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Proton pump inhibitor-associated pneumonia:Not a breath of fresh air after all?

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2011年第3期2卷 17-26页

作者： Alexander L Fohl randolph e regal University of Michigan Hospitals and College of Pharmacy Adult Internal Medicine University of Michigan Hospitals and College of Pharmacy

Over the past two decades,proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)have emerged as highly effective and relatively safe agents for the treatment of a variety of gastrointestinal ***,this desirable pharmacological profile has also contributed to superfluous and widespread use in both the inpatient and outpatient *** generally well-tolerated,research published over the last decade has associated these agents with increased risks of Clostridium difficile disease, fractures likely due to calcium malabsorption and both community-acquired(CAP)and hospital-acquired pneumonias(HAP).The mechanism behind PPI-associated pneumonia may be multifactorial,but is thought to stem from compromising the stomach's"acid mantle"against gastric colonization of acid-labile pathogenic bacteria which then may be aspirated.A secondary postulate is that PPIs,through their inhibition of extra-gastric H+/K+ATPase enzymes,may reduce the acidity of the upper aerodigestive tract,thus resulting in increased bacterial colonization of the larynx,esophagus and *** date,several retrospective case control studies have been published looking at the association between PPI use and *** studies found a temporal relationship between PPI exposure and the incidence of pneumonia,but only two could define a dose-response ***,other studies found an inverse correlation between duration of PPI use and risk of CAP. In terms of HAP,we reviewed two retrospective cohort studies and one prospective *** retrospective study in a medical ICU found no increased association of HAP in PPI-exposed patients compared to no acid-lowering therapy,while the other in cardiothoracic surgery patients showed a markedly increased risk compared to those receiving *** one prospective study in ICU patients showed an increased risk of HAP with PPIs, but not with *** conclusion,the current literature shows a slight trend toward an association between PPI use and pneumonia and

关键词： Proton pump inhibition Pneumonia Pharmacotherapy Gastroesophageal reflux disease Gastric acid

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Cockcroft-gault revisited: New de-liver-ance on recommendations for use in cirrhosis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第3期9卷 131-138页

作者： Gianni B Scappaticci randolph e regal Department of Pharmacy Services University of Michigan Health System and College of Pharmacy Department of Pharmacy Services Adult Internal Medicine/Gastroenterology University of Michigan Health System and College of Pharmacy

The Cockcroft-Gault(CG) equation has become perhaps the most popular practical approach for estimating renal function among health care professionals. Despite its widespread use, clinicians often overlook not only the limitations of the original serum creatinine(SCr) based equation, but also may not appreciate the validity of the many variations used to compensate for these limitations. For cirrhotic patients in particular, the underlying pathophysiology of the disease contributes to a falsely low SCr, thereby overestimating renal function with use of the CG equation in this population. We reviewed the original CG trial from 1976 along with data surrounding clinician specific alterations to the CG equation that followed through time. These alterations included different formulas for body weight in obese patients and the "rounding up" approach in patients with low SCr. Additionally, we described the pathophysiology and hemodynamic changes that occur in cirrhosis; and reviewed several studies that attempted to estimate renal function in this population. The evidence we reviewed regarding the most accurate manipulation of the original CG equation to estimate creatinine clearance(Cr Cl) was inconclusive. Unfortunately, the homogeneity of the patient population in the original CG trial limited its external validity. elimination of body weight in the CG equation actually produced the estimate closest to the measure Cr Cl. Furthermore, "rounding up" of SCr values often underestimated Cr Cl. This approach could lead to suboptimal dosing of drug therapies in patients with low SCr. In cirrhotic patients, utilization of SCr based methods overestimated true renal function by about 50% in the literature we reviewed.

