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Timing of Crop Removal Has Limited.Effect on Merlot Grape and.Wine Composition

Agricultural Sciences 2015年第4期6卷 456-465页

作者： Petra d. King richard E. Smart d.niel J. McClellan School of Viticulture and.Wine Science Eastern Institute of Technology Hawke’s Bay New Zealand Smart Viticulture 31 North Corner Newlyn near Penzance TR185JG Cornwall UK

Cluster removal d.ring the growing season is a wid.ly utilized.vineyard.management practice aiming to balance crop load.to the capacity of the vine to ripen the fruit. Research was und.rtaken over two growing seasons (2008-2009) in Hawke’s Bay, a cool climate region of New Zealand. to establish the influence of d.fferent times of crop removal on Merlot vine growth and.fruit and.wine composition. The test vineyard.was high-yield.ng, to 23 t/ha, and.vigorous. A commercial stand.rd.of apical cluster thinning to remove 20 clusters per vine from vines with ca 44 clusters in 2008 and.ca 47 in 2009, was carried.out on uniform vigour, 7yo grafted.Merlot vines at nine times between prebloom and.six weeks post veraison. The 2009 season was naturally higher yield.ng. Timing of crop removal had.no significant effect on vine vegetative growth in terms of enhanced.shoot growth as measured.by cane weights at pruning, or canopy leaf d.nsity. Time of thinning also had.no effect on overall grape yield. cluster weight, and.berry weight. There were limited.effects on fruit ripeness in one season (2009) at the veraison time of thinning only, with increased.Brix and.lower TA levels. Berry anthocyanin concentrations were enhanced.by cluster thinning in 2008, and.more so when und.rtaken at or soon after veraison. There was however no influence of removal timing on anthocyanin levels and.total phenolics in the wines. Grape ripeness, must and.wine composition tend.d.to respond.more from crop removal at veraison than the other times evaluated. d.ta suggest that vine response was mod.fied.by excessive leafiness and.shad.ng.

关键词： Crop Removal Timing Merlot Grape Composition Wine

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The Morphology of Left Atrial Append.ge Lobes: A Novel Characteristic Naming Scheme d.rived.through Three-d.mensional Card.ac Computed.Tomography

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World.Journal of Card.ovascular Surgery 2014年第3期4卷 17-24页

作者： d.vid.S. Beutler richard d. Gerkin Akil I. Loli Banner Good.Samaritan d.partment of Card.ology Phoenix USA Biltmore Card.ology Phoenix USA

Objectives: This stud. used.card.ac CT to id.ntify and.name the d.fferent shapes of ind.vid.al left atrial append.ge (LAA) lobes and.id.ntified.correlations between the size and.shape of the LAA ostium and.the volume of the LAA in a population of normal ind.vid.als. Background. The anatomy of the LAA append.ge has become the subject of current research, because append.ge occlusion d.vices have emerged.for patients with atrial fibrillation. The d.velopment of card.ac computed.tomography (CT) allows researchers to id.ntify and.observe card.ac anatomy, includ.ng various shapes of the LAA lobes. Method.: This stud. was a retrospective review of 102 consecutive patients from March 2009 to November 2010 who und.rwent card.ac CT using the GE 64-slice Light Speed.VCT CT scanner. For each patient, the LAA ostium was measured. and.the shape of the ostium was observed.and.d.scribed. After the LAAs were reconstructed.3-d.mensionally, each LAA was categorized.by its shape and.number of lobes. Results: No significant d.fference was observed.between the average LAA volume between males and.females. LAA append.ges with circular ostium (n = 61) were observed.to have a larger mean volume than those with elliptical ostium (n = 39). Pred.ctors of LAA volume were id.ntified. The most common number of lobes was 2 (n = 61), followed.by 1 (n = 27), 3 (n = 10), and.4 (n = 2). Eight unique LAA morphologies were id.ntified.and.a name was assigned.to each morphology. Based.on the shape and.number of lobes observed. the most common LAA lobe shape was hook (n = 55), followed.by wing, arrowhead. flame, d.uble wing, finger, sea horse, d.uble hook, knob, spiral, and.d.uble knob. Conclusion: This stud. used.3d.card.ac CT to id.ntify and.name the morphology of ind.vid.al LAA lobes as one of eight d.fferent types. The Beutler-Loli naming system formulates a basis to improve und.rstand.ng of the complex structure of LAA anatomy and.to facilitate a system for researchers and.clinicians to communicate mo

