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Unsupervised intrusion detection system for in-vehicle communication networks

Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2024年第2期5卷 119-129页

作者： Kabilan n Vinayakumar ravi V Sowmya Center for Computational Engineering and networking(CEn) Amrita School of Artificial InteligenceAmrita Vishwa VidyapeethamCoimbatoreIndia Center for Artificial Intlligence Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd UniversityKhobarSaudi Arabia

In-vehicle communication has been optimized day to day to keep updated of the *** area network(CAn)is used as a standard communication method because of its efficient and reliable ***,CAn is prone to several network level attacks because of its lack in security *** methods have been introduced to incorporate this in *** proposed an unsupervised method of intrusion detection for in-vehicle communication networks by combining the optimal feature extracting ability of autoencoders and more precise clustering using fuzzy C-means(FCM).The proposed method is light weight and requires less computation *** performed an extensive experiment and achieved an accuracy of 75.51%with the ML35o in-vehicle intrusion *** experimental result,the proposed method also works better for other intrusion detection problems like wireless intrusion detection datasets such as WnS-DS with accuracy of 84.05%and network intrusion detection datasets such as KDDCup with accuracy 60.63%,UnSW_nB15 with accuracy 73.62%and Information Security Center of Excellence(Iscx)with accuracy 74.83%.Overall,the proposed method outperforms the existing methods and avoids labeled datasets when training an in-vehicle intrusion detection *** results of the experiment of our proposed method performed on various intru-sion detection datasets indicate that the proposed approach is generalized and robust in detecting intrusions and can be effectively deployed in real time to monitor CAn traffic in vehicles and proactively alert during attacks.

关键词： Controlarea network Intrusiondetection Unsupervised learning Autoencoders Fuzzy C-means

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Exploring nitrogen reduction reaction mechanisms in electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis:A comprehensive review

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 681-697页

作者： Abhishek Umesh Shetty ravi Sankannavar School of Chemical and Materials Science Indian Institute of Technology GoaFarmagudiPonda 403401GoaIndia Department of Chemical Engineering M.S.Ramaiah Institute of TechnologyMSR NagarMSRIT PostBengaluru 560054KarnatakaIndia

The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction(enRR)holds significant promise as a sustainable alternative to the conventional large-scale Haber Bosch process,offering a carbon footprint-free approach for ammonia *** the process is thermodynamically feasible at ambient temperature and pressure,challenges such as the competing hydrogen evolution reaction,low nitrogen solubility in electrolytes,and the activation of inert dinitrogen(n_(2))gas adversely affect the performance of ammonia *** hurdles result in low Faradaic efficiency and low ammonia production rate,which pose obstacles to the commercialisation of the *** have been actively designing and proposing various electrocatalysts to address these issues,but challenges still need to be resolved.A key strategy in electrocatalyst design lies in understanding the underlying mechanisms that govern the success or failure of the electrocatalyst in driving the electrochemical *** mechanistic studies,we gain valuable insights into the factors affecting the reaction,enabling us to propose optimised designs to overcome the *** review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the various mechanisms involved in enRR on the electrocatalyst *** delves into the various mechanisms such as dissociative,associative,Mars-van Krevelen,lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction and surface hydrogenation mechanisms of nitrogen *** unravelling the intricacies of enRR mechanisms and exploring promising avenues,we can pave the way for more efficient and commercially viable ammonia synthesis through this sustainable electrochemical process by designing an efficient electrocatalyst.

关键词： Green ammonia synthesis Electrolysis Electrocatalysis nitrogen reductionreaction Electrochemical reaction pathways Reactionmechanism

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Matched pair analysis of the effect of longer hypothermic machine perfusion time on kidney transplant outcomes

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第3期14卷 95-101页

作者： Carlos Verdiales Luke Baxter Hyun ja Lim Gavin Beck Michael A Moser Department of Surgery University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewan S7N 0W8Canada College of Medicine University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewan S7N 0W8Canada Canada and northern Ontario School of Medicine Thunder BayOntario P7B 5E1Canada Department of Community Health and Epidemiology University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewan S7N 0W8Canada

