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A New Perspective of the Physical Processes Associated with the Clear-Sky Greenhouse Effect over High Latitudes

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2004年第2期21卷 171-180页

作者： Zuohao CA0 Ronald E．stewart M．K．YAU MeteorologicalServiceofCanada，Ontario，Canada DepartmentofAtmosphericandOceanicSciences，McGillUniversityMontreal，Quebec，Canada

The physical processes associated with the clear-sky greenhouse effect in the presence of water vapor are examined by including surface emissivity in the greenhouse effect formulation, and by introducing a new way to partition physical processes of the greenhouse effect. In this new framework, it is found that the clear-sky greenhouse effect is governed by three physical processes associated with (1) the temperature contrast between the surface and the atmosphere, (2) the interaction between the surface emissivity and the temperature contrast, and (3) the surface emissivity. The importance of the three physical processes is assessed by computing their vertical and spectral variations far the subarctic winter and summer standard atmosphere using the radiation model MODTRAN3 (Moderate Resolution Transmittance code Version 3). The results show that the process associated with the temperature contrast between the surface and the atmosphere dominates over the other two processes in magnitude. The magnitude of this process has substantial variations in the spectral region of 1250 to 1880 cm-1 and in the far infrared region. Due to the low-level temperature inversion over the subarctic winter, there exists a negative contribution to the greenhouse trapping. The seasonal variations are, however, dominated by the processes associated with the interaction between the surface emissivity and the temperature contrast as well as the surface emissivity itself. The magnitudes of these two physical processes contributing to the greenhouse trapping over the subarctic winter are about 7 to 10 times of those over the subarctic summer, whereas the magnitude of the processes associated with the temperature contrast in the subarctic summer is only about 2 times of that in the subarctic winter.

关键词： greenhouse effect surface ernissivity physical processe high latitude seasonal variation

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Reproductive biology of largehead hairtail(Trichiurus lepturus)in south-eastern Australia

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2023年第2期8卷 148-158页

作者： Chantelle Clain John stewart Ashley Fowler Sandra Diamond School of Science Western Sydney UniversityLocked Bag 1797PenrithNSW2751Australia NSW Department of Primary Industries Sydney Institute of Marine ScienceChowder Bay RoadMosmanNSW2088Australia

Knowledge of reproductive biology and life-history traits of populations exploited by fisheries is important for their sustainable *** investigated the life-history traits of Trichiurus lepturus(largehead hairtail)in south-eastern Australia;a region of low exploitation for this otherwise heavily exploited circumglobal species,to investigate whether there were differences in the reproductive biology and life-history traits in the south-east Australian population compared with those in other *** also used histological sections to examine male and female gonads at a microscopic *** lepturus in south-eastern Australia had a greater maximum length(193 cm total length(TL)),matured at a larger length(108 cm TL at 50%mature)and had a spawning period(March to September,Austral winter)that was inconsistent with other *** overall sex ratio of 1:0.4 females:males was consistent with a female dominant sex ratio observed in other regions,particularly in larger length ***,females in the current study dominated samples from both estuarine and coastal habitats,as well as during the spawning and non-spawning periods,which is not consistent with the patterns found in other *** in south-eastern Australia may relate to limited fishing pressure,genetic variation,or differences in environmental factors that influence reproductive development,including temperature,trophic resources and habitat.

关键词： Fisheries Length at maturity Histology Spawning period Sex ratio Trichiurus

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Low-carbon city communication:Integrated strategies for urban and rural municipalities in Thailand

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2020年第1期18卷 16-25页

作者： Sukanya Sereenonchai Noppol Arunrat Thomas Neal stewart Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies Mahidol UniversitySalayaNakhon Pathom73170Thailand