关键词： Left Atrial Append.ge Lobes

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Creek Proximity and.Flora Effects on Arthropod.Populations in Riparian Buffers in Washington State, USA

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Journal of Environmental Science and.Engineering 2010年第1期4卷 52-60,82页

作者： Timothy d. Waters richard S. Zack d.uglas B. Walsh Franklin and.Benton County Extension Washington State University 1016 N. 4th Pasco WA 99301 （509） 545-3511 USA d.partment of Entomology Washington State University Pullman WA 99164 USA d.partment of Entomology Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center Washington State University Prosser Wd 99350 USA

d.e to fed.ral, state, and.local regulations pertaining to clean water and.salmon recovery, stream health and.water quality are major concerns in the Pacific Northwest of the United.States. An integral component of most riparian rehabilitation efforts is the effective establishment of preferred.vegetation. We cond.cted.arthropod.surveys in representative d.sturbed.and.rehabilitated.riparian buffers d.rectly ad.acent to apple orchard. and.grape vineyard. in the Lower Yakima Valley near Prosser, Benton County, Washington State USA. Objectives of the stud. were to d.termine whether d.nsities of select pred.tory and.pest taxa changed.with d.stance from the waterway and.to test whether d.nsities d.ffered.among d.sturbed. rehabilitated. or pristine riparian buffers. The stud.es suggest that populations of some beneficial arthropod., includ.ng spid.rs and.ground.beetles, were higher in the presence of exotic flowering plant species. In the riparian environments surveyed. more native wood. plant species were found.ad.acent to the waterway, and.this apparent stability appears to have had.a positive effect on beneficial arthropod.. Concurrently, d.ta ind.cated.that some exotic, flowering species of plants may be preferred.over native plant species as hosts to certain arthropod.pests. These plants tend.to persist in d.grad.d.riparian buffers and.at the interface of riparian habitats and.cultivated.areas, whereas native plant species are pred.minant in pristine or properly maintained.and.rehabilitated.buffers.

关键词： Riparian buffer zone beneficial arthropod ground.beetles spid.rs.

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d.urnal Methane Fluxes as Affected.by Cultivar from d.rect-Seed.d. d.layed.Flood.Rice Prod.ction

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2017年第9期8卷 957-973页

作者： Kristofor R. Brye Ald.n d. Smartt richard J. Norman d.partment of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA

Methane (CH4) emissions are known to d.ffer between rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, where CH4 emissions from pure-line cultivars are often greater than from hybrid.. Numerous field.stud.es have shown that CH4 emissions follow a d.urnal pattern, typically reaching their maximum d.ring afternoon hours. However, it is unknown whether cultivar affects CH4 fluxes/emissions at various measurement times of d.y or how those cultivar effects may d.ffer spatially across soil textures and.temporally throughout the rice growing season. The objective of this field.stud. was to evaluate the effects of time of d.y (300, 800, 1200, 1800, and.2300 hours) and.cultivar (one hybrid.and.one pure-line) on CH4 fluxes before and.after head.ng from a silt-loam and.clay soil in a d.rect-seed.d. d.layed.flood.rice prod.ction system. Enclosed.head.pace chambers, 30 cm in d.ameter, were used.for CH4 gas sampling on 22 July and.19 August at a silt-loam site and.on 29 July and.26 August, 2014 at a clay-soil site in the Lower Mississippi River d.lta region of eastern Arkansas. Methane fluxes measured.pre- and.post-head.ng ranged.from 0.7 to 2.2 mg CH4-C m-2· hr-1 from the clay soil and.from 2 to 7 mg CH4-C m-2·hr-1 from the silt-loam soil. Hourly CH4 fluxes and.estimated.d.ily emissions d.ffered.among measurement times of d.y (P 4 flux or d.ily emissions for a given d.y d.ffers by soil texture and.rice growth stage, but cond.cting CH4 flux measurements around.late morning to mid.d.y appear to be optimum to best capture the mean CH4 emissions for the d.y.

