.ore. inte.active.e.fe.ts of e.e.ate. CO2 and warme. growth te.pe.ature. on acute.he.t tole.ance.may contribute.to future.change. in plant productivity, distribution, and dive.sity.

关键词： carbon dioxide global climate.change photosynthe.is the.motole.ance.

Solvothe.mal pre.aration of iron phosphonate.cage.

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Scie.ce.China Che.istry 2012年第6期55卷 910-913页

作者： WINPe.NY richard e. P. School of Che.istry University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom The.Photon Scie.ce.Institute University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom

Thre. ne. iron（Ⅲ） phosphonate.cage.like.comple.e. with [Fe.], [Fe.] and [Fe.4] core. have.be.n synthe.ize. by solvothe.mal re.ction with various starting mate.ials. Magne.ic studie. show ove.all antife.romagne.ic i... 详细信息

关键词： polynucle.r iron coordination phosphonate magne.ic prope.tie.

Intrace.lular Transport of Plant Viruse.： Finding the.Door out of the.Ce.l

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Mole.ular Plant 2011年第5期4卷 813-831页

作者： Jame. e. Schoe.z Phillip A. Harrie. richard S. Ne.son Division of Plant Scie.ce. University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA De.artme.t of Biology Pittsburg State University Pittsburg KS 66762 USA Plant Biology Division The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Inc. Ardmore OK 73401 USA

Plant viruse. are.a class of plant pathoge.s that spe.ialize.in move.e.t from ce.l to ce.l. As part of the.r arse.al for infe.tion of plants, e.e.y virus e.code. a move.e.t prote.n （MP）, a prote.n de.icate. to e.larging the.pore.size.of plasmode.mata （PD） and active.y transporting the.viral nucle.c acid into the.adjace.t ce.l. As our knowle.ge.of inte.ce.lular transport has incre.se., it has be.ome.appare.t that viruse. must also use.an active.me.hanism to targe. the.virus from the.r site.of re.lication within the.ce.l to the.PD. Just as viruse. are.too large.to fit through an unmodifie. plasmode.ma, the. are.also too large.to be.fre.ly diffuse. through the.cytoplasm of the.ce.l. e.ide.ce.has accumulate. now for the.involve.e.t of othe. cate.orie. of viral prote.ns in intrace.lular move.e.t in addition to the.MP, including viral prote.ns originally associate. with re.lication or ge.e.e.pre.sion. In this re.ie., we.will discuss the.strate.ie. that viruse. use.for intrace.lular move.e.t from the.re.lication site.to the.PD, in particular focusing on the.role.of host me.brane. for intrace.lular transport and the.coordinate. inte.actions be.we.n virus prote.ns within ce.ls that are.ne.e.sary for succe.sful virus spre.d.

关键词： Macromole.ular trafficking me.brane.biology me.brane.prote.ns move.e.t prote.ns plasmode.mata plant-virus inte.actions.

The.aggre.sive.invasion of e.otic re.tile. in Florida with a focus on promine.t spe.ie.： A re.ie.

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Curre.t Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 599-612页

作者： richard e.Ge.AN e.liott JACOBSON Michae. L. AVe.Y Walte. e. Me.HAKA, Jr. USDA/APHIS/Wildlife.Se.vice./National Wildlife.Re.e.rch Ctr 4101 LaPorte Ave. Fort Collins CO 80521-2154 USA Colle.e.of Ve.e.inary Me.icine.Unive.sity of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA USDA/APHIS/Wildlife.Se.vice./National Wildlife.Re.e.rch Ctr 2820 East University Ave. Gainesville FL 32641 USA The.State.Muse.m of Pe.nsylvania 300 North Street Harrisburg Pennsylvania 17120 USA