BACKGROUnD Hypothermic machine perfusion(HMP)has demonstrated benefits in terms of early kidney transplant function compared to static cold *** longer preservation times have shown detrimental effects,a previous paired study indicated that longer pump times(the second kidney in a pair)might lead to improved *** To revisit the prior paired study's somewhat unexpected results by reviewing our program's *** A total of 61 pairs of transplant recipients who received kidneys from the same donor(2012-2021)were *** were divided into two groups depending on whether they were transplanted first(K1)or second(K2).Therefore,the patients in each pair had identical donor characteristics,except for time on the *** analyses included Kaplan-Meyer analysis and paired tests,including Mcnemar's test,student's paired t-test,or Wilcoxon's test,as *** The two groups of recipients had similar demographics(age,body mass index,diabetes,time on dialysis,sensit-ization and retransplants).Cold ischemic times for K1 and K2 were 8.9(95%CI:7.9,9.8)and 14.7 hours(13.7,15.8)(Pn acute rejection at 1 year(P=0.015).Delayed graft function was less common in K2,12/61(20%)than in K1,20/61(33%)(P=0.046).Finally,K2 showed a higher graft survival than K1(P=0.023).COnCLUSIOn Our results agree with a previous study that suggested possible advantages to longer pump *** studies should encourage further research into HMP's potential anti-inflammatory effect.

关键词： Hypothermic machine perfusion Paired kidney study Early acute rejection

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The differential benefit of laparoscopic over open minor liver resection for lesions situated in the anterolateral or posterosuperior segments

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and nutrition 2024年第4期13卷 604-615,I0015-I0021页

作者： jasper P.Sijberden Guido Fiorentini jacopo Lanari Davit Aghayan Daniel Osei-Bordom nadia Russolillo Arjun Takhar Andrea Benedetti Cacciaguerra Santi Lopez-Ben Mathieu D’Hondt Felice Giuliante David Fuks Fernando Rotellar Andrea Ruzzenente Adnan Alseidi Mikhail Efanov Burak Görgec Giuseppe Zimmitti Enrico Gringeri Federica Cipriani Åsmund Avdem Fretland ravi Marudanayagam Marco Vivarelli John n.Primrose Alessandro Ferrero Robert P.Sutcliffe Bjørn Edwin Umberto Cillo Marc G.Besselink Mohammad Abu Hilal Luca A.Aldrighetti Department of Surgery Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto OspedalieroBresciaItaly Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam Department of SurgeryAmsterdamthe Netherlands Cancer Center Amsterdam Amsterdamthe Netherlands Hepatobiliary Surgery Division IRCCS San Raffaele HospitalMilanItaly Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological SciencesGeneral Surgery 2Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver TransplantationPadua University HospitalPaduaItaly The Intervention Centre and Department of HPB Surgery Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway Department of Surgery Ringerike HospitalVestre Viken Hospital TrustDrammenNorway Liver Unit Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirminghamUK Department of General and Oncological Surgery Umberto I Mauriziano HospitalLargo TuratiTurinItaly Department of Surgery University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK Hepatobiliary and Abdominal Transplantation Surgery Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineRiuniti HospitalPolytechnic University of MarcheAnconaItaly Servei de Cirurgia General i Digestiva Hospital Doctor Josep Trueta de GironaGironaCataloniaSpain Department of Digestive and Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery Groeninge HospitalKortrijkBelgium Chirurgia Epatobiliare UniversitàCattolica del Sacro Cuore-IRCCSRomeItaly Department of Digestive Oncologic and Metabolic SurgeryInstitut Mutualiste MontsourisUniversitéParis DescartesParisFrance HPB and Liver Transplantation Unit Department of SurgeryUniversity ClinicUniversidad de NavarraNavarraSpain Institute of Health Research of navarra(IdisnA) PamplonaSpain Department of Surgery University of VeronaVeronaItaly Department of Surgery Virginia Mason Medical CenterSeattleWAUSA Department of Surgery University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery Moscow Clinical Research CentreMoscowRussia

Background:It is well known that laparoscopic liver surgery can offer advantages over open liver surgery in selected ***,what type of procedures can benefit most from a laparoscopic approach has been investigated poorly thus *** aim of this study is thus to define the extent of advantages of laparoscopic over open liver surgery for lesions in the anterolateral(AL)and posterosuperior(PS)***:In this international multicentre retrospective cohort study,laparoscopic and open minor liver resections for lesions in the AL and PS segments were compared after propensity score *** differential benefit of laparoscopy over open liver surgery,calculated using bootstrap sampling,was compared between AL and PS resections and expressed as a Delta of the ***:After matching,3,040 AL and 2,336 PS resections were compared,encompassing open and laparoscopic procedures in a 1:1 *** and PS laparoscopic liver resections were more advantageous in comparison to open in terms of blood loss,transfusion rate,complications,and length of ***,AL resections benefitted more from laparoscopy than PS in terms of overall and severe complications(D-difference were 4.8%,P=0.046 and 3%,P=0.046)and blood loss(D-difference was 195 mL,Pn the subset for high-volume centres,while in recent years no significant differences were found in the differential benefit between AL and PS ***:The advantage of laparoscopic over open liver surgery is greater in the AL segments than in the PS segments.