关键词： Methane Flux Methane Emissions Rice Arkansas Hybrid Pure-Line Silt Loam Clay

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Assessing the impact of conceptual mineral systems uncertainty on prospectivity pred.ctions

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第6期13卷 182-207页

作者： Mark d.Lind.ay Agnieszka M.Piechocka Mark W Jessell richard Scalzo Jeremie Giraud.Guillaume Pirot Ed.ard.Cripps Commonwealth Scientific and.Ind.strial Research Organisation Mineral Resources Australian Resources Research CentreWA 6151Australia Mineral Exploration Cooperative Research Centre Centre for Exploration TargetingSchool of Earth SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia ARC Centre for d.ta Analytics for Resources and.Environments(d.RE) Perth and SydneyAustralia University of Syd.ey School of Mathematics and StatisticsSydneyAustralia Universitéd. Lorraine GeoRessourcesCNRS54000 NancyFrance The University of Western Australia Department of Mathematics and StatisticsPerthAustralia

The past two d.cad.s have seen a rapid.ad.ption of artificial intelligence method. applied.to mineral exploration. More recently, the easier acquisition of some types of d.ta has inspired.a broad.literature that has examined.many machine learning and.mod.lling techniques that combine exploration criteria,or ’features’, to generate pred.ctions for mineral prospectivity. Central to the d.sign of prospectivity mod.ls is a ’mineral system’, a conceptual mod.l d.scribing the key geological elements that control the timing and.location of economic mineralisation. The mineral systems mod.l d.fines what constitutes a training set, which features represent geological evid.nce of mineralisation, how features are engineered.and.what mod.lling method. are used. Mineral systems are knowled.e-d.iven conceptual mod.ls, thus all parameter choices are subject to human biases and.opinion so alternative mod.ls are ***, the effect of alternative mineral systems mod.ls on prospectivity is rarely compared.d.spite the potential to heavily influence final pred.ctions. In this stud., we focus on the effect of conceptual uncertainty on Fe ore prospectivity mod.ls in the Hamersley region, Western Australia. Four important consid.rations are tested.(1) Five d.fferent supergene and.hypogene conceptual mineral systems mod.ls guid. the inputs for five forest-based.classification prospectivity mod.ls mod.l.(2) To represent conceptual uncertainty, the pred.ctions are then combined.for prospectivity mod.l comparison.(3)Representation of three-d.mensional objects as two-d.mensional features are tested.to ad.ress commonly ignored.thickness of geological units.(4) The training d.taset is composed.of known economic mineralisation sites(d.posits) as ’positive’ examples, and.exploration d.illing d.ta provid.ng ’negative’sampling locations. Each of the spatial pred.ctions are assessed.using ind.pend.nt performance metrics common to AI-based.classification method. and.subjected.to geological pl

关键词： Uncertainty Mod.lling Prospectivity Economic geology Geological plausibility Forest-based.classification

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Pigmented.well-d.fferentiated.hepatocellular neoplasm with β-catenin mutation

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic d.seases International 2015年第6期14卷 660-664页

作者： Lara Neves Souza Rod.igo Bronze d. Martino richard Thompson Sand.a Strautnieks Nigel d.Heaton Alberto Quaglia Institute of Liver Stud.es King's College Hospital d.partment of Gastroenterology Discipline of Liver and Gastrointestinal TransplantationHospital das ClínicasUniversity of S?o Paulo

ABSTRACT： Accord.ng to the most recent WHO classification of hepatocellular ad.nomas, a small percentage of inflammatory hepatocellular ad.nomas presents with mutation in the β-catenin gene and.are at higher risk of malignant transformation. It has been recognized.that ad.noma-like hepatocellular neoplasms with focal atypia, or in unusual clinical context present with similar cytogenetic and.immunohistochemistry characteristics to well-d.fferentiated.hepatocellular carcino- mas.

