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How much has the Sun influenced Northern Hemisphere temperature trends?An ongoing debate

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2021年第6期21卷 131-198页

作者： Ronan connolly Willie Soon Michael connolly Sallie Baliunas Johan Berglund c.John Butler Rodolfo Gustavo cionco Ana G.Elias Valery M.Fedorov Hermann Harde Gregory W.Henry Douglas V.Hoyt Ole Humlum David R.Legates Sebastian Liming Nicola Scafetta Jan-Erik Solheim Laszlo Szarka Harry van Loon Victor M.Velasco Herrera richard c.willson 晏宏 Weijia Zhang center for Environmental Research and Earth Science(cERES) SalemMA 01970USA Independent scientists DublinIreland Retired formerly Harvard-Smithsonian Center for AstrophysicsCambridgeMA 02138USA Independent researcher MalmoSweden Retired formerly Armagh ObservatoryCollege HillArmagh BT619DGNorthern IrelandUK comision de Investigaciones cientlficas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires Argentina Grupo de Estudios Ambientales Universidad Tecnologica NationalColpn 332San Nicolas(2900)Buenos AiresArgentina Laboratorio de Fisica de la Atmosfera Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y TecnologlaUniversidad National de TucumanAv.Independencia 18004000 TucumanArgentina Instituto de Fisica del Noroeste Argentino(consejo Nacional de Investigaciones cientficas y Tecnicas-Universidad Nacional de Tucuman) 4000 TucumanArgentina Faculty of Geography LomonosovMoscow State UniversityLeninskie Gory St.1Moscow 119991Russia Helmut-Schmidt-University HamburgGermany center of Excellence in Information Systems Tennessee State UniversityNashvilleTN 37209 USA Independent scientist Berkeley SpringsWVUSA Emeritus Professor in Physical Geography Department of GeosciencesUniversity of OsloNorway college of Earth Oceanand the EnvironmentUniversity of DelawareNewark DE 19716-2541USA Institute for Hydrography Geoecology and Climate SciencesHauptstra/3e 476315 AgeriSwitzerland Department of Earth Sciences Environment and GeoresourcesUniversity of Naples Federico nComplesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelovia Cinthia2180126 NaplesItaly Retired formerly Department of Physics and TechnologyUiT The Arctic University of Norway9037 TromspNorway ELKH Institute of Earth Physics and Space Science 9400 SopronCsatkai utca 6-8Hungary Retired formerly National Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulderColoradoUSA Instituto de Geofisica Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoCiudad UniversitariaCoyoacan04510Mexico D.F.Mexico Active cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor(AcRIM) CoronadoCA 92118USA State Key Laboratory of Loe

In order to evaluate how much Total Solar Irradiance(TSI)has influenced Northern Hemisphere surface air temperature trends,it is important to have reliable estimates of both *** different estimates of the changes in TSI since at least the 19th century were compiled from the *** of these estimates are"low variability"and half are"high variability".Meanwhile,five largely-independent methods for estimating Northern Hemisphere temperature trends were evaluated using:1)only rural weather stations;2)all available stations whether urban or rural(the standard approach);3)only sea surface temperatures;4)tree-ring widths as temperature proxies;5)glacier length records as temperature *** standard estimates which use urban as well as rural stations were somewhat anomalous as they implied a much greater warming in recent decades than the other estimates,suggesting that urbanization bias might still be a problem in current global temperature datasets-despite the conclusions of some earlier ***,all five estimates confirm that it is currently warmer than the late 19th century,i.e.,there has been some"global warming"since the 19th *** each of the five estimates of Northern Hemisphere temperatures,the contribution from direct solar forcing for all sixteen estimates of TSI was evaluated using simple linear least-squares *** role of human activity on recent warming was then calculated by fitting the residuals to the UN IPcc’s recommended"anthropogenic forcings"time *** all five Northern Hemisphere temperature series,different TSI estimates suggest everything from no role for the Sun in recent decades(implying that recent global warming is mostly human-caused)to most of the recent global warming being due to changes in solar activity(that is,that recent global warming is mostly natural).It appears that previous studies(including the most recent IPcc reports)which had prematurely concluded the former,had done so be