Florida, along with Hawaii, has among the.two worst invasive.spe.ie. proble.s in the.USA, and the.state.is e.pe.cially susce.tible.to e.tablishme.t by alie. re.tile.. Be.ide. the.large.numbe.s of e.tablishe. non-native.re.tile.spe.ie. in Florida, many of the.e.spe.ie. pre.e.t nove. difficultie. for manage.e.t, or have.othe. characte.istics making e.fe.tive.manage.e.t e.-tre.e.y challe.ging. More.ve., initiation of manage.e.t action re.uire. more.than re.ognition by e.pe.ts that a pote.tially harmful spe.ie. has be.ome.e.tablishe.. It also re.uire. the.political will along with concomitant re.ource. and appropriate.pe.-sonne. to de.e.op e.fe.tive.me.hods and apply the.. We.re.ie. the.situation in Florida, including asse.sme.t of risk for e.tab- lishme.t, and we.use.a subse. of promine.t spe.ie. to illustrate.in more.de.ail the.array of invasive.re.tile.spe.ie. circumstance. in Florida, including route. of introduction, impacts, and pote.tial and imple.e.te. manage.e.t actions. The.e.e.ample. not only highlight the.se.e.ity of the.invasive.re.tile.proble.s in the.state. but the. also show the.dive.sity in re.olve.and re.ponse.towards the. and the.motivating factors [Curre.t Zoology 57 （5）： 599-612, 2011].

关键词： Arge.tine.black and white.te.us Biophysical e.ology Burme.e.pythons Control Gre.n and spiny-taile. iguanas,Invasive.spe.ie. Nile.monitors Northe.n curlytail lizards

e.plicit and Parame.e.ize. e.isode. of Warm-Se.son Pre.ipitation ove. the.Contine.tal Unite. State.

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Advance. in Atmosphe.ic Scie.ce. 2006年第1期23卷 91-105页

作者： Mitche.l W. MONCRIe.F John D. TUTTLe.richard e. CARBONe National Ce.te. for Atmosphe.ic Re.e.rch BoulderColorado 80307-3000U. S. A.

This pape. de.cribe. e.plicit and parame.e.ize. simulations of midsumme. pre.ipitation ove. the.contine.tal Unite. State. for two distinct e.isode.： mode.ate.large.scale.forcing and we.k forcing. The.obje.tive.is to de.onstrate.the.capability of e.plicit conve.tion at curre.tly affordable.grid-re.olution and compare.it with parame.e.ize. re.lizations. Unde. mode.ate.forcing, 3-kin grid-re.olution e.plicit simulations re.re.e.t rainfall cohe.e.ce.re.arkably we.l. The.obse.ve. daily conve.tive.ge.e.ation ne.r the.Contine.tal Divide.and the.subse.ue.t organization and propagation are.re.roduce. qualitative.y. The.propagation spe.d, zonal e.te.t and duration of the.rainfall stre.ks compare.favorably with the.r obse.ve. counte.parts, although the.stre.k fre.ue.cy is unde.e.timate.. The.simulations at -10-km grid-re.olution applying conve.tional conve.tive.parame.e.ization sche.e. also re.licate.re.sonably we.l the.diurnal conve.tive.re.e.e.ation in mode.ate.forcing. The.pe.formance.of the.3-km grid-re.olution mode. de.onstrate. the.pote.tial of -1-km-re.olution e.plicit cloud-re.olving mode.s for the.pre.iction of warm se.son pre.ipitation for mode.ate.y force. e.vironme.ts. In we.k forcing conditions, howe.e., pre.ictions of pre.ipitation cohe.e.ce.and diurnal variability are.much poore.. This sugge.ts that an e.e. fine. re.olution e.plicit mode. is re.uire. to ade.uate.y tre.t conve.tive.initiation and upscale.organization typical of the.warm se.son ove. the.contine.tal U.S.

关键词： warm-se.son pre.ipitation e.plicit simulation conve.tive.parame.e.ization

Laye. by laye. surface.e.gine.ring of poly (lactide.co-glycolide. nanoparticle.:A ve.satile.tool for nanoparticle.e.gine.ring for targe.e. drug de.ive.y

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Scie.ce.China Che.istry 2013年第8期56卷 1029-1039页

作者： ROMe.O Gabrie.a MURRAY richard A. QIU Yuan SANZ David MOYA Se.gio e. Biosurface. De.artme.t CIC biomaGUNE De.artme.t of Polyme. Scie.ce.and e.gine.ring Zhejiang University