As an important sustainable development goal,the creation of low-carbon cities(LCCs)has become crucial to creating livable cities and environmental ***,we aimed to understand the factors that support the transition of traditional cities to LCCs,by analyzing and synthesizing how to promote practical LCC across 15 pilot municipalities in four regions of Thailand,covering four strategies:City of Trees,City of Waste Minimization,City of Energy Efficiency,and City of Sustainable *** research,in-depth interviews,and observations were employed for data collection,while the 5W(who,says what,in which channel,to whom,and with what effect)and SMCR(sender,message,channel,and receiver)models were used to create a communication analysis *** revealed that the effective activities of municipalities should increase tree planting and implement more serious regulations for the conservation of existing *** compost and establishing waste recycling banks are recommended for rural municipalities,while optimization of garbage and wastewater management systems and facilities should be highlighted in urban ***,recycling,low-carbon agriculture,second-hand shops/markets,green markets,and homegrown vegetables should be encouraged for sustainable *** with local municipalities,credible leaders and representatives were the key ***,message design should compare the pros and cons of behaviors,connect with local health and tourism,and promote dialogue in easy-to-understand and thought-provoking *** that drive LCC should have an excellent understanding of LCC practice and its benefits,be public-minded,and have a desire to live in a good environment.

关键词： Low-carbon city Low-carbon communication Integrated strategies Urban and rural municipalities Thailand

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Calculation and interpretation of classical turning surfaces in solids

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 229-238页

作者： Aaron D.Kaplan stewart J.Clark Kieron Burke John P.Perdew Department of Physics Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19122USA Centre for Materials Physics Durham UniversityDurham DH13LEUK Departments of Chemistry and Physics University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA Departments of Physics and Chemistry Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19122USA

Classical turning surfaces of Kohn–Sham potentials separate classically allowed regions(CARs)from classically forbidden regions(CFRs).They are useful for understanding many chemical properties of molecules but need not exist in solids,where the density never decays to *** equilibrium geometries,we find that CFRs are absent in perfect metals,rare in covalent semiconductors at equilibrium,but common in ionic and molecular *** all materials,CFRs appear or grow as the internuclear distances are uniformly *** can also appear at a monovacancy in a *** with several approximate density functionals and codes confirm these behaviors.A classical picture of conduction suggests that CARs should be connected in metals,and disconnected in wide-gap insulators,and is confirmed in the limits of extreme compression and ***,many semiconductors have no CFR at equilibrium,a key finding for density functional ***,a strong correlation with insulating behavior can still be ***,equilibrium bond lengths for all cases can be estimated from the bond type and the sum of the classical turning radii of the free atoms or ions.

关键词： turning solids expanded

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Electrical breakdown of an acrylic dielectric elastomer: effects of hemispherical probing electrode’s size and force

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2015年第4期6卷 290-303页

作者： Bin Chen Matthias Kollosche Mark stewart James Busfield Federico Carpi School of Engineering and Materials Science Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK Materials Division National Physical LaboratoryTeddingtonUK Institute of Physics and Astronomy University of PotsdamPotsdamGermany

Dielectric elastomers are widely investigated as soft electromechanically active polymers(EAPs)for actuators,stretch/force sensors,and mechanical energy harvesters to generate *** the performance of such devices is limited by the dielectric strength of the constitutive material,the electrical breakdown of soft elastomers for electromechanical transduction is still scarcely ***,we describe a custom-made setup to measure electrical breakdown of soft EAPs,and we present data for a widely studied acrylic elastomer(VHB 4905 from 3M).The elastomer was electrically stimulated via a planar and a hemispherical metal *** breakdown was characterized under different conditions to investigate the effects of the radius of curvature and applied force of the hemispherical *** a given radius of curvature,the breakdown field increased by about 50% for a nearly 10-fold increase of the applied mechanical stress,while with a given mechanical stress the breakdown field increased by about 20% for an approximately two fold increase of the radius of *** results indicate that the breakdown field is highly dependent on the boundary conditions,suggesting the need for reporting breakdown data always in close association with the measurement *** findings might help future investigations in elucidating the ultimate breakdown mechanism/s of soft elastomers.

