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Conve.tive.Rainfall Syste.s in the.La Plata Basin

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Atmosphe.ic and Climate.Scie.ce. 2014年第4期4卷 757-778页

作者： Augusto J. Pe.e.ra Filho richard e. carbone John D. Tuttle Unive.sity of S&atilde o Paulo Institute of Astronomy Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences Department of Atmospheric Sciences S&atilde o Paulo Brazil National Ce.te. for Atmosphe.ic Re.e.rch Colorado USA

Hourly rainfall e.timate. from inte.rate. sate.lite.data are.use. to build a dynamically base. climatology of conve.tive.y ge.e.ate. rainfall across the.La Plata Basin in South Ame.ica and adjace.t oce.ns. He.e.n, the.focus of this manuscript is on 20S to 35S, including the.Ande. cordille.a. e.phasis is place. on rainfall re.ulting from organize. conve.tive.re.ime. which are.known to produce.the.majority of se.sonal rainfall in Southe.n South Ame.ica and othe. contine.ts. The.statistical characte.istics of individual e.e.ts are.quantifie. and e.amine. with re.pe.t to re.ional atmosphe.ic conditions. Among the.factors conside.e. are.ste.ring winds and wind she.r, conve.tive.available.pote.tial e.e.gy (CAPe., localize. se.sible.and late.t he.t source. ove. mountains and we.lands (Chaco), and the.occurre.ce.of baroclinic wave. such as mid-latitude.je. stre.m transie.t disturbance.. Forcing and conve.tive.trigge.ing me.hanisms are.infe.re. from the.diagnosis of syste.atic patte.ns as e.ide.ce. in the.contine.tal diurnal cycle.and longe. pe.iods of natural variability. The.diurnal cycle.of rainfall is e.pe.ially informative.with re.pe.t to the.fre.ue.cy and phase.of rainfall associate. with long-live. propagating rainfall “e.isode.”. Similar to findings in tropical northe.n Africa and tropical northe.n Australia, the.e.is a strong pre.e.ce.of organize. conve.tion, which can propagate.zonally hundre.s to thousands of km as a cohe.e.t se.ue.ce.of me.oscale.conve.tive.syste.s. Conve.tive.trigge.ing is ofte. associate. with e.e.ate. te.rain, the.Ande., and the.La Plata basin re.ion, which is e.pe.ially rich in moist static e.e.gy. The.passage.of baroclinic wave. ove. the.Ande. is consiste.t with e.stward propagating cluste.s of conve.tion, within which we.tward-propagating syste.s also re.ide. The.e.organize. conve.tive.syste.s ove. the.La Plata Basin are.analyze. with hourly rainfall e.timate. with CMOPRH me.hod. Rainfall e.timate. at 8-km spatial re.olution we.e.obtaine. b

关键词： Sate.lite.De.ive. Rainfall Organize. Conve.tion La Plata Basin Diurnal Cycle

Conve.tive.Rainfall in Amazonia and Adjace.t Tropics

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Atmosphe.ic and Climate.Scie.ce. 2015年第2期5卷 137-161页

