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A critical review of the fatigue life prediction of asphalt mixtures and pavements

Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2022年第5期9卷 808-835页

作者： Nithin Sudarsanan Youngsoo richard Kim Department of Civil Constructionand Environmental EngineeringNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA

New pavement construction techniques and the increased use of recycled materials have led to unexpected and premature pavement failure in recent *** pavement’s exposure to daily and seasonal extreme temperature and repeated vehicular loads accumulate *** cracking occurs once the cumulative damage surpasses the material’s cracking *** crack is the most common pavement cracking *** the past four decades,researchers have carried out numerous experiments and analyses to understand pavement *** paper aims to provide an overview of fatigue cracking and discuss various fatigue test methods for characterizing asphalt concrete *** article also discusses the most common phenomenological and mechanistic models for predicting the fatigue life of asphalt concrete pavements based on different fatigue test *** paper details the implementation of the commonly used numerical models found in numerical simulation software and their prediction ability for the fatigue life of a pavement *** major flaws in current evaluation methods are the sensitivity of experimental results and the lack of reliability of some predictive *** asphalt material characterization is the ongoing practice for determining the most appropriate performance evaluation ***,proceeding with future research objectives is unrealistic until the accuracy of the tests and reliability of the predictions can be verified against actual field *** critical review of the fatigue life predictions of asphalt mixtures and pavements should help to refine or redefine the right course of action for future research.

关键词： Fatigue cracking Failure criteria Fracture mechanics Simplified viscoelastic continuum damage(S-VECD)model Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guideline(MEPDG)

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Chemo-dynamical modelling with Schwarzschild's method

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2018年第12期18卷 1-8页

作者： richard John Long Shude Mao National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics School of Physics and Astronomy The University of Manchester Physics Department and Tsinghua Centre for Astrophysics Tsinghua University

We extend Schwarzschild’s dynamical modelling method to model absorption line strength data as well as the more usual luminosity and kinematic *** approach draws on earlier published work by the first author with the Syer & Tremaine made-to-measure(M2M) dynamical modelling method and uses similar ideas to create a chemo-Schwarzschild *** apply our extended Schwarzschild method to the same four early type galaxies(NGC 1248, NGC 3838, NGC 4452,NGC 4551) as the chemo-M2M work, and are able to recover successfully the 2D absorption line strength for the three lines we model(Hβ, Fe5015, Mg b).We believe that this is the first time Schwarzschild’s method has been used in this *** techniques developed can be applied to modelling other aspects of galaxies, for example age and metallicity data coming from stellar population modelling, and are not specific to absorption line strength data.

关键词： galaxies:abundances galaxies:formation galaxies:individual(NGC 1248,NGC 3838,NGC 4452,NGC 4551) galaxies:kinematics and dynamics galaxies:structure methods:numerical

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A composite particle swarm algorithm for global optimization of multimodal functions

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Journal of Central South University 2014年第5期21卷 1871-1880页

作者：谭冠政鲍琨 richard Maina Rimiru School of Information Science and Engineering Central South University

During the last decade, many variants of the original particle swarm optimization （PSO） algorithm have been proposed for global numerical optimization, hut they usually face many challenges such as low solution quality and slow convergence speed on multimodal function optimization. A composite particle swarm optimization （CPSO） for solving these difficulties is presented, in which a novel learning strategy plus an assisted search mechanism framework is used. Instead of simple learning strategy of the original PSO, the proposed CPSO combines one particle＇s historical best information and the global best information into one learning exemplar to guide the particle movement. The proposed learning strategy can reserve the original search information and lead to faster convergence speed. The proposed assisted search mechanism is designed to look for the global optimum. Search direction of particles can be greatly changed by this mechanism so that the algorithm has a large chance to escape from local optima. In order to make the assisted search mechanism more efficient and the algorithm more reliable, the executive probability of the assisted search mechanism is adjusted by the feedback of the improvement degree of optimal value after each iteration. According to the result of numerical experiments on multimodal benchmark functions such as Schwefel, Rastrigin, Ackley and Griewank both with and without coordinate rotation, the proposed CPSO offers faster convergence speed, higher quality solution and stronger robustness than other variants of PSO.