关键词： actuator EAP electromechanically active polymer dielectric elastomer dielectric strength electric breakdown hemispherical electrode curvature force

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Long-term cost and efficacy analysis of latanoprost versus timolol in glaucoma patients in Germany

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2013年第2期6卷 155-159页

作者： Ulrich Thelen Dietmar Schnober Sonja Schlzel Michael S.Kristoffersen Lindsay A.Nelson Jeanette A.stewart William C.stewart Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat AugenarztpraxisMünster Germany Augenarzt Werdohl Germany Department of Surgery Institutes of Molecular Medicine University of Freiburg PRN Pharmaceutical Research Network LLC Cheyenne WY USA

AIM: To evaluate 5-year effectiveness and cos between latanoprost or timolol monotherapy in a pilot ***: A retrospective, multi-center trial performed at 6 sites in Germany of patients who had a diagnosis of primary open-angle or pigmentary glaucoma, in at least one eye, initiated on monotherapy with latanoprost or timolol maleate. Qualified consecutive charts were reviewed in which 5-year efficacy, safety and cost data was ***: Seventy-seven latanoprost and 49 timolo patients were included, at the final visit no difference existed between the two groups in disc parameters including: rim area, rim area/disc area ratio, cup volume or vertical cup/disc ratio (P >0.05). There was no difference in intraocular pressure (IOP) between the initial latanoprost (17.4 ±2.6) and timolol (16.3 ±2.8mmHg) groups. There was less change in medicines over the follow-up period (0.1 vs 0.8) and fewer medications at the final visit (1.2 vs 1.8) with latanoprost compared to timolol. No patient treated with latanoprost discontinued therapy during follow-up, while 12% discontinued timolol mostly due to inadequate IOP control. Cost/year was less with initial timolol ($458±236) as compared to latanoprost ($552±202). CONCLUSION: Patients begun on latanoprost o timolol and followed over 5 years may have similar clinical outcomes. However, timolol patients may require more medicines and medicine changes to control IOP for long-term, but at a lower cost.

关键词： glaucoma economic efficacy safety latanoprost timolol Germany

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stewart''s Calculus 交互学习微积分

引用

2008年

作者： James stewart.

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Therapeutic implications of advanced age at time of spinal cord injury

引用

Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第11期14卷 1895-1896页

作者： Andrew N. stewart John C. Gensel Bei Zhang Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKYUSA College of Public Health Shaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXianyangShaanxi ProvinceChina

A recent demographic shift towards increased age at time of spinal cord injury (SCI), as well as decreased functional recovery following SCI in older populations, create the need to investigate how age effects SCI pathology and repair (Scivoletto et al., 2003). While decreased neuroplasticity or physical strength with age may contribute to functional deficits, work from our lab and others have identified exacerbated acute inflammatory events as contributors to age-dependent secondary injury. Specifically, our recent paper identified that increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from macrophage nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) with age exacerbates secondary injury after SCI (Zhang et al., 2019).

关键词： spinal cord injury nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH) reactive oxygen species(ROS)

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Outage Detection for Distribution Networks Using Limited Number of Power Flow Measurements

引用

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2020年第2期8卷 315-324页

作者： Basel Alnajjab Ananth Narayan Samudrala Chen Chen Rick S.Blum Soummya Kar Emma M.stewart the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lehigh UniversityBethlehemPA18015USA the School of Electrical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049 the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburgh.PA15213USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA94550USA

Accurate topology estimation is crucial for effectively operating modern distribution *** outages in a distribution network change the network topology by disconnecting some parts of the network from the main *** this paper,an outage detection(or topology estimation)algorithm for radial distribution networks is *** algorithm utilizes noisy power flow measurements collected from a subset of lines in the network,and statistical information characterizing errors in forecasting load ***,a sensor placement scheme is *** sensor placement provides critical sensing for the outage detection algorithm so that any number of possible outages in the network can be *** performance of the proposed outage detection algorithm using the proposed sensor placement is demonstrated through several numerical results on the IEEE 123-node test feeder.

关键词： Outage detection distribution networks maximum likelihood(ML)detection sensor placement

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Principles of corporate finance 6th ed.

Principles of corporate finance

引用

2000年

作者： richard A. Brealey stewart C. Myers

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN: (纸本)0072504668

Includes bibliographical references and index.

关键词： Corporations

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