关键词： Liver neoplasms hepatectomy laparoscopic liver resection open liver resection

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Data dissemination model using Epidemic and Transmission-Segment-based Geographic Routing protocol:a new perspective in vehicular ad hoc networks

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2021年第2期14卷 287-301页

作者： ravi Kumar D.n.S. Barani S. School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and TechnologyChennaiIndia

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new data dissemination model in order to improve the performance of transmission in *** proposes a protocol named Epidemic and Transmission-Segmentbased Geographic Routing(ETSGR)and outlining the issues due to high mobility of nodes and uncertain physical topologies in the *** proposed ETSGR is mainly used to analyze the vehicle state,direction,distance,traffic density and link quality of the ***/methodology/approach-This research work based on ETSGR protocol mainly uses epidemic algorithmin order to find the vehicle state based on susceptible,infected and recovered(SIR)***,the vehicle position and finding the head node in the network is utilized using the transmission segment protocol based on geographic routing and analyses each node to formthe segments and find the destination to transmit the data in timely ***-The paper provides the enhancement of the performance based on some metrics such as end-to-end delaythat obtained 0.62%,data throughput as 32.3%,packetdelivery ratio as 67%and one-hop communicationas 13%.The proposed ETSGR protocolanalyzes the state of the vehiclecorrectly and each node segmented to transmit the data with the timely manner and obtaining reliable performanceeven with highmobility of nodes in the *** limitations/implications-The proposed ETSGR protocol may have some limitation when considering the timing which should improve even in increasing many number of vehicles and different road *** implications-This paper includes some suggestions for the practical deployment of the approach in which a real-time traffic analysis can be evaluated for taking prior actions during an emergency situation and proper dissemination of data in timely manner can help utilize the guidance of proper planning of ***/value-This research fulfills an enhanced protocol to improve the performance of data dissemination.

关键词： ETSGR Vehicular ad hoc networks(VAnETs) Data dissemination Routing protocol Transmission segment

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Mechanocatalysis of CO to CO_(2)on TiO_(2)surface controlled at atomic scale

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nano Research 2024年第7期17卷 5826-5834页

作者： Yuuki Adachi Robert Turanský Ján Brndiar Kamil Tokár Qiang Zhu Huan Fei Wen Yasuhiro Sugawara IvanŠtich Yan Jun Li Department of Applied Physics Osaka University2-1 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Institute of Physics Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislava 84511Slovakia Institute of Informatics Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislava 84507Slovakia Faculty of natural Sciences University of Ss.Cyril and MethodiusTrnava 91701Slovakia Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement School of Instrument and ElectronicsNorth University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051China

The common ways to activate a chemical reaction are by heat,electric current,or ***,mechanochemistry,where the chemical reaction is activated by applied mechanical force,is less common and only poorly understood at the atomic *** we report a tip-induced activation of chemical reaction of carbon monoxide to dioxide on oxidized rutile TiO_(2)(110)*** activation is studied by atomic force microscopy,Kelvin probe force microscopy under ultrahigh-vacuum and liquid nitrogen temperature conditions,and density functional theory(DFT)*** reaction is inferred from hysteretic behavior of frequency shift signal further supported by vector force mapping of vertical and lateral forces needed to trigger the chemical reaction with torque motion of carbon monoxide towards an oxygen *** reaction is found to proceed stochastically at very small tip-sample ***,the local contact potential difference reveals the atomic-scale charge redistribution in the reactants required to unlock the *** results open up new insights into the mechanochemistry on metal oxide surfaces at the atomic scale.

