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Plant–water relations at multiple scales:integration from observations,modeling and remote sensing

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2011年第1期4卷 1-2页

作者： richard h.Waring Jiquan Chen huilin Gao College of Forestry Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA Department of Environmental Sciences University of ToledoToledoOH 43606USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195-2700USA

Water is a unique substance because there is no substitute for the support of *** expanding demand of the world’s growing population and economy,combined with climate change,attempts are underway to reduce water use from both managed and natural ***,plant–water relations are assessed by field experiments and extrapolated through remote sensing and modeling *** overarching challenge,thus,is to understand the basic interactions between plants and their environment well enough to predict responses regionally and globally,both now and in the *** authors of this special issue share their insights to help bridge these gaps,and thereby speed the integration of plant–water relations to make more reliable and soundly based predictions at multiple spatial *** special issue contains nine papers that use a combination of observations,models,and remote sensing to interpret the role that plants as individuals,communities and components of the landscape play in the hydrologic cycle.

关键词： integration scales thereby

Screening and Purification of Natural Products from Actinomycetes that Induce a“Rounded”Morphological Phenotype in Fission Yeast

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2021年第4期11卷 431-445页

作者： richard Alexander Lewis Jenileima Devi Katherine Green Juanjuan Li Adam hopkins Jacqueline hayles Paul Nurse Jeff Errington Nicholas Edward ellis Allenby Demuris Ltd The BiosphereDraymans WayNewcastle HelixNewcastle upon Tyne NE45BXUK University of Southampton University RoadSouthampton SO171BJUK Cell Cycle Laboratory The Francis Crick Institute1 Midland RoadLondon NW11ATUK

This study was designed to identify and investigate bioactive natural product compounds that alter the cellular shape of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and induce a“rounded”or“small”cellular morphological *** using a range of antifungal agents against a multidrug-sensitive fission yeast strain,SAK950 showed that many induced a“rounded”*** then investigated whether 46 of the actinomycete strains identified in our previous study as inducing a similar phenotype produced antifungal agents of similar *** show that five of the strains produced streptothricin and that 26 strains produced polyenes,including fungichromin,filipin and candicidin,the last of which was produced by 24 strains.A taxonomic study of the strains indicated that the majority of the candicidin only producers were Streptomyces hydrogenans and *** whilst those that additionally produced streptothricin were related to ***.A follow-up study to investigate the natural products made by related strains indicated that they followed a similar *** identification of several compounds from the actinomycete strains similar to the antifungal agents initially tested confirm the validity of an approach using the *** morphological phenotype and actinomycete taxonomy as a predictive tool for natural product identification.

关键词： Actinomycetes Schizosaccharomyces pombe Morphology Phenotype Antifungal Polyene

Monocyte/Macrophage-Mediated Innate Immunity in hIV-1 Infection:From Early Response to Late Dysregulation and Links to Cardiovascular Diseases Onset

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Virologica Sinica 2021年第4期36卷 565-576页

作者： Eman Teer Danzil E.Joseph richard h.Glashoff M.Faadiel Essop Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa(CARMA) Department of Physiological SciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch 7600South Africa Division of Medical Microbiology&Immunology Department of PathologyStellenbosch University and NHLSCape Town 7505South Africa

Although monocytes and macrophages are key mediators of the innate immune system,the focus has largely been on the role of the adaptive immune system in the context of human immunodeficiency virus(hIV)*** more attention and research work regarding the innate immune system-especially the role of monocytes and macrophages during early hIV-1 infection-is *** monocytes and tissue macrophages are both susceptible targets of hIV-1 infection,and the early host response can determine whether the nature of the infection becomes pathogenic or *** example,monocytes and macrophages can contribute to the hIV reservoir and viral persistence,and influence the initiation/extension of immune activation and chronic *** the expansion of monocyte subsets(classical,intermediate and non-classical)provide an increased understanding of the crucial role they play in terms of chronic inflammation and also by increasing the risk of coagulation during hIV-1 *** review discusses the role of monocytes and macrophages during hIV-1 pathogenesis,starting from the early response to late dysregulation that occurs as a result of persistent immune activation and chronic *** changes are also linked to downstream targets such as increased coagulation and the onset of cardiovascular diseases.

