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Cation engineering on lead iodide perovskites for stable and high-performance photovoltaic applications

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2018年第4期27卷 1017-1039页

作者： Jue Gong Peijun Guo Savannah E.Benjamin P.Gregory Van Patten richard d.Schaller Tao Xu department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Northern Illinois UniversityDeKalbIL 60115USA Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National Laboratory9700 South Cass AvenueLemontIL 60439USA department of Chemistry Middle Tennessee State UniversityMurfreesboroTN 37132USA

Perovskite solar cells （PSCs） based on methylammonium lead iodide （CH3NH3PbI3） have shown unprecedentedly outstanding performance in the recent years. Nevertheless, due to the weak interaction between polar CH3NH3＋（MA＋） and inorganic PbI3 sublattices, CH3NH3PbI3 dramatically suffers from poor moisture stability, thermal decomposition and device hysteresis. As such, strong electrostatic interactions between cations and anionic frameworks are desired for synergistic improvements of the abovementioned issues. While replacements of I with Br and/or CI evidently widen optical bandgaps of perovskite materials, compositional modifications can solely be applied on cation components in order to preserve the broad absorption of solar spectrum. Herein, we review the current successful practices in achieving efficient, stable and minimally hysteretic PSCs with lead iodide perovskite systems that employ photoactive cesium lead iodide （CsPbI3）, formamidinium lead iodide （HC（NH2）2PbI3, or FAPbI3）, MA1-x y-zFAxCsyRbzPbI3 mixed-cation settings as well as two-dimensional butylammonium （C4H9NH3＋, or BA＋）/MA＋, polymeric ammonium （PEI＋）/MA＋ co-cation layered structures. Fundamental aspects behind the stabilization of perovskite phases α-CsPbi3, α-FAPbI3, mixed-cation MA1-x-y-zFAxCsyRb2PbI3 and crystallographic alignment of （BA）2（MA）3Pb4I13 for effective light absorption and charge transport will be discussed. This review will contribute to the continuous development of photovoltaic technology based on PSCs.

关键词： Solar energy conversion Perovskite solar cells Power conversion efficiency Optical bandgaps device hysteresis Metastabte phases

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Lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty:A review

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2021年第4期12卷 197-206页

作者： Scott d Buzin Jeffrey A Geller richard S Yoon William Macaulay department of Orthopaedics Jersey City Medical CenterJersey CityNJ 07302United States New York Presbyterian Columbia UniversityMedical CenterNew YorkNY 10032United States department of Orthopaedic Surgery Jersey City Medical Center-RWJBarnabas HealthJersey CityNJ 07302United States department of Orthopaedic Surgery NYU Langone HealthNew YorkNY 10016United States

Isolated lateral compartment osteoarthritis of the knee is a rare condition affecting approximately 1%of the population,which is ten times less common than osteoarthritis affecting only the medial *** knee arthroplasty(UKA)has many potential advantages over total knee *** benefits of UKA include a smaller incision,preservation of more native tissue(including cruciate ligaments and bone),decreased blood loss,and better overall *** UKA was first introduced in the 1970s,the outcomes of medial UKA(MUKA)were poor,but the few cases of lateral UKA(LUKA)showed *** that time,there has been a relative paucity of literature focused specifically on LUKA given it is a rare *** in patient selection criteria,implant design,and surgical technique have been made leading to increased popularity.A review of the recent literature reveals that LUKA is associated with excellent long-term clinical outcomes and implant survivorship when performed in properly selected *** design options include fixed vs mobile bearing as well as metal backed vs all polyethylene tibial component,with improved outcomes noted with fixed bearing *** reasons cited for revision(i.e.,fracture of the femoral component,fracture of the tibial component,and valgus malalignment)had been reported in past literature but not ***,while rare,the most common cause of failure and need for revision are osteoarthritis progression and aseptic *** the need for an occasional revision procedure,the survivorship of LUKA is comparable to MUKA,although it should be noted that outcomes of MUKA have been notably *** pursuit of improved techniques and implant designs will continue to show LUKA to be an excellent procedure for appropriately indicated patients.