关键词： particle swarm algorithm global numerical optimization novel learning strategy assisted search mechanism feedbackprobability regulation

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Quantifying Likelihood in Digital Forensic Investigations

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2014年第6期21卷 1-4页

作者： richard E Overill Department of Informatics King's College LondonLondon WC2R 2LSUnited Kingdom

While the conventional forensic scientists routinely validate and express the results of their investigations quantitatively using statistical measures from probability theory,digital forensics examiners rarely if ever do *** this paper,we review some of the quantitative tools and techniques which are available for use in digital forensic investigations,including Bayesian networks,complexity theory,information theory and probability theory,and indicate how they may be used to obtain likelihood ratios or odds ratios for the relative plausibility of alternative explanations for the creation of the recovered digital *** potential benefits of such quantitative measures for modern digital forensics are also outlined.

关键词： likelihood ratio odds ratio Bayesian network power law statistics,probability theory complexity theory information theory

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Linking uplift and mineralisation at the Mount Novit Zn-Pb-Ag Deposit,Northern Australia:Evidence from geology,U-Pb geochronology and sphalerite geochemistry

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第2期13卷 333-350页

作者： Bradley Cave William Perkins richard Lilly Department of Earth Sciences University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia Geological Survey of Queensland BrisbaneQLDAustralia

The subeconomic Mount Novit Zn-Pb-Ag deposit is located approximately 20 km south of Mount Isa,*** contrast to the nearby Mount Isa,Hilton and George Fisher Zn-Pb-Ag deposits,mineralisation at Mount Novit is situated to the west of the regional-scale Mount Isa Fault and is hosted in the Moondarra Siltstone as opposed to the Urquhart ***-grade(10 wt.%Zn+Pb)mineralisation occurs as a matrix supported breccia dominated by sphalerite and pyrrhotite with galena,pyrite,and ***-situ U-Pb geochronology was completed on apatite and two textural varieties of ***-grained(10 ppm),possibly reflecting the leaching of the metals from an underlying basement *** GGIMFis geothermometer(Frenzel et al.,2016)produced a mean formation temperature of 345±52℃.The timing and temperature of Zn-Pb-Ag mineralisation is consistent with the age and cooling temperature of apatite presented in this *** on these correlations,we

关键词： Mount Isa Mount Novit Zn-Pb-Ag mineralisation Monazite Apatite Geochronology

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Cell transplantation to replace retinal ganglion cells faces challenges-the Switchboard Dilemma

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第6期16卷 1138-1143页

作者： Yuan Liu richard K.Lee Bascom Palmer Eye Institute University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA

The mammalian retina displays incomplete intrinsic regenerative capacities;therefore,retina degeneration is a major cause of irreversible blindness such as glaucoma,agerelated macular degeneration and diabetic *** diseases lead to the loss of retinal cells and serious vision loss in the late *** cell transplantation is a great promising novel treatment for these incurable retinal degenerative diseases and represents an exciting area of regenerative *** suitable stem cell sources for transplantation including human embryonic stem cells,induced pluripotent stem cells and adult stem cells have been identified as promising target ***,the retina is an elegant neuronal complex composed of various types of cells with different *** replacement of these different types of cells by transplantation should be addressed *** far,retinal pigment epithelium transplantation has achieved the most advanced stage of clinical trials,while transplantation of retinal neurons such as retinal ganglion cells and photoreceptors has been mostly studied in pre-clinical animal *** this review,we opine on the key problems that need to be addressed before stem cells transplantation,especially for replacing injured retinal ganglion cells,may be used practically for treatment.A key problem we have called the Switchboard Dilemma is a major block to have functional retinal ganglion cell *** use the public switchboard telephone network as an example to illustrate different difficulties for replacing damaged components in the retina that allow for visual *** ganglion cell transplantation is confronted by significant hurdles,because retinal ganglion cells receive signals from different interneurons,integrate and send signals to the correct targets of the visual system,which functions similar to the switchboard in a telephone network-therefore the Switchboard Dilemma.