关键词： Monocytes human immunodeficiency virus(hIV) Persistent immune activation Coagulation Cardiovascular diseases(CVD)

Multiple radial phosphorus segregations in GaAsP core-shell nanowires

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Nano Research 2021年第1期14卷 157-164页

作者： h.Aruni Fonseka Yunyan Zhang James A.Gott richard Beanland huiyun Liu Ana M.Sanchez Department of Physics University of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUK Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University College LondonLondon WC1E 7JEUK

highly faceted geometries such as nanowires are prone toform self-formed features,especially those that are driven by *** these features is important in preventing their formation,understanding their effects on nanowire properties,or engineering them for *** elemental segregation lines that run along the radii of the hexagonal cross-section have been a common observation in alloy semiconductor ***,in GaAsP nanowires,two additional P rich bands are formed on either side of the primary band,resulting in a total of three segregation bands in the vicinity of three of the alternating *** bands are less intense than the primary band and their formation can be attributed to the inclined nanofacets that form in the vicinity of the *** formation of the secondary bands requires a higher composition of P in the shell,and to be grown under conditions that increase the diffusivity difference between As and ***,it is observed that the primary band can split into two narrow and parallel *** can take place in all six radii,making the cross sections to have up to a maximum of 18 radial segregation *** controlled growth,these features could be exploited to assemble multiple different quantum structures in a new dimension(circumferential direction)within nanowires.

关键词： compound semiconductor alloys radial segregations three-fold symmetry surface chemical potential

Changing climate patterns risk the spread of Varroa destructor infestation of African honey bees in Tanzania

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 553-563页

作者： richard A.Giliba Issa h.Mpinga Sood A.Ndimuligo Mathew M.Mpanda School of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and TechnologyP.O.Box 447ArushaTanzania Beekeeping Training Institute P.O.Box 62TaboraTanzania Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis(CEES) Department of BiosciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Background:Climate change creates opportune conditions that favour the spread of pests and diseases outside their known active *** climate change scenarios is oftentimes useful tool to assess the climate analogues to unveil the potential risk of spreading suitability conditions for pests and diseases and hence allows development of appropriate responses to address the impending *** the current study,we modelled the impact of climate change on the distribution of Varroa destructor,a parasitic mite that attacks all life forms of honey bees and remains a significant threat to their survival and productivity of bee products in Tanzania and ***:The data about the presence of *** were collected in eight regions of Tanzania selected in consideration of several factors including potentials for beekeeping activities,elevation(highlands ***)and differences in climatic conditions.A total of 19 bioclimatic datasets covering the entire country were used for developing climate scenarios of mid-century 2055 and late-century 2085 for both rcp4.5 and *** thereafter modelled the current and future risk distribution of *** using ***:The results indicated a model performance of AUC=0.85,with mean diurnal range in temperature(Bio2,43.9%),mean temperature(Bio1,20.6%)and mean annual rainfall(Bio12,11.7%)as the important *** risk projections indicated mixed responses of the potential risk of spreads of ***,exhibiting both decrease and increases in the mid-century 2055 and late-century 2085 on different ***,there is a general decline of highly suitable areas of *** in mid-and late-century across all scenarios(rcp4.5 and rcp8.5).The moderately suitable areas indicated a mixed response in mid-century with decline(under rcp4.5)and increase(under rcp8.5)and consistent increase in late *** marginally suitable areas show a decline in mid-century and increase in late-centu

关键词： Apis mellifera Apiculture Varroa destructor honey bee diseases

Proximal gastric motility in critically ill patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第2期13卷 270-275页

作者： Nam Q Nguyen Robert J Fraser Laura K Bryant Marianne Chapman richard h holloway Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and General Medicine Royal Adelaide Hospital South Australia Investigation and Procedures Unit Repatriation General Hospital South Australia Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Royal Adelaide Hospital South Australia

AIM： To investigate the proximal gastric motor response to duodenal nutrients in critically ill patients with longstanding type 2 diabetes ***： Proximal gastric motility was assessed （using a barostat） in 10 critically ill patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （59±3 years） during two 60-min duodenal infusions of Ensure （1 and 2 kcal/min）, in random order, separated by 2h fasting. Data were compared with 15 non-diabetic critically ill patients （48 ± 5 years） and 10 healthy volunteers （28 ±3 years）. RESULTS： Baseline proximal gastric volumes were similar between the three groups. In diabetic patients, proximal gastric relaxation during I kcal/min nutrient infusion was similar to non-diabetic patients and healthy controls. In contrast, relaxation during 2 kcal/ min infusion was initially reduced in diabetic patients （P 〈 0.05） but increased to a level similar to healthy humans, unlike non-diabetic patients where relaxation was impaired throughout the infusion. Duodenal nutrient stimulation reduced the fundic wave frequency in a dose-dependent fashion in both the critically ill diabetic patients and healthy subjects, but not in critically ill patients without diabetes. Fundic wave frequency in diabetic patients and healthy subjects was greater than in non-diabetic ***： In patients with diabetes mellitus, proximal gastric motility is less disturbed than nondiabetic patients during critical illness, suggesting that these patients may not be at greater risk of delayed gastric emptying.