关键词： Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Lateral Review Outcomes

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A framework for quantifying properties of 3-dimensional movement-based signals

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Current Zoology 2010年第3期56卷 327-336页

作者： Shaun Td NEW richard A PETERS ARC Centre of Excellence in Vision Science Division of EvolutionEcology & GeneticsResearch School of BiologyThe Australian National University

Understanding how signal properties are optimized for the reliable transmission of information requires accurate de- scription of the signal in time and space. For movement-based signals where movement is restricted to a single plane, measure- ments from a single viewpoint can be used to consider a range of viewing positions based on simple geometric calculations. However, considerations of signal properties from a range of viewing positions for movements extending into three-dimensions （3d） are more problematic. We present here a new framework that overcomes this limitation, and enables us to quantify the extent to which movement-based signals are view-specific. To illustrate its application, a Jacky lizard tail flick signal was filmed with synchronized cameras and the position of the tail tip digitized for both recordings. Camera aligmnent enabled tl^e construction of a 3d display action pattern profile. We analyzed the profile directly and used it to create a detailed 3d animation. In the virtual environment, we were able to film the same signal from multiple viewing positions and using a computational motion analysis algorithm （gradient detector model） to measure local image velocity in order to predict view dependent differences in signal properties. This approach will enable consideration of a range of questions concerning movement-based signal design and evolu- tion that were previously out of reach [Current Zoology 56 （3）： 327-336, 2010].

关键词： Signal evolution Sensory Ecology Movement-based signal 3d display Action Pattern

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Assessing the impact of conceptual mineral systems uncertainty on prospectivity predictions

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第6期13卷 182-207页

作者： Mark d Lindsay Agnieszka M.Piechocka Mark W Jessell richard Scalzo Jeremie Giraud Guillaume Pirot Edward Cripps Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Mineral Resources Australian Resources Research CentreWA 6151Australia Mineral Exploration Cooperative Research Centre Centre for Exploration TargetingSchool of Earth SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia ARC Centre for data Analytics for Resources and Environments(dARE) Perth and SydneyAustralia University of Sydney School of Mathematics and StatisticsSydneyAustralia Universitéde Lorraine GeoRessourcesCNRS54000 NancyFrance The University of Western Australia Department of Mathematics and StatisticsPerthAustralia

The past two decades have seen a rapid adoption of artificial intelligence methods applied to mineral exploration. More recently, the easier acquisition of some types of data has inspired a broad literature that has examined many machine learning and modelling techniques that combine exploration criteria,or ’features’, to generate predictions for mineral prospectivity. Central to the design of prospectivity models is a ’mineral system’, a conceptual model describing the key geological elements that control the timing and location of economic mineralisation. The mineral systems model defines what constitutes a training set, which features represent geological evidence of mineralisation, how features are engineered and what modelling methods are used. Mineral systems are knowledge-driven conceptual models, thus all parameter choices are subject to human biases and opinion so alternative models are ***, the effect of alternative mineral systems models on prospectivity is rarely compared despite the potential to heavily influence final predictions. In this study, we focus on the effect of conceptual uncertainty on Fe ore prospectivity models in the Hamersley region, Western Australia. Four important considerations are tested.(1) Five different supergene and hypogene conceptual mineral systems models guide the inputs for five forest-based classification prospectivity models model.(2) To represent conceptual uncertainty, the predictions are then combined for prospectivity model comparison.(3)Representation of three-dimensional objects as two-dimensional features are tested to address commonly ignored thickness of geological units.(4) The training dataset is composed of known economic mineralisation sites(deposits) as ’positive’ examples, and exploration drilling data providing ’negative’sampling locations. Each of the spatial predictions are assessed using independent performance metrics common to AI-based classification methods and subjected to geological pl

关键词： Uncertainty Modelling Prospectivity Economic geology Geological plausibility Forest-based classification

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Pigmented well-differentiated hepatocellular neoplasm with β-catenin mutation

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic diseases International 2015年第6期14卷 660-664页

作者： Lara Neves Souza Rodrigo Bronze de Martino richard Thompson Sandra Strautnieks Nigel d Heaton Alberto Quaglia Institute of Liver Studies King's College Hospital department of Gastroenterology Discipline of Liver and Gastrointestinal TransplantationHospital das ClínicasUniversity of S?o Paulo

ABSTRACT： According to the most recent WHO classification of hepatocellular adenomas, a small percentage of inflammatory hepatocellular adenomas presents with mutation in the β-catenin gene and are at higher risk of malignant transformation. It has been recognized that adenoma-like hepatocellular neoplasms with focal atypia, or in unusual clinical context present with similar cytogenetic and immunohistochemistry characteristics to well-differentiated hepatocellular carcino- mas.