关键词： cell transplantation optic nerve regeneration photoreceptors retina degeneration retinal ganglion cells stem cells

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Dynamic Scaling of the Generalized Complementary Relationship Improves Long-term Tendency Estimates in Land Evaporation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第9期37卷 975-986页

作者： Jozsef SZILAGYI richard CRAGO Ning MA Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering Budapest University of Technology H-1111Budapest Hungary Conservation and Survey Division School of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNebraska 68583USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Bucknell UniversityLewisburgPennsylvania 17837USA Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Most large-scale evapotranspiration(ET)estimation methods require detailed information of land use,land cover,and/or soil type on top of various atmospheric *** complementary relationship of evaporation(CR)takes advantage of the inherent dynamic feedback mechanisms found in the soil−vegetation−atmosphere interface for its estimation of ET rates without the need of such biogeophysical *** estimates over the conterminous United States by a new,globally calibrated,static scaling(GCR-stat)of the generalized complementary relationship(GCR)of evaporation were compared to similar estimates of an existing,calibration-free version(GCR-dyn)of the GCR that employs a temporally varying dynamic *** annual water balances of 327 medium and 18 large watersheds served as ground-truth ET *** long-term monthly mean forcing,GCR-stat(also utilizing precipitation measurements)outperforms GCR-dyn as the latter cannot fully take advantage of its dynamic scaling with such data of reduced temporal ***,in a continuous monthly simulation,GCR-dyn is on a par with GCR-stat,and especially excels in reproducing long-term tendencies in annual catchment ET rates even though it does not require precipitation *** same GCR-dyn estimates were also compared to similar estimates of eight other popular ET products and they generally outperform all of *** this reason,a dynamic scaling of the GCR is recommended over a static one for modeling long-term behavior of terrestrial ET.

关键词： land−atmosphere interactions land evaporation evapotranspiration complementary relationship of evaporation

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High Performance Electrically Small Huygens Rectennas Enable Wirelessly Powered Internet of Things Sensing Applications:A Review

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Engineering 2022年第4期8卷 42-59页

作者： Wei Lin richard W.Ziolkowski Global Big Data Technologies Centre School of Electrical and Data EngineeringUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNSW 2007Australia

Far-field wireless power transfer(WPT)is a major breakthrough technology that will enable the many anticipated ubiquitous Internet of Things(IoT)applications associated with fifth generation(5G),sixth generation(6G),and beyond wireless ***,which are the combination of rectifying circuits and antennas,are the most critical components in far-field WPT ***,compact application devices require even smaller integrated rectennas that simultaneously have large electromagnetic wave capture capabilities,high alternating current(AC)-to-direct current(DC)(AC-to-DC)conversion efficiencies,and facilitate a multifunctional wireless *** paper reviews various rectenna miniaturization techniques such as meandered planar inverted-F antenna(PIFA)rectennas;miniaturized monopole-and dipole-based rectennas;fractal loop and patch rectennas;dielectric-loaded rectennas;and electrically small near-field resonant parasitic *** performance characteristics are summarized and then compared with our previously developed electrically small Huygens rectennas that are proven to be more suitable for IoT *** have been tailored,for example,to achieve batteryfree IoT sensors as is demonstrated in this ***-free,wirelessly powered devices are smaller and lighter in weight in comparison to battery-powered ***,they are environmentally friendly and,hence,have a significant societal benefit.A series of high-performance electrically small Huygens rectennas are presented including Huygens linearly-polarized(HLP)and circularly-polarized(HCP)rectennas;wirelessly powered IoT sensors based on these designs;and a dual-functional HLP rectenna and antenna ***,two linear uniform HLP rectenna array systems are considered for significantly larger wireless power *** arrays illustrate how they can be integrated advantageously with DC or radio frequency(RF)power-combining schemes for practical IoT applications.