关键词： Proximal gastric function Diabetes mellitus type 2 Critical illness Enteral nutrition

In situ differential scanning calorimetry analysis of dissolution and precipitation kinetics in Mg-Y-RE alloy WE43

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2019年第1期7卷 1-14页

作者： Benjamin Milkereit Lydia Burgschat richard h.Kemsies Armin Springer Christoph Schick Olaf Kessler Chair of Materials Science Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine TechnologyUniversity of RostockGermany Competence CentreCALOR-Calorimetry and Thermal Analysis Rostock Department LifeLight&MatterInterdisciplinary FacultyUniversity of RostockGermany Medical Biology and Electron Microscope Centre University Medical Centre RostockGermany Institute of Physics Polymer Physics GroupUniversity of RostockGermany

Further development of our differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)method for the analysis of solid-solid phase transformations now also allows for its application in the kinetic analysis of age hardening in Mg *** a result,the state-of-the-art for DSC on Mg alloys has been improved with respect to the accessible temperature range,zero-level accuracy and dynamic *** analysis was performed on the example of Mg wrought alloy *** DSC experiments on the initial condition T4 and even direct continuous cooling DSC analysis on the kinetics of quench induced precipitation during cooling from solution treatment were possible,covering a dynamic range of 0.01-3 K/*** DSC findings are discussed with respect to literature knowledge and scanning electron microscopy analysis of the defined heat treatment states.

关键词： Precipitation Dissolution Kinetics DSC Magnesium alloy WE43 SEM Quench induced precipitation Continuous cooling

Population genetics and breeding system of Tupistra pingbianensis (Liliaceae),a naturally rare plant endemic to SW China

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2010年第1期48卷 47-57页

作者： richard Ian MILNE Division of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology School of BiologyUniversity of St.AndrewsSt.AndrewsFife KY16 9THUK

The levels and partitioning of genetic diversity and inbreeding depression were investigated in Tupistra pingbianensis,a narrow endemic of southeast Yunnan,China,characterized by a naturally fragmented distribution due to extreme specialization on a rare habitat *** genetic diversity and patterns of genetic variation within and among 11 populations were analyzed using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers with 97 individuals across its whole geographical *** levels of genetic variation were revealed both at the species level(P 99 = 96.012%;h t = 0.302) and at the population level(P 99 = 51.41%;h s = 0.224).Strong genetic differentiation among populations was also detected(F ST = 0.2961;θⅡ = 0.281),which corresponded to results reported for typical animal-pollinated,mixed selfing,and outcrossing plant *** result was consistent with mating patterns detected by our pollination *** indirect estimate of gene flow based on θⅡ was low(N m = 0.64).Special habitat and its life history traits might play an important role in shaping the genetic diversity and the genetic structure of this species.A pollination experiment also failed to detect significant inbreeding depression upon F 1 fruit set,seed weight,and germinate rate *** a naturally rare species,*** is not seriously genetically impoverished and likely to have adapted to tolerating a high level of inbreeding early in its history,we propose this species need only periodic monitoring to ensure their continued persistence,but not intervention to remain viable.

关键词： AFLP genetic diversity genetic structure inbreeding depression naturally rare plants Tupistra pingbianensis.

Demography, reproductive biology and diet of the bushveld gerbil Tatera leucogaster (Rodentia: Gerbillinae) in the Lake Rukwa valley, south-western Tanzania

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Integrative Zoology 2008年第1期3卷 31-37页

作者： richard O.ODhIAMBO Rhodes h.MAKUNDI herwig LEIRS Ron VERhAGEN Pest Management Centre Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Evolutionary Biology Department of BiologyUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Danish Pest Infestation Laboratory Danish Institute of Agricultural SciencesKongens LyngbyDenmark

Seasonal abundance, reproductive biology and feeding ecology of the bushveld gerbil Tatera leucogaster (Peters,1852) were investigated in small-scale maize field–fallow land mosaics in south-western Tanzania. The gerbilswere collected over a 2-year period using Sherman live and Victor hold-fast snap traps in permanent 4.5-ha grids. Atotal of 664 individuals were captured over 13 650 trap nights, giving an overall trap success rate of 4.9%. Trapsuccess varied between seasons with and without crops in the field but not between habitat types. At this site, thebreeding activity of this species is seasonal. All individuals whose stomachs were analyzed ate a wide range ofitems, indicating omnivory in this species at this site;however, seeds were the most preferred diet category, with amean contribution of 50.4%, followed by arthropods, with a mean contribution of 25.7%. Other plant materialsbecame important during the very dry periods.

关键词： feeding ecology reproduction seasonal abundance Tanzania Tatera leucogaster