作者： Augusto J. Pe.e.ra Filho richard e. carbone John D. Tuttle.Hugo A. Karam De.artme.t of Atmosphe.ic Scie.ce. Institute of Astronomy Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil National Ce.te. for Atmosphe.ic Re.e.rch Colorado USA De.artme.t of Me.e.rology Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Hourly rainfall e.timate. from inte.rate. sate.lite.data are.use. to build a dynamically base. climatology of conve.tive.y ge.e.ate. rainfall across South Ame.ica, including tropical, sub-tropical and oce.nic re.ions. He.e.n, we.focus on 0S to 15S, including gre.te. Amazon and Ne.Brazil le.ward of the.South Atlantic Oce.n. e.phasis is place. on rainfall re.ulting from organize. conve.tive.re.ime., which are.known to produce.the.majority of se.sonal rainfall in various parts of South Ame.ica and othe. contine.ts. The.statistical characte.istics of individual e.e.ts are.quantifie. and e.amine. with re.pe.t to re.ional atmosphe.ic conditions. Among the.factors conside.e. are.ste.ring winds and wind she.r, conve.tive.available.pote.tial e.e.gy (CAPe., se. and land bre.ze., and the.occurre.ce.of transie.t disturbance. such as Ke.vin Wave. and e.ste.ly Wave.. Forcing and conve.tive.trigge.ing me.hanisms are.infe.re. from the.diagnosis of syste.atic patte.ns as e.ide.ce. in the.contine.tal diurnal cycle.and longe. pe.iods of natural variability. The.e.isode. of organize. conve.tion are.analyze. in te.ms of the.r duration, span, phase.spe.d, starting and e.ding time. starting and e.ding longitude. month and ye.r through fre.ue.cy distribution analysis. Most e.isode. of organize. conve.tion te.d to move.we.tward across the.Amazon Basin. De.criptive.statistics indicate.ave.age.phase.spe.d of we.tward and e.stward e.isode. of conve.tion in the.Amazon basin at -11.8 m.s-1 and 13.0 m.s-1, re.pe.tive.y. e.stward propagating syste.s are.influe.ce. by northe.stward moving cold fronts in Southe.n South Ame.ica and te.d to trigge. and to organize.conve.tion across the.Amazon Basin. Hourly rainfall analyse. indicate.that conve.tion ove. the.Amazon re.ion is ofte. organize..

关键词： Sate.lite.De.ive. Rainfall Organize. Conve.tion La Plata Basin Amazon Basin Diurnal Cycle

Mafic-Ultramafic Large.Igne.us Province. （LIPs）： Importance.of the.Pre.Me.ozolc re.ord

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e.isode. 2007年第2期30卷 108-114页

作者： richard e. e.nst e.nst Ge.scie.ce. 43 Margrave Ave Ottawa Ontario K 1T 3Y2 Canada. ＆ Adjunct professor Dept of Earth Sciences Carleton University Ottawa Canada K 1S 5B6.

Mafic-ultramafic magmatic province. are.te.me. Large.Igne.us Province. （LIPs） if the. are.large.（〉10^5 km^3）, are.e.place. in a short duration （ca. 〈 5 myr）（or consist of short duration pulse.）, and have.intraplate.characte.istics （i.e. are.not associate. with normal plate.boundary proce.se.）. This cate.ory include. the.classic contine.tal flood basalts, oce.nic plate.us, bimodal-rift （passive.margin） re.ate. package., but also those.e.e.ts, mainly of Phane.ozoic-Prote.ozoic age. whe.e.the.plumbing syste. of dyke., sills and laye.e. intrusions has be.n e.pose. by e.osion. In the.Arche.n, LIPs may be.re.re.e.te. by the.gre.nstone.be.ts of the.thole.ite.komatiite.association. Fe.sic magmatism is associate. with many LIPs and inde.d may be.dominant in some.case.. LIPs are.associate. with contine.tal bre.kup, climatic change. e.tinction e.e.ts, and major ore.de.osits e.pe.ially of the.Ni-Cu-PGe.type. Contine.tal LIPs occur on ave.age.e.e.y 20-30 myr since.2.6 Ga; the.Arche.n re.ord is too poorly pre.e.ve. for ge.e.alizations. LIPs occur both as isolate. single.e.e.ts （e.g., 2055 Ma Bushve.d e.e.t）, as approximate.y coe.al but wide.y se.arate. e.e.ts （e.g., 65 Ma De.can and 62 Ma NAIP）, and as re.ional cluste.s associate. with supe.contine.t bre.kup （e.g., the.830-750 Ma e.e.ts associate. with the.bre.kup of the.propose. supe.contine.t Rodinia）. The.LIP re.ord re.re.e.ts a ke. tool for constraining Prote.ozoic pale.contine.tal re.onstructions.