关键词： atomic resolution mechanochemistry atomic force microscopy Kelvin probe force microscopy density functional theory(DFT)simulation CO oxidation catalysis rutile TiO_(2)surface

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Bugbee flexible electrocautery facilitates choledochoscopic biopsy,fulguration,and debulking of a high grade intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2018年第2期17卷 176-179页

作者： ravi n Srinivasa Rajiv n Srinivasa Joseph J Gemmete Jeffrey Forris Beecham Chick Department of Radiology Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology University of Michigan Health System 1500 East Medical Center Drive Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

To the Editor:Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct(IPnB)may occur in the setting of primary sclerosing cholangitis,choledochal cysts or hepatolithiasis[1].The entity may be a precursor of cancer or intrahepatic *** carcinoma,tubular or mucinous adenocarcinoma is present in approximately 40%-80%of IPnBs[1–3].IPnB is frequently found in the resection margins of patients undergoing hepatectomy for cholangiocarcinoma[4].

关键词： fulguration and debulking of a high grade intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct Bugbee flexible electrocautery facilitates choledochoscopic biopsy flexible

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Accounting for the uncertainties in the estimation of average shear wave velocity using VS-n correlations

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021年第5期15卷 1199-1208页

作者： Jithin P ZACHARIAH ravi S jaKKA Department of Earthquake Engineering Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkee 247667India

Site-specific seismic hazard analysis is crucial for designing earthquake resistance structures,particularly in seismically active *** wave velocity(V_(S))is a key parameter in such analysis,although the economy and other factors restrict its direct field measurement in many *** V_(S)-SPT-n correlations are routinely incorporated in seismic hazard analysis to estimate the value of V_(S).However,many uncertainties question the reliability of these estimated V_(S)*** paper comes up with a statistical approach to take care of such uncertainties involved in V_(S)*** measured SPT-n values from all the critical boreholes were converted into statistical parameters and passed through various correlations to estimate V_(S)at different *** effect of different soil layers in the boreholes on the V_(S)estimation was also taken into ***,the average shear wave velocity of the top 30 m soil coverV_(S30))is estimated after accounting for various epistemic and aleatoric *** scattering nature of the V_(S)values estimated using different V_(S)-n correlations was reduced significantly with the application of the *** results further clearly demonstrated the potential of the approach to eliminate various uncertainties involved in the estimation of V_(S)30 using general and soil-specific correlations.

关键词： uncertainties V_(S)-n correlations V_(S30) SPT data statistical methodology

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Oyster Shell Recycling and Bone Waste Treatment Using Plasma Pyrolysis

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Plasma Science and Technology 2006年第6期8卷 712-715页

作者： jaeOuCHAE S.P.KnAK A.n.KnAK H.J.KOO V.ravi Advanced Eco Technology Lab. Department of Mechanical EngineeringINHA University253 Yonghyun-dongNam-guIncheon 402751Korea

Investigations on the recycling plasma pyrolysis technique are presented in 25 kW was employed for the experiments. of oyster shells and bone waste treatment using the this paper. A arc based plasma torch operated at Fresh oyster shells were recycled using the plasma torch to convert them to a useful product such as CaO. Bone waste was treated to remove the infectious organic part and to vitrify the inorganic part. The time required for treatment in both cases was significantly short. Significant reduction in the weight of the samples was observed in both cases.

关键词： plasma pyrolysis oyster shell bone waste recycling solid waste treatment

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Ichnology and Depositional Environment of the Cambrian nagaur Sandstone (nagaur Group) Along the Dulmera Section, Bikaner-nagaur Basin, Rajasthan

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第6期88卷 1665-1680页

作者： Birendra P.SInGH O.n.BHARGAVA ravi S.CHAUBEY naval KISHORE Department of Geology (CAS) Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India 103 Sector-7 Panchkula (Haryana) 134109 India

The Lower Cambrian nagaur Sandstone（Marwar Supergroup） has yielded trace fossils Treptichnus, Cruziana, serially repeated Rusophycus, Diplichnites, Monomorphichnus, Bergaueria,arthropod swimming traces and leap frogging marks of Cruziana ichnofacies. This ichnofossils assemblage is dominantly preserved in fine to medium grained red sandstone beds of the Mohra Member（nagaur Sandstone）. The presence of graded rip-up clasts, current ripples, dune crossstratification with mud drapes and tidal bundles indicates a subtidal paleoenvironment for the deposition of nagaur Sandstone Formation, which is corroborated by the Cruziana ichnofacies trace fossil assemblage.

关键词： nagaur Sandstone Mohra Member trace fossils Cruziana ichnofacies subtidal paleoenvironment

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