关键词： Sun:activity (Sun:)solar terrestrial relations (Sun:)sunspots Sun:faculae,plages

Is there hybridization between 2 species of the same genus in sympatry?——The genetic relationships between Anoplophora glabripennis,Anoplophora chinensis,and putative hybrids

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 633-645页

作者： Haiwen Qin Huachao Xu Arnaud capron Ilga Porth Mingming cui Melody A.Keena Xiaofang Deng Juan Shi richard c.Hamelin Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia Department of ForestBejing Forestry UniversityBejingChina Department of Forest and conservation Sciences The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada college of Forestry and Biotechnology Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouChina Department of Wood and Forest Sciences Laval UniversityQuebecCanada 5 Department of AgricultureNorthern Research StationUSDA Forest ServiceHamdenConnecticutUSA changchun Landscape Plant conservation Station Bureau of Forestry and Landscaping of ChangchunChangchunChina

Anoplophora glabripennis(Asian longhorn beetle,ALB)and Anoplophora chinensis(citrus longhorn beetle,cLB)are native forest pests in china;they have become important international quarantine *** are found using the same Salix aureopendula host tree of cixi,Zhejiang province,*** this host tree,we collected additional beetles that appeared to be morphologically intermediate between ALB and *** using a stereoscope,we observed that there were several bumps on the base of the elytra,which was inconsistent with ALB,which typically has a smooth elytral base,but was more like cLB,which has numerous short tubercles on the elytral *** their sympatry and intermediate morphology,we hypothesized that these may represent ALB×cLB *** studied the genomic profiles for 46 samples(ALB,cLB,and putative hybrids)using genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS)providing a reduced representation of the entire *** principal component analyses on the 163 GBS-derived single nucleotide polymorphism data,we found putative hybrids tightly clustered with ALB,but genetically distinct from the cLB ***,our initial hybrid hypothesis was not supported by genomic ***,while mating experiments between adult ALB and cLB were successful in 4 separate years(2017,2018,2020,and 2021),and oviposition behavior was observed,no progeny was *** employed population genomic analysis and biological hybridization experiments,we conclude that the putative hybrids represent newly discovered morphological variants within *** approach further confirmed the advantage of genome-wide information for Anoplophora species assignment in certain ambiguous classification cases.

关键词： Anoplophora chinensis Anoplophora glabripenni sg enotyping-bysequencing invasive pest mating putative hybrid

Biofabrication of nanocomposite-based scaffolds containing human bone extracellularmatrix for the differentiation of skeletal stem and progenitor cells

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第2期7卷 121-136页

作者： Yang-Hee Kim Janos M.Kanczler Stuart Lanham Andrew Rawlings Marta Roldo Gianluca Tozzi Jonathan I.Dawson Gianluca cidonio richard O.c.Oreffo Faculty of Medicine Bone and Joint Research GroupCentre for Human DevelopmentStem Cells and RegenerationInstitute of Developmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science University of PortsmouthPortsmouth PO12DTUK School of Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ScienceUniversity of GreenwichGreenwich ME44TBUK center for Life Nano-and Neuro-Science(cLN2S) Italian Institute of Technology00161 RomeItaly

Autograft or metal implants are routinely used in skeletal ***,they fail to provide long-term clinical resolution,necessitating a functional biomimetic tissue engineering *** use of native human bone tissue for synthesizing a biomimeticmaterial inkfor three-dimensional(3D)bioprintingof skeletal tissueis anattractivestrategyfor ***,human bone extracellular matrix(bone-EcM)offers an exciting potential for the development of an appropriate microenvironment for human bone marrow stromal cells(HBMScs)to proliferate and differentiate along the osteogenic *** this study,we engineered a novel material ink(LAB)by blending human bone-EcM(B)with nanoclay(L,Laponite®)and alginate(A)polymers using extrusion-based *** inclusion of the nanoﬁller and polymeric material increased the rheology,printability,and drug retention properties and,critically,the preservation of HBMScs viability upon *** composite of human bone-EcM-based 3D constructs containing vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)enhanced vascularization after implantation in an ex vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane(cAM)*** inclusion of bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2)with the HBMScs further enhanced vascularization and mineralization after only seven *** study demonstrates the synergistic combination of nanoclay with biomimetic materials(alginate and bone-EcM)to support the formation of osteogenic tissue both in vitro and ex vivo and offers a promising novel 3D bioprinting approach to personalized skeletal tissue repair.