关键词：铁镁质火成地区超基性重要记录

Solvothe.mal pre.aration of iron phosphonate.cage.

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Scie.ce.China Che.istry 2012年第6期55卷 910-913页

作者： WINPe.NY richard e. P. School of Che.istry University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom The.Photon Scie.ce.Institute University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom

Thre. ne. iron（Ⅲ） phosphonate.cage.like.comple.e. with [Fe.], [Fe.] and [Fe.4] core. have.be.n synthe.ize. by solvothe.mal re.ction with various starting mate.ials. Magne.ic studie. show ove.all antife.romagne.ic i... 详细信息

关键词： polynucle.r iron coordination phosphonate magne.ic prope.tie.

Intrace.lular Transport of Plant Viruse.： Finding the.Door out of the.Ce.l

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Mole.ular Plant 2011年第5期4卷 813-831页

作者： Jame. e. Schoe.z Phillip A. Harrie. richard S. Ne.son Division of Plant Scie.ce. University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA De.artme.t of Biology Pittsburg State University Pittsburg KS 66762 USA Plant Biology Division The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Inc. Ardmore OK 73401 USA

Plant viruse. are.a class of plant pathoge.s that spe.ialize.in move.e.t from ce.l to ce.l. As part of the.r arse.al for infe.tion of plants, e.e.y virus e.code. a move.e.t prote.n （MP）, a prote.n de.icate. to e.larging the.pore.size.of plasmode.mata （PD） and active.y transporting the.viral nucle.c acid into the.adjace.t ce.l. As our knowle.ge.of inte.ce.lular transport has incre.se., it has be.ome.appare.t that viruse. must also use.an active.me.hanism to targe. the.virus from the.r site.of re.lication within the.ce.l to the.PD. Just as viruse. are.too large.to fit through an unmodifie. plasmode.ma, the. are.also too large.to be.fre.ly diffuse. through the.cytoplasm of the.ce.l. e.ide.ce.has accumulate. now for the.involve.e.t of othe. cate.orie. of viral prote.ns in intrace.lular move.e.t in addition to the.MP, including viral prote.ns originally associate. with re.lication or ge.e.e.pre.sion. In this re.ie., we.will discuss the.strate.ie. that viruse. use.for intrace.lular move.e.t from the.re.lication site.to the.PD, in particular focusing on the.role.of host me.brane. for intrace.lular transport and the.coordinate. inte.actions be.we.n virus prote.ns within ce.ls that are.ne.e.sary for succe.sful virus spre.d.

关键词： Macromole.ular trafficking me.brane.biology me.brane.prote.ns move.e.t prote.ns plasmode.mata plant-virus inte.actions.

The.aggre.sive.invasion of e.otic re.tile. in Florida with a focus on promine.t spe.ie.： A re.ie.

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Curre.t Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 599-612页

作者： richard e.Ge.AN e.liott JACOBSON Michae. L. AVe.Y Walte. e. Me.HAKA, Jr. USDA/APHIS/Wildlife.Se.vice./National Wildlife.Re.e.rch Ctr 4101 LaPorte Ave. Fort Collins CO 80521-2154 USA Colle.e.of Ve.e.inary Me.icine.Unive.sity of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA USDA/APHIS/Wildlife.Se.vice./National Wildlife.Re.e.rch Ctr 2820 East University Ave. Gainesville FL 32641 USA The.State.Muse.m of Pe.nsylvania 300 North Street Harrisburg Pennsylvania 17120 USA