关键词： hepatocellular adenoma hepatocellular carcinoma β-catenin glutamine synthetase diethylstilbestrol

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State of the Art in Alcohol Sensing with 2d Materials

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Nano-Micro Letters 2020年第3期12卷 22-54页

作者： Ramin Boroujerdi Amr Abdelkader richard Paul Faculty of Science and Technology Bournemouth UniversityTalbot CampusFern BarrowPoole BH125BBUK department of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridge CB30FSUK

Since the discovery of graphene,the star among new materials,there has been a surge of attention focused on the monatomic and monomolecular sheets which can be obtained by exfoliation of layered *** materials are known as two-dimensional(2d)materials and offer enormous versatility and *** ultimate single atom,or molecule,thickness of the 2d materials sheets provides the highest surface to weight ratio of all the nanomaterials,which opens the door to the design of more sensitive and reliable chemical *** variety of properties and the possibility of tuning the chemical and surface properties of the 2d materials increase their potential as selective sensors,targeting chemical species that were previously difficult to *** planar structure and the mechanical flexibility of the sheets allow new sensor designs and put 2d materials at the forefront of all the candidates for wearable *** developing sensors for alcohol,the response time is an essential factor for many industrial and forensic applications,particularly when it comes to hand-held ***,we review recent developments in the applications of 2d materials in sensing alcohols along with a study on parameters that affect the sensing *** review also discusses the strategies used to develop the sensor along with their mechanisms of sensing and provides a critique of the current limitations of 2d materials-based alcohol sensors and an outlook for the future research required to overcome the challenges.

关键词： Sensors and biosensors Alcohol probes Electrochemical detectors Ethanol metabolites 2d materials

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THE CARE ANd FEEdING OF A LONG-TERM INSTITUTIONAL COMMITMENT TO GREEN STORMWATER INFRASTRUCTURE: A CASE STUdY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT

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Journal of Green Building 2015年第3期10卷 1-13页

作者： Michael E.dietz Chester L.Arnold Katie d.Milardo richard A.Miller Center for Land Use Education and Research at the University of Connecticut Office of Environmental Policy at the University of Connecticut

In 2007,the Connecticut department of Energy and Environmental Protection issued the first Total Maximum daily Load(TMdL)in the country based not on a specific pollutant or pollutants,but on impervious cover(IC)(Arnold et al.,2010).The water body in question was Eagleville Brook,a small tributary of the Willimantic River in eastern Connecticut that drains a majority of the University of Connecticut *** university is in effect a small city within a largely rural *** as a result of this,there has been a history of“town-gown”tension and controversy with regard to the university’s impact on the water resources of the *** tension reached a climax in September 2005,when a quarter-mile stretch of the Fenton River,which drains the part of campus not in the Eagleville watershed,ran dry(Merritt,2005).Water quantity concerns were frequently joined by water quality concerns,with area residents complaining about the pollution of their drinking water(Morse,2002).Although the Fenton incident precipitated increased efforts on the part of the university to conserve water,efforts to improve the way that campus addressed stormwater issues lagged behind until the advent of the impervious cover *** the intervening eight years since the issuance of the“IC-TMdL”-practically the wink of an eye in the deliberate world of land use decision making-the University of Connecticut campus has become a showcase for green stormwater infrastructure(GSI)practices,also known as low impact development(LId)*** the IC-TMdL served as the catalyst,an environmental regulation,no matter how innovative,cannot in itself produce such dramatic *** this to occur a number of interconnected efforts have to come together,including leadership,research,monitoring,coordination,and education both within and without the university *** paper is an attempt to capture these key elements,consider why they worked(or didn’t),and provide a status report on green storm-water

关键词： green stormwater infrastructure low impact development university

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Smart Cutting Tools and Smart Machining: development Approaches, and Their Implementation and Application Perspectives

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2017年第5期30卷 1162-1176页

作者： Kai Cheng Zhi-Chao Niu Robin C.Wang richard Rakowski richard Bateman College of Engineering Design and Physical SciencesBrunel University London

Smart machining has tremendous potential and is becoming one of new generation high value precision manufacturing technologies in line with the advance of Industry 4.0 concepts. This paper presents some innovative design concepts and, in particular, the development of four types of smart cutting tools, including a force-based smart cutting tool, a temperature-based internally-cooled cutting tool, a fast tool servo （FTS） and smart collets for ultra- precision and micro manufacturing purposes. Implemen- tation and application perspectives of these smart cutting tools are explored and discussed particularly for smart machining against a number of industrial application requirements. They are contamination-free machining, machining of tool-wear-prone Si-based infra-red devices and medical applications, high speed micro milling and micro drilling, etc. Furthermore, implementation tech- niques are presented focusing on：（a） plug-and-produce design principle and the associated smart control algo- rithms, （b） piezoelectric film and surface acoustic wave transducers to measure cutting forces in process, （c） critical cutting temperature control in real-time machining, （d） in- process calibration through machining trials, （e） FE-based design and analysis of smart cutting tools, and （f） applica- tion exemplars on adaptive smart machining.