关键词： Extracellular matrix Nanoclay Bone 3D bioprinting

cOVID-19 vaccination produces exercise-responsive SARS-coV-2 specific T-cells regardless of infection history

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 99-107页

作者： Kyle A.Smith Tiffany M.Zúñiga Forrest L.Baker Helena Batatinha charles R.Pedlar Shane c.Burgess Michael P.Gustafson Emmanuel Katsanis richard J.Simpson School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Department of Pediatrics The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Faculty of Sport Allied Health and Performance ScienceSt.Mary's UniversityTwickenham TW14SXUK Institute of Sport Exercise and Health University College LondonLondon WC1E 7HUUK Department of Animal and comparative Biomedical Sciences The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA The University of Arizona cancer center The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85719USA Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic ArizonaPhoenixAZ 85054USA Department of Immunobiology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Department of Medicine The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Department of Pathology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA

Background:The mobilization and redistribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-coV-2)specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)during exercise is purported to increase immune surveillance and protect against severe coronavirus disease 2019(cOVID-19).We sought to determine if cOVID-19 vaccination would elicit exercise-responsive SARS-coV-2 T-cells and transiently alter nAb ***:Eighteen healthy participants completed a 20-min bout of graded cycling exercise before and/or after receiving a cOVID-19 *** major leukocyte subtypes were enumerated before,during,and after exercise by flow cytometry,and immune responses to SARS-coV-2 were determined using whole blood peptide stimulation assays,T-cell receptor(TcR)-βsequencing,and SARS-coV-2 nAb ***:cOVID-19 vaccination had no effect on the mobilization or egress of major leukocyte subsets in response to intensity-controlled graded ***,non-infected participants had a significantly reduced mobilization of cD4+and cD8+naive T-cells,as well as cD4+central memory T-cells,after vaccination(synthetic immunity group);this was not seen after vaccination in those with prior SARS-coV-2 infection(hybrid immunity group).Acute exercise after vaccination robustly mobilized SARS-coV-2 specific T-cells to blood in an intensity-dependent *** groups mobilized T-cells that reacted to spike protein;however,only the hybrid immunity group mobilized T-cells that reacted to membrane and nucleocapsid *** increased significantly during exercise only in the hybrid immunity ***:These data indicate that acute exercise mobilizes SARS-coV-2 specific T-cells that recognize spike protein and increases the redistribution of nAbs in individuals with hybrid immunity.

关键词： Anti-viral cOVID-19 Exercise immunology SARS-coV-2 T-cells Vaccine

Are there sex-based disparities in cataract surgery?

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 137-143页

作者： Matthew D.Geiger Anne M.Lynch Alan G.Palestine Nathan c.Grove Karen L.christopher richard S.Davidson Michael J.Taravella Naresh Mandava Jennifer L.Patnaik Department of Ophthalmology University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO 80045USA

AIM:To investigate sex-based differences in the occurrence of intra-operative and post-operative complications and associated visual outcomes following cataract ***:This was a retrospective study of patients who had phacoemulsification cataract surgery at the University of colorado School of *** collected included the patient’s health history,ocular comorbidities,operative and post-operative complications,and the post-operative best corrected visual acuity(BcVA).The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to account for the correlation of some patients having two eyes included in the ***:A total of 11977 eyes from 7253 patients were included in the *** comorbidities differed by sex,with males having significantly higher percentages of traumatic cataracts(males 0.7%vs females 0.1%),prior ocular surgery(6.7%vs 5.5%),and mature cataracts(2.8%vs 1.9%).conversely,females had significantly higher rates of pseudoexfoliation(2.0%vs 3.2%).In unadjusted analysis,males had higher rates of posterior capsular rupture(0.8%vs 0.4%)and vitreous loss(1.0%vs 0.6%),but this difference was not significant after adjustment for *** had a significantly increased risk of post-operative retinal detachment,but in multivariable analysis this was no longer *** were significantly less likely to undergo post-operative neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd:YAG)laser capsulotomy for posterior capsule opacification(OR=0.8,95%cI=0.7-0.9,P=0.0005).The BcVA was slightly worse for males pre-operatively;but post-operatively,both sexes exhibited similar visual acuity of Snellen equivalent 20/***:The study finds that in a cohort of patients presenting for cataract surgery,sex differences exist in pre-operative comorbidities and surgical characteristics that contribute to higher rates of some complications for ***,observed surgical complicatio