Florida, along with Hawaii, has among the.two worst invasive.spe.ie. proble.s in the.USA, and the.state.is e.pe.cially susce.tible.to e.tablishme.t by alie. re.tile.. Be.ide. the.large.numbe.s of e.tablishe. non-native.re.tile.spe.ie. in Florida, many of the.e.spe.ie. pre.e.t nove. difficultie. for manage.e.t, or have.othe. characte.istics making e.fe.tive.manage.e.t e.-tre.e.y challe.ging. More.ve., initiation of manage.e.t action re.uire. more.than re.ognition by e.pe.ts that a pote.tially harmful spe.ie. has be.ome.e.tablishe.. It also re.uire. the.political will along with concomitant re.ource. and appropriate.pe.-sonne. to de.e.op e.fe.tive.me.hods and apply the.. We.re.ie. the.situation in Florida, including asse.sme.t of risk for e.tab- lishme.t, and we.use.a subse. of promine.t spe.ie. to illustrate.in more.de.ail the.array of invasive.re.tile.spe.ie. circumstance. in Florida, including route. of introduction, impacts, and pote.tial and imple.e.te. manage.e.t actions. The.e.e.ample. not only highlight the.se.e.ity of the.invasive.re.tile.proble.s in the.state. but the. also show the.dive.sity in re.olve.and re.ponse.towards the. and the.motivating factors [Curre.t Zoology 57 （5）： 599-612, 2011].

关键词： Arge.tine.black and white.te.us Biophysical e.ology Burme.e.pythons Control Gre.n and spiny-taile. iguanas,Invasive.spe.ie. Nile.monitors Northe.n curlytail lizards

Laye. by laye. surface.e.gine.ring of poly (lactide.co-glycolide. nanoparticle.:A ve.satile.tool for nanoparticle.e.gine.ring for targe.e. drug de.ive.y

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Scie.ce.China Che.istry 2013年第8期56卷 1029-1039页

作者： ROMe.O Gabrie.a MURRAY richard A. QIU Yuan SANZ David MOYA Se.gio e. Biosurface. De.artme.t CIC biomaGUNE De.artme.t of Polyme. Scie.ce.and e.gine.ring Zhejiang University

Re.e.t work re.arding the.Laye. by Laye. （LbL） e.gine.ring of poly（lactide.co-glycolide. nanoparticle. （PLGA NPs） is re.ie.e. he.e. The.LbL e.gine.ring of PLGA NPs is applie. as a me.ns of ge.e.ating advance. drug de.ive.y de.ice. with tailore. re.ognition, prote.tion, cargo and re.e.se.prope.tie.. LbL in combination with covale.t che.istry is use. to attach Pe. and folic acid to control ce.l uptake.and dire.t it towards cance. ce.ls. LbL coatings compose. of chitosan and alginate.show low prote.n inte.actions and can be.use. as an alte.native.to Pe.ylation. The.asse.bly on top of LbL coatings of lipid laye.s compose. of variable.pe.ce.tage. of 1,2-diole.yl-sn-glyce.o-3-choline.（DOPC） and 1,2-diole.yl-sn-glyce.o-3-phospho- L-se.ine.（DOPS） incre.se. NP uptake.and dire.ts the.NPs towards the.e.doplasmic re.iculum. The.antibody anti-TNF-ct is e.capsulate. forming a comple. with alginate.that is asse.ble. LbL on top of PLGA NPs. The.antibody is re.e.se. in ce.l culture.following first orde. kine.ics. The.re.e.se.kine.ics of e.capsulate. mole.ule. inside.PLGA NPs are.studie. whe. the.PLGA NPs are.coate. via LbL with diffe.e.t polye.e.trolyte.. The.intrace.lular re.e.se.of e.capsulate. Doxorubicin is studie. in the.He.G2 ce.l line.by me.ns of Fluore.ce.ce.Life.ime.Imaging.

