Cell transplantation to replace retinal ganglion cells faces challenges-the Switchboard Dilemma

作     者：Yuan Liu Richard K.Lee Yuan Liu;Richard K.Lee

作者机构：Bascom Palmer Eye InstituteUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA 

出 版 物：《Neural Regeneration Research》 (中国神经再生研究（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2021年第16卷第6期

页      面：1138-1143页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 1002[医学-临床医学] 1001[医学-基础医学(可授医学、理学学位)] 100212[医学-眼科学] 10[医学] 

基　　金：supported by the NIH Center Core Grant,No.P30EY014801(to Bascom Palmer Eye Institute)and a Research to Prevent Blindness Unrestricted Grant(to Bascom Palmer Eye Institute) the Walter G.Ross Foundation(to RKL) 

主　　题：cell transplantation optic nerve regeneration photoreceptors retina degeneration retinal ganglion cells stem cells 

摘      要：The mammalian retina displays incomplete intrinsic regenerative capacities;therefore,retina degeneration is a major cause of irreversible blindness such as glaucoma,agerelated macular degeneration and diabetic *** diseases lead to the loss of retinal cells and serious vision loss in the late *** cell transplantation is a great promising novel treatment for these incurable retinal degenerative diseases and represents an exciting area of regenerative *** suitable stem cell sources for transplantation including human embryonic stem cells,induced pluripotent stem cells and adult stem cells have been identified as promising target ***,the retina is an elegant neuronal complex composed of various types of cells with different *** replacement of these different types of cells by transplantation should be addressed *** far,retinal pigment epithelium transplantation has achieved the most advanced stage of clinical trials,while transplantation of retinal neurons such as retinal ganglion cells and photoreceptors has been mostly studied in pre-clinical animal *** this review,we opine on the key problems that need to be addressed before stem cells transplantation,especially for replacing injured retinal ganglion cells,may be used practically for treatment.A key problem we have called the Switchboard Dilemma is a major block to have functional retinal ganglion cell *** use the public switchboard telephone network as an example to illustrate different difficulties for replacing damaged components in the retina that allow for visual *** ganglion cell transplantation is confronted by significant hurdles,because retinal ganglion cells receive signals from different interneurons,integrate and send signals to the correct targets of the visual system,which functions similar to the switchboard in a telephone network-therefore the Switchboard Dilemma.