关键词： cataract surgery sex-based disparity phacoemulsification outcomes

A mutation in TBXT causes congenital vertebral malformations in humans and mice

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第4期51卷 433-442页

作者： Shuxia chen Yunping Lei Yajun Yang chennan Liu Lele Kuang Li Jin richard HFinnell Xueyan Yang Hongyan Wang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life SciencesKey Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPCInstitute of Reproduction and DevelopmentFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health Institute of Metabolism and Integrative BiologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China center for Precision Environmental Health Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030USA MOE Key Laboratory of contemporary Anthropology School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Department of Assisted Reproduction Xinhua HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200092China children’s Hospital Fudan University399 Wanyuan RoadShanghai 201102China

T-box transcription factor T(TBXT;T)is required for mesodermal formation and axial skeletal *** it has been extensively studied in various model organisms,human congenital vertebral malformations(cVMs)involving T are not well ***,we report a family with 15 cVM patients distributed across 4 *** affected individuals carry a heterozygous mutation,T c.596A>G(p.Q199R),which is not found in unaffected family members,indicating co-segregation of the genotype and *** vitro assays show that T p.Q199R increases the nucleocytoplasmic ratio and enhances its DNA-binding affinity,but reduces its transcriptional activity compared to the *** determine the pathogenicity of this mutation in vivo,we generated a Q199R knock-in mouse model that recapitulates the human cVM *** heterozygous Q199R mice show subtle kinked or shortened tails,while homozygous mice exhibit tail filaments and severe vertebral ***,we show that the Q199R mutation in T causes cVM in humans and mice,providing previously unreported evidence supporting the function of T in the genetic etiology of human cVM.

关键词： congenital vertebral malformation TBXT T gene Loss-of-function mutation

clinical Epidemiology and Surgical Treatment of Spontaneous Perforations of the Terminal Ileum: A Multicentre Study in cameroon

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Surgical Science 2024年第5期15卷 311-320页

作者： Eric Patrick Savom richard II Mbele Mahamat Yannick Ekani Boukar Abdal Deudeu cédric Paterson Atangana Fred Dikongue Dikongue Guy Aristide Bang Marc Leroy Guifo Yaoundé General Hospital Yaound&#233 Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Yaoundé Teaching Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon

Background: Perforations of the terminal ileum are a frequent clinical situation and a therapeutic challenge. Surgical treatment is controversial. Several surgical modalities have been proposed and postoperative morbidity and mortality remain high. The aim of this study was to review our experience in the surgical management of perforations of the terminal ileum. Patients and methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021, in five hospitals in cameroon. Patients’ demographic, clinical presentation, surgical findings and 30-days postoperative outcomes data were collected. Results: We collected 34 files. The sex ratio was 1.4 and the average age was 20.28 years. The average consultation time was 9.1 days. Abdominal pain was present in all our patients. Peritoneal irritation was present in 46 cases (88.5%). The mean time to treatment after admission was 17.5 hours. The perforation was unique in 40 cases (76.9%) and located between 6 and 10 cm from the ileocecal valve in 29 cases (55.8%). Typhoid was the most suspected etiology intraoperatively in 38 cases (73.1%). A simple suture was performed in 18 patients (34.6%), resection with anastomosis in 11 patients (21.2%) and an ileostomy in 5 patients (9.6%). The average length of hospitalization was 21.74 days. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were 32.7% and 17.3% respectively. conclusion: Perforations of the terminal ileum are common and affect young people. Surgical procedures are varied. Reducing consultation and care times and respecting treatment principles could improve postoperative morbidity and mortality, which remain high.