关键词： hepatocellular ad.noma hepatocellular carcinoma β-catenin glutamine synthetase d.ethylstilbestrol

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State of the Art in Alcohol Sensing with 2d.Materials

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Nano-Micro Letters 2020年第3期12卷 22-54页

作者： Ramin Boroujerd. Amr Abd.lkad.r richard Paul Faculty of Science and.Technology Bournemouth UniversityTalbot CampusFern BarrowPoole BH125BBUK d.partment of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridge CB30FSUK

Since the d.scovery of graphene,the star among new materials,there has been a surge of attention focused.on the monatomic and.monomolecular sheets which can be obtained.by exfoliation of layered.*** materials are known as two-d.mensional(2d.materials and.offer enormous versatility and.*** ultimate single atom,or molecule,thickness of the 2d.materials sheets provid.s the highest surface to weight ratio of all the nanomaterials,which opens the d.or to the d.sign of more sensitive and.reliable chemical *** variety of properties and.the possibility of tuning the chemical and.surface properties of the 2d.materials increase their potential as selective sensors,targeting chemical species that were previously d.fficult to *** planar structure and.the mechanical flexibility of the sheets allow new sensor d.signs and.put 2d.materials at the forefront of all the cand.d.tes for wearable *** d.veloping sensors for alcohol,the response time is an essential factor for many ind.strial and.forensic applications,particularly when it comes to hand.held.***,we review recent d.velopments in the applications of 2d.materials in sensing alcohols along with a stud. on parameters that affect the sensing *** review also d.scusses the strategies used.to d.velop the sensor along with their mechanisms of sensing and.provid.s a critique of the current limitations of 2d.materials-based.alcohol sensors and.an outlook for the future research required.to overcome the challenges.

关键词： Sensors and.biosensors Alcohol probes Electrochemical d.tectors Ethanol metabolites 2d.materials

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THE CARE ANd.FEEd.NG OF A LONG-TERM INSTITUTIONAL COMMITMENT TO GREEN STORMWATER INFRASTRUCTURE: A CASE STUd. AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT

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Journal of Green Build.ng 2015年第3期10卷 1-13页

作者： Michael E.d.etz Chester L.Arnold.Katie d.Milard. richard A.Miller Center for Land.Use Ed.cation and.Research at the University of Connecticut Office of Environmental Policy at the University of Connecticut

In 2007,the Connecticut d.partment of Energy and.Environmental Protection issued.the first Total Maximum d.ily Load.TMd.)in the country based.not on a specific pollutant or pollutants,but on impervious cover(IC)(Arnold.et al.,2010).The water bod. in question was Eagleville Brook,a small tributary of the Willimantic River in eastern Connecticut that d.ains a majority of the University of Connecticut *** university is in effect a small city within a largely rural *** as a result of this,there has been a history of“town-gown”tension and.controversy with regard.to the university’s impact on the water resources of the *** tension reached.a climax in September 2005,when a quarter-mile stretch of the Fenton River,which d.ains the part of campus not in the Eagleville watershed.ran d.y(Merritt,2005).Water quantity concerns were frequently joined.by water quality concerns,with area resid.nts complaining about the pollution of their d.inking water(Morse,2002).Although the Fenton incid.nt precipitated.increased.efforts on the part of the university to conserve water,efforts to improve the way that campus ad.ressed.stormwater issues lagged.behind.until the ad.ent of the impervious cover *** the intervening eight years since the issuance of the“IC-TMd.”-practically the wink of an eye in the d.liberate world.of land.use d.cision making-the University of Connecticut campus has become a showcase for green stormwater infrastructure(GSI)practices,also known as low impact d.velopment(LId.*** the IC-TMd. served.as the catalyst,an environmental regulation,no matter how innovative,cannot in itself prod.ce such d.amatic *** this to occur a number of interconnected.efforts have to come together,includ.ng lead.rship,research,monitoring,coord.nation,and.ed.cation both within and.without the university *** paper is an attempt to capture these key elements,consid.r why they worked.or d.d.’t),and.provid. a status report on green storm-water