关键词： Cockcroft-Gault Cirrhosis Renal function Pharmacokinetics Creatinine clearance

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The efficacy of vitamin e in preventing arthrofibrosis after joint replacement

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Animal Models and experimental Medicine 2024年第2期7卷 145-155页

作者： Yingfang Fan Jean Yuh Sashank Lekkala Mehmet D.Asik Andrew Thomson Madeline McCanne Mark A.randolph Antonia F.Chen ebru Oral Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Surgery Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA

Background:Arthrofibrosis is a joint disorder characterized by excessive scar formation in the joint *** e is an antioxidant with potential anti-fibroblastic *** aim of this study was to establish an arthrofibrosis rat model after joint replacement and assess the effects of vitamin e supplementation on joint ***:We simulated knee replacement in 16 male Sprague–Dawley *** immobilized the surgical leg with a suture in full *** control groups were killed at 2 and 12 weeks(n=5 per group),and the test group was supplemented daily with vitamin e(0.2 mg/mL)in their drinking water for 12 weeks(n=6).We performed histological staining to investigate the presence and severity of *** staining andα2-macroglobulin(α2M)enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(eLISA)were used to assess local and systemic *** weight bearing(total internal reflection)and range of motion(ROM)were collected for functional ***:The ROM and weight-bearing symmetry decreased after the procedure and recovered slowly with still significant deficit at the end of the study for both *** analysis confirmed fibrosis in both lateral and posterior periarticular *** e supplementation showed a moderate anti-inflammatory effect on the local and systemic *** vitamin e group exhibited significant improvement in ROM and weight-bearing symmetry at day 84 compared to the control ***:This model is viable for simulating arthrofibrosis after joint *** e may benefit postsurgical arthrofibrosis,and further studies are needed for dosing requirements.

关键词： arthrofibrosis range of motion total knee arthroplasty vitamin e

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A DIAGONALLY-IMPLICIT TIMe INTeGRATION SCHeMe FOR SPACe-TIMe MOVING FINITe eLeMeNTS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2019年第3期37卷 360-383页

作者： randolph e.Bank Maximilian S.Metti Department of Mathematics University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92093-0112USA Adtile Technologies 11750 Sorrento Valley RoadSan DiegoCA 92121USA

In this paper,we analyze and provide numerical experiments for a moving finite element method applied to convection-dominated,time-dependent partial differential *** follow a method of lines approach and utilize an underlying tensor-product finite element space that permits the mesh to evolve continuously in time and undergo discontinuous reconfigurations at discrete time *** employ the TR-BDF2 method as the time integrator for piecewise quadratic tensor-product spaces,and provide an almost symmetric error estimate for the *** numerical results validate the efficacy of these moving finite elements.

关键词： TR-BDF2 Moving firdte elements Method of characteristics Convection-dominated Moving mesh methods error analysis

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:A comprehensive review of a growing epidemic

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第34期20卷 12082-12101页

作者： Kareem Hassan Varun Bhalla Mohammed ezz el regal H Hesham A-Kader Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of PediatricsThe University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724United States

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is quickly becoming one of the most prominent causes of liver disease *** increasing incidence of NAFLD is tied to the obesity epidemic and the subsequent metabolic derangements brought along with *** efforts to elucidate the mechanism and causes of the disease have answered some questions,but much remains unknown about *** aim of this article is to discuss the current knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of the disease,as well as the current and future diagnostic,preventative,and therapeutic options available to clinicians for the management of NAFLD.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Steatohepatitis Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Pathogenesis Treatments Diagnosis Management Metformin Vitamin e Thiazolidinedione Imaging Prevalence

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Repeatability and Variability of the 3-Min All-Out Test at the Subject Level

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Journal of Science in Sport and exercise 2023年第1期5卷 77-86页

作者： Vijay Sarthy M.Sreedhara Gregory M.Mocko randolph e.Hutchison Department of Mechanical engineering Clemson University243 Fluor Daniel EIBClemsonSC 29634-0921USA Department of Health Sciences Furman UniversityGreenvilleSC 29613USA