关键词： laye. by laye. PLGA NPs ce.l uptake antibody de.ive.y lipid laye.s intrace.lular re.e.se

Re.ationships be.we.n lymphomas linke. to he.atitis C virus infe.tion and the.r microe.vironme.t

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World Journal of Gastroe.te.ology 2013年第44期19卷 7874-7879页

作者： Antonino carbone Annunziata Gloghini De.artme.t of Pathology Centro di Riferimento Oncologico Aviano Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCSAviano and Pordenone Hospital 33081 Aviano Italy Me.be. of WHO IARC Monograph Working Group on Biological Age.ts 2009 Lyon France De.artme.t of Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory Me.icine Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori 20133 Milano Italy

The.re.ationships be.we.n lymphomas and the.r microe.vironme.t appe.r to follow 3 major patte.ns:(1)an inde.e.de.t patte.n;(2)a de.e.de.t patte.n on de.e.ulate. inte.actions;and(3)a de.e.de.t patte.n on re.ulate. *** e.ample. of the.third patte.n are.he.atitis C virus(HCV)-associate. marginal zone.lymphomas(MZLs)and mucosa-associate. lymphoid tissue.*** the.e.lymphomas,a re.ulate. coe.iste.ce.of the.malignant ce.ls and the.microe.vironme.tal factors usually *** le.st initially,howe.e.,tumor de.e.opme.t and ce.l growth large.y de.e.d on e.te.nal signals from the.microe.vironme.t,such as viral antige.s,cytokine.,and ce.l-ce.l *** association be.we.n HCV infe.tion and B-ce.l lymphomas is not comple.e.y de.ine.,although this association has be.n de.onstrate. by e.ide.iological *** and diffuse.large.B-ce.l lymphoma are.the.histotype. most fre.ue.tly associate. with HCV *** me.hanisms have.be.n propose. for e.plaining HCV-induce. lymphomage.e.is;antige.ic stimulation by HCV se.ms to be.fundame.tal in e.tablishing B-ce.l e.pansion as obse.ve. in mixe. cryoglobuline.ia and in B-ce.l ***,antiviral tre.tme.t has be.n prove. to be.e.fe.tive.in the.tre.tme.t of HCV-associate. indole.t ***,clinically re.ponse. we.e.linke. to the.e.adication of the.HCV-RNA,providing a strong argume.t in favor of a causative.link be.we.n HCV and lymphoprolife.ation.

关键词： He.atitis C virus-infe.tion B-ce.l lymphomas Marginal zone lymphoma Mucosa-associate. lymphoid tissue lymphomas Diffuse large B-ce.l lymphomas Microe.vironme.t

The.role.of inte.le.kin-18 in glioblastoma pathology implie. the.ape.tic pote.tial of two old drugs-disulfiram and ritonavir

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Chine.e.Journal of Cance. 2015年第4期34卷 161-165页

作者： richard e.Kast Inte.national Initiative.for Acce.e.ate. Improve.e.t of Glioblastoma Care.Study Ce.te.

Base. on re.orting in the.last se.e.al ye.rs,an impre.sive.but dismal list of cytotoxic che.othe.apie. that fail to prolong the.me.ian ove.all survival of patie.ts with glioblastoma has prompte. the.de.e.opme.t of tre.tme.t protocols de.igne. to inte.fe.e.with growth-facilitating signaling syste.s by using non-cytotoxic,non-oncology *** re.ognition of the.pro-mobility stimulus,inte.le.kin-18,as a drive. of ce.trifugal glioblastoma ce.l migration allows pote.tial tre.tme.t adjuncts with disulfiram and *** and ritonavir are.we.l-tole.ate.,non-cytotoxic,non-oncology che.othe.ape.tic drugs that are.marke.e. for the.tre.tme.t of alcoholism and human immunode.icie.cy virus(HIV) infe.tion,*** drugs e.hibit an inte.le.kin-18—inhibiting *** the.favorable.tole.ability profile.of disulfiram and ritonavir,the.unlike.y drug-drug inte.action with te.ozolomide.and the.poor prognosis of glioblastoma,trials of addition of disulfiram and ritonavir to curre.t standard initial tre.tme.t of glioblastoma would be.warrante..

关键词：白细胞介素-18 胶质细胞治疗方案人类免疫缺陷病毒硫病理细胞毒性治疗药物