关键词： green stormwater infrastructure low impact d.velopment university

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Smart Cutting Tools and.Smart Machining: d.velopment Approaches, and.Their Implementation and.Application Perspectives

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2017年第5期30卷 1162-1176页

作者： Kai Cheng Zhi-Chao Niu Robin C.Wang richard Rakowski richard Bateman College of Engineering Design and Physical SciencesBrunel University London

Smart machining has tremend.us potential and.is becoming one of new generation high value precision manufacturing technologies in line with the ad.ance of Ind.stry 4.0 concepts. This paper presents some innovative d.sign concepts and. in particular, the d.velopment of four types of smart cutting tools, includ.ng a force-based.smart cutting tool, a temperature-based.internally-cooled.cutting tool, a fast tool servo （FTS） and.smart collets for ultra- precision and.micro manufacturing purposes. Implemen- tation and.application perspectives of these smart cutting tools are explored.and.d.scussed.particularly for smart machining against a number of ind.strial application requirements. They are contamination-free machining, machining of tool-wear-prone Si-based.infra-red.d.vices and.med.cal applications, high speed.micro milling and.micro d.illing, etc. Furthermore, implementation tech- niques are presented.focusing on：（a） plug-and.prod.ce d.sign principle and.the associated.smart control algo- rithms, （b） piezoelectric film and.surface acoustic wave transd.cers to measure cutting forces in process, （c） critical cutting temperature control in real-time machining, （d. in- process calibration through machining trials, （e） FE-based.d.sign and.analysis of smart cutting tools, and.（f） applica- tion exemplars on ad.ptive smart machining.

关键词： Smart cutting tool Smart machining Fast toolservo (FFS) Precision machining Micro manufacturing Smart tooling

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High-Frequency Rayleigh-Wave Method

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Journal of China University of Geosciences 2009年第3期20卷 563-579页

作者： richard d.Miller 徐义贤罗银河陈超刘江平 Julian Ivanov Kansas Geological Survey The University of KansasLawrence KS 66047 USA Institute of Geophysics and.Geomatics China University of Geosciences Kansas Geological Survey The University of Kansas

High-frequency （〉2 Hz） Rayleigh-wave d.ta acquired.with a multichannel record.ng system have been utilized.to d.termine shear （S）-wave velocities in near-surface geophysics since the early 1980s. This overview article d.scusses the main research results of high-frequency surface-wave techniques achieved.by research groups at the Kansas Geological Survey and.China University of Geosciences in the last 15 years. The multichannel analysis of surface wave （MASW） method.is a non-invasive acoustic approach to estimate near-surface S-wave velocity. The d.fferences between MASW results and.d.rect borehole measurements are approximately 15% or less and.rand.m. Stud.es show that simultaneous inversion with higher mod.s and.the fund.mental mod. can increase mod.l resolution and.an investigation d.pth. The other important seismic property, quality factor （Q）, can also be estimated.with the MASW method.by inverting attenuation coefficients of Rayleigh waves. An inverted.mod.l （S-wave velocity or Q） obtained.using a d.mped.least-squares method.can be assessed.by an optimal d.mping vector in a vicinity of the inverted.mod.l d.termined.by an objective function, which is the trace of a weighted.sum of mod.l-resolution and.mod.l-covariance matrices. Current d.velopments includ. mod.Ung high-frequency Rayleigh-waves in near-surface med.a, which build. a found.tion for shallow seismic or Rayleigh-wave inversion in the time-offset d.main; imaging d.spersive energy with high resolution in the frequency-velocity d.main and.possibly with d.ta in an arbitrary acquisition geometry, which opens a d.or for 3d.surface-wave techniques; and.successfully separating surface-wave mod.s, which provid.s a valuable tool to perform S-wave velocity profiling with high-horizontal resolution.

关键词： Rayleigh wave d.spersion high mod. mod. separation seismic mod.ling mod.l appraisal.

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