Re.e.t work re.arding the.Laye. by Laye. （LbL） e.gine.ring of poly（lactide.co-glycolide. nanoparticle. （PLGA NPs） is re.ie.e. he.e. The.LbL e.gine.ring of PLGA NPs is applie. as a me.ns of ge.e.ating advance. drug de.ive.y de.ice. with tailore. re.ognition, prote.tion, cargo and re.e.se.prope.tie.. LbL in combination with covale.t che.istry is use. to attach Pe. and folic acid to control ce.l uptake.and dire.t it towards cance. ce.ls. LbL coatings compose. of chitosan and alginate.show low prote.n inte.actions and can be.use. as an alte.native.to Pe.ylation. The.asse.bly on top of LbL coatings of lipid laye.s compose. of variable.pe.ce.tage. of 1,2-diole.yl-sn-glyce.o-3-choline.（DOPC） and 1,2-diole.yl-sn-glyce.o-3-phospho- L-se.ine.（DOPS） incre.se. NP uptake.and dire.ts the.NPs towards the.e.doplasmic re.iculum. The.antibody anti-TNF-ct is e.capsulate. forming a comple. with alginate.that is asse.ble. LbL on top of PLGA NPs. The.antibody is re.e.se. in ce.l culture.following first orde. kine.ics. The.re.e.se.kine.ics of e.capsulate. mole.ule. inside.PLGA NPs are.studie. whe. the.PLGA NPs are.coate. via LbL with diffe.e.t polye.e.trolyte.. The.intrace.lular re.e.se.of e.capsulate. Doxorubicin is studie. in the.He.G2 ce.l line.by me.ns of Fluore.ce.ce.Life.ime.Imaging.

关键词： laye. by laye. PLGA NPs ce.l uptake antibody de.ive.y lipid laye.s intrace.lular re.e.se

Inte.active.e.fe.ts of e.e.ate. CO_2 and Ozone.on Le.f The.motole.ance.in Fie.d-grown Glycine.max

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Journal of Inte.rative.Plant Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1396-1405页

作者： Sasmita Mishra Scott A. He.kathorn De.pak Barua Dan Wang Pune.t Joshi e. William Hamilton iii Jonathan Frantz De.artme.t of e.vironme.tal Scie.ce. University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA De.artme.t of Biology Washington and Lee University Lexington Virginia USA Unite. State. De.artme.t of Agricuffure.Agricultural Re.e.rch Se.vice University of Toledo Toledo Ohio 43606 USA

Humans are.incre.sing atmosphe.ic CO2, ground-le.e. ozone.（O3）, and me.n and acute.high te.pe.ature.. Laboratory studie. show that e.e.ate. CO2 can incre.se.the.motole.ance.of photosynthe.is in C3 plants. O3-re.ate. oxidative.stre.s may offse. be.e.its of e.e.ate. CO2 during he.t-wave.. We.de.e.mine. e.fe.ts of e.e.ate. CO2 and O3 on le.f the.motole.ance.of fie.d-grown Glycine.max （soybe.n, C3）. Photosynthe.ic e.e.tron transport （Фe.） was me.sure. in attache. le.ve. he.te. in situ and de.ache. le.ve. he.te. unde. ambie.t CO2 and O3. He.ting de.re.se. Фe., which O3 e.ace.bate.. e.e.ate. CO2 pre.e.te. O3-re.ate. de.re.se. during he.ting, but only incre.se. Фe. unde. ambie.t O3 in the.fie.d. He.ting de.re.se. chlorophyll and carote.oids, e.pe.ially unde. e.e.ate. CO2. Ne.the. CO2 nor O3 affe.te. he.t-shock prote.ns. He.ting incre.se. catalase.（e.ce.t in high O3） and Cu/Zn-supe.oxide.dismutase.（SOD）, but not Mn- SOD; CO2 and O3 de.re.se. catalase.but ne.the. SOD. Soluble.carbohydrate. we.e.unaffe.te. by he.ting, but incre.se. in e.e.ate. CO2. Thus, prote.tion of photosynthe.is during he.t stre.s by e.e.ate. CO2 occurs in fie.d-grown soybe.n unde. ambie.t O3, as in the.lab, and high CO2 limits he.t damage.unde. e.e.ate. O3, but this prote.tion is like.y from de.re.se. photore.piration and stomatal conductance.rathe. than production of he.t-stre.s adaptations.

关键词： anti-oxidants global change he.t-shock prote.ns photosynthe.is.