Purpose The constant work-rate to exhaustion tests must be repeated several times at each work-rate to estimate subject-level trial-to-trial variance(intra-individual variability,IIV)of critical power(CP)and work capacity(W').Alternatively,these parameters and their variance can be estimated by repeating the 3-min all-out test(3MT)fewer *** purpose of this study was to propose a method to determine subject-level repeatability of the 3MT and demonstrate the need to repeat the test multiple times to estimate *** Seven cyclists performed a ramp test and four 3MTs on a *** parameters CP,W',peak power(Pp),and total work(TW)were compared across trials using repeated measures ANOVA,Bland-Altman analysis,Intraclass Cor-relation Coefficients(ICC),Typical error(Te)of measurement,and Coefficient of Variation(CV).Results For the group,average CP and W'were 284±58 W and 10.214±3.143 *** reliability statistics,CP(ICC=0.97,Te=8 W,CV=2.94%)and W'(ICC=0.88,Te=1.11 kJ,CV=10.87%),indicated strong ***-level repeatability was determined by comparing time-to-peak power(TPp),absolute difference in Pp(δPp),and TW(δTW)for pairs of *** average IIVs estimated by the 95%confidence intervals were±15 W for CP and±1.68 kJ for W'.Conclusions Thresholds are proposed for TPp(7 s),δPp(10%),andδTW(3%)to determine subject-level repeatability of the 3MT before computing the IIV of CP and W'.It is suggested that the 3MT is repeated at least three times to estimate the IIV,which aids in personalized measurement of training improvements and performance optimization。

关键词： Critical power W' 3-Min all-out test Repeatability Intra-individual variability

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Wobbly Spin Reveals Mercury's Molten Core

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科技英语学习 2007年第6期 6-7页

作者： randolph e．Schmid 刘人恺

有生活经验的读者都知道,将鸡蛋在平滑的表面上旋转,能长时间转动的是熟鸡蛋,摇摇晃晃转不了几圈的则是生鸡蛋。这一厨房窍门竟被天文学家用来确定水星的内核是否为“水”。

关键词： Wobbly Spin Reveals Mercury’s Molten Core

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Gay Men Respond Differently to Pheromones

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当代外语研究 2005年第9期 41-42,5页

作者： randolph e.Schmid 李鑫

同性恋到底是先天生理因素决定还是后天形成?这是一个长期以来备受争议的问题。这个问题也许永远没有答案,但是瑞典卡洛琳斯卡大学关于费洛蒙的最新研究似乎表明性取向在很大程度上和生理因素有关。几乎同时,美国费城的一项研究又通过... 详细信息

同性恋到底是先天生理因素决定还是后天形成?这是一个长期以来备受争议的问题。这个问题也许永远没有答案,但是瑞典卡洛琳斯卡大学关于费洛蒙的最新研究似乎表明性取向在很大程度上和生理因素有关。几乎同时,美国费城的一项研究又通过受试者对汗味的不同反应支持了生理因素影响性取向的观点。那么两项研究是否具有说服力?读者不妨先读此文再作决定。

关键词：生理因素性取向同性恋不同反应费洛蒙受试者争议瑞典决定先天

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essentials of corporate finance / 4th ed.

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丛书名： The McGraw-Hill/Irwin series in finance, insurance, and real estate

2004年

作者： Stephen A. Ross randolph W. Westerfield Bradford

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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一种新的并行自适应网格有限元算法

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计算力学学报 2003年第5期20卷 559-563页

作者：周春华 randolph e Bank 南京航空航天大学空气动力学系江苏南京210016 DepartmentofMathematics UniversityofCaliforniaatSanDiego

给出了一种新的适用于流体力学问题的并行自适应有限元算法。首先 ,基于初始稀网格上获得的事后误差估算值 ,应用反复谱对剖分方法对初网格进行划分 ,使各子域上总体误差近似相等 ,从而解决并行自适应计算中的负载平衡问题。然后在各处... 详细信息

给出了一种新的适用于流体力学问题的并行自适应有限元算法。首先 ,基于初始稀网格上获得的事后误差估算值 ,应用反复谱对剖分方法对初网格进行划分 ,使各子域上总体误差近似相等 ,从而解决并行自适应计算中的负载平衡问题。然后在各处理器上独立地求解整体问题 ,并进行指定子域上的网格自适应处理。最后将各子域上的自适应网格组合成一个整体网格 ,应用基于粘接元技术的区域分裂法在该网格上获得最终解。

关键词：流体力学并行自适应网格有限元算法网格划分区域分裂反复谱对剖分方法

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