关键词： Antenna Array Cardioid pattern Electrically small antenna Huygens dipole antenna Internet of Things(IoT) Rectenna Rectifier circuit Wireless power transfer

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Single entity electrochemistry and the electron transfer kinetics of hydrazine oxidation

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Nano Research 2021年第11期14卷 4132-4139页

作者： Ruiyang Miao Lidong Shao richard G.Compton Department of Chemistry Physical and Theoretical Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX13QZUK Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power Shanghai University of Electric Power2103 Pingliang RoadShanghai200090China

The mechanism and kinetics of the electro-catalytic oxidation of hydrazine by graphene oxide platelets randomly decorated with palladium nanoparticles are deduced using single particle impact electrochemical measurements in buffered aqueous solutions across the pH range 2–11. Both hydrazine, N2H4, and protonated hydrazine N2H5+ are shown to be electroactive following Butler-Volmer kinetics, of which the relative contribution is strongly pH-dependent. The negligible interconversion between N2H4 and N2H5+ due to the sufficiently short timescale of the impact voltammetry, allows the analysis of the two electron transfer rates from impact signals thus reflecting the composition of the bulk solution at the pH in question. In this way the rate determining step in the oxidation of each specie is deduced to be a one electron step in which no protons are released and so likely corresponds to the initial formation of a very short-lived radical cation either in solution or adsorbed on the platelet. Overall the work establishes a generic method for the elucidation of the rate determining electron transfer in a multistep process free from any complexity imposed by preceding or following chemical reactions which occur on the timescale of conventional voltammetry.

关键词： single entity electrochemistry hydrazine electro-oxidation electro-catalysis graphene oxide palladium nanoparticles

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Luminescence of Er^(3+) in Oxyfluoride Transparent Glass-Ceramics

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Journal of Rare Earths 2006年第6期24卷 699-705页

作者： Akira Ueda Steven H Morgan richard Mu Department of Physics Fisk University NashvilleTN 37208 USA

Erbium doped silicate, germanate, and tellurium-germanate oxyfluoride glasses were prepared in a bulk form. Through appropriate heat treatment of the as-prepared glasses, transparent glass-ceramics （TGCs） were obtained with the formation of β-PbF2：Er^3＋ nanocrystals in the glass matrix were confirmed by X-ray ***-defined diffraction peaks were observed in the samples after heat-treatment. The average crystal diameter of these precipitated crystals from full-width at half-maximum （FWHM） of the diffraction peak was estimated to be between 8 and 13 nm. Optical absorption, photoluminescence, and upconversion luminescence were measured on as-prepared glass and glass-ceramics. Luminescence spectra in the TGC samples revealed well-resolved, sharp stark-splitting peaks, which indicates that a majority of Er^3＋ ions has been incorporated into the crystalline phase of the nanocrystals. The intensity of the visible and near infrared luminescence mostly increases in TSG compared to that in the as-prepared glass. In 1.53 μm absorption and emission bands, the maximum absorption peak is blue-shifted from 1531 to 1507 nm, whereas the maximum emission peak is redshifted from 1535 to 1543 nm in TGC, as compared with that in glass. The bandwidth at half-maximum （BWHM） of the emission band is significantly broader in TGC than in glass, which is beneficial to the erbium-doped fiber amplifier （EDFA）. Upconversion luminescence was measured using 800 nm near-infrared light excitation. Drastically increased upconversion 1 was observed from the TGC as compared to that from their corresponding as-prepared glasses. In addition to a strong green emission centered at 545 nm because of ^4S3/2→^4I15/2 transition and a weaker red emission centered at 662 nm because of ^4F9/2→^4I15/2 transition, generally seen from the Er^3＋ doped glasses, two violet emissions centered at 410 nm because of ^2H9/2→^4I15/2 transition and centered at 379 nm because of ^4G11/2→^4I15/2 transition were also o

关键词： luminescence transparent glass-ceramics rare earths

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