关键词： Smart cutting tool Smart machining Fast toolservo (FFS) Precision machining Micro manufacturing Smart tooling

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High-Frequency Rayleigh-Wave Method

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Journal of China University of Geosciences 2009年第3期20卷 563-579页

作者： richard d Miller 徐义贤罗银河陈超刘江平 Julian Ivanov Kansas Geological Survey The University of KansasLawrence KS 66047 USA Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics China University of Geosciences Kansas Geological Survey The University of Kansas

High-frequency （〉2 Hz） Rayleigh-wave data acquired with a multichannel recording system have been utilized to determine shear （S）-wave velocities in near-surface geophysics since the early 1980s. This overview article discusses the main research results of high-frequency surface-wave techniques achieved by research groups at the Kansas Geological Survey and China University of Geosciences in the last 15 years. The multichannel analysis of surface wave （MASW） method is a non-invasive acoustic approach to estimate near-surface S-wave velocity. The differences between MASW results and direct borehole measurements are approximately 15% or less and random. Studies show that simultaneous inversion with higher modes and the fundamental mode can increase model resolution and an investigation depth. The other important seismic property, quality factor （Q）, can also be estimated with the MASW method by inverting attenuation coefficients of Rayleigh waves. An inverted model （S-wave velocity or Q） obtained using a damped least-squares method can be assessed by an optimal damping vector in a vicinity of the inverted model determined by an objective function, which is the trace of a weighted sum of model-resolution and model-covariance matrices. Current developments include modeUng high-frequency Rayleigh-waves in near-surface media, which builds a foundation for shallow seismic or Rayleigh-wave inversion in the time-offset domain; imaging dispersive energy with high resolution in the frequency-velocity domain and possibly with data in an arbitrary acquisition geometry, which opens a door for 3d surface-wave techniques; and successfully separating surface-wave modes, which provides a valuable tool to perform S-wave velocity profiling with high-horizontal resolution.

关键词： Rayleigh wave dispersion high mode mode separation seismic modeling model appraisal.

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Maturity-associated considerations for training load,injury risk,and physical performance in youth soccer:One size does not fit all

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第4期10卷 403-412页

作者： Chris Towlson Jamie Salter Jack d.Ade Kevin Enright Liam d.Harper richard M.Page James J.Malone department of Sport Health and Exercise ScienceUniversity of HullHull HU67RXUK School of Sport York St John UniversityYork YO317EXUK Liverpool FC Academy Liverpool Football ClubLiverpool L337EDUK Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences L3Liverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpool L33AUK Human and Health Sciences University of HuddersfieldHuddersfield HD13DHUK department of Sport and Physical Activity Edge Hill UniversityOrmskirk L394QPUK School of Health Sciences Liverpool Hope UniversityLiverpool L169JDUK

Biological maturation can be defined as the timing and tempo of progress to achieving a mature *** estimation of age of peak height velocity(PHV)or percentage of final estimated adult stature attainment(%EASA)is typically used to inform the training process in young *** youth soccer,maturity-related changes in anthropometric and physical fitness characteristics are diverse among individuals,particularly around *** this time,players are also at an increased risk of sustaining an overuse or growth-related *** a result,the implementation of training interventions can be *** purpose of this review was to(1)highlight and discuss many of the methods that can be used to estimate maturation in the applied setting and(2)discuss the implications of manipulating training load around PHV on physical development and injury *** have provided key stakeholders with a practical online tool for estimating player maturation status(Supplementary Maturity Estimation Tools).Whilst estimating maturity using predictive equations is useful in guiding the training process,practitioners should be aware of its *** increase the accuracy and usefulness of data,it is also vital that sports scientists implement reliable testing protocols at predetermined time-points.

关键词： Growth Injury Maturation Soccer Training

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