关键词： Perforation of the Terminal Ileum Simple Suture Resection Morbidity Mortality

Results of Surgical Management of Malignant Obstruction of the common Bile Duct in Yaoundé

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Surgical Science 2024年第4期15卷 265-277页

作者： Eric Patrick Savom Gaël Tsanga Nomo richard II Mbele Mahamat Yannick Ekani Boukar cédric Paterson Atangana Fred Dikongue Dikongue Guy Aristide Bang Arthur Essomba Yaoundé General Hospital Yaound&#233 Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the Universityof Yaoundé I Yaound&#233 Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Yaoundé Teaching Hospital Yaound&#233 Cameroon

Introduction: In cameroon, surgery remains the only approach in malignant obstructions of the common bile duct (MOcBD) even in palliative situations. The aim of this work was to describe the modalities of surgical treatment of MOcBD, evaluate the results and detect the factors associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality. Patients and Methods: We conducted an analytical observational study, with retrospective data collection from the files of patients operated upon for MOcBD. This was done in four referral hospitals in the city of Yaoundé for a 42-month period spanning from January 1, 2020 to June 30, 2023. Demographic data, clinical presentation, surgical data, and 30-day postoperative outcomes were collected. Results: We collected 71 files. The sex ratio was 1.4 and the mean age was 56 ± 11 years. Fifty-three (53) patients (74.6%) were overweight or obese and 10 patients (14.1%) were hypertensive. A clinical cholestasis syndrome was present in 69 patients (97.2%). Fifty-five (55) patients (77.5%) had a cancer of the head of the pancreas, 8 patients (11.3%) had an extra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma and 8 patients (11.3%) had an ampullary adenocarcinoma. Eight (8) resections (11.3%) with curative intent had been carried out and in 63 cases (88.7%), surgery was palliative. Postoperative morbidity was 55.7%, influenced by advanced WHO stage (p = 0.02). Postoperative mortality was 25.7%, associated with a high ASA score (p = 0.01). conclusion: Pancreatic head cancer is the main etiology of malignant obstructions of the common bile duct in cameroon. Surgical treatment is most often palliative. Postoperative morbidity and mortality are high, influenced by high WHO and ASA scores.

关键词： Malignant Obstruction common Bile Duct Palliative Treatment Morbidity Mortality

Genomics-driven derivatization of the bioactive fungal sesterterpenoid variecolin:creation of an unnatural analogue with improved anticancer properties

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第1期14卷 421-432页

作者： Dexiu Yan Jemma Arakelyan Teng Wan Ritvik Raina Tsz Ki chan Dohyun Ahn Vladimir Kushnarev Tsz Kiu cheung Ho ching chan Inseo choi Pui Yi Ho Feijun Hu Yujeong Kim Hill Lam Lau Ying Lo Law chi Seng Leung chun Yin Tong Kai Kap Wong Wing Lam Yim Nikolay S.Karnaukhov richard Y.c.Kong Maria V.Babak Yudai Matsuda Department of chemistry City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina iGEM Team“Variecure” City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Moscow clinical Research center Named After A.S.Loginov Moscow 111123Russian Federation

A biosynthetic gene cluster for the bioactive fungal sesterterpenoids variecolin(1)and variecolactone(2)was identified in Aspergillus aculeatus ATcc *** production of 1 and 2 was achieved in Aspergillus oryzae by expressing the sesterterpene synthase VrcA and the cytochrome P450 ***,the replacement of VrcB with homologous P450s from other fungal terpenoid pathways yielded three new variecolin analogues(5-7).Analysis of the compounds’anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo revealed that although 5 and 1 had comparable activities,5 was associated with significantly reduced toxic side effects in cancer-bearing mice,indicating its potentially broader therapeutic *** study describes the first tests of variecolin and its analogues in animals and demonstrates the utility of synthetic biology for creating molecules with improved biological activities.

关键词： Animal studies Anticancer properties Biosynthesis Natural products Sesterterpenoids Synthetic biology Terpene synthases Variecolin