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Magnetically actuated glaucoma drainage devicefor regulating intraocular pressure afterimplantation

Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第4期9卷 91-105页

作者： Inês C.F.Pereira ralph j.s.van mechelen Hans M.Wyss Leonard Pinchuk Henny j.M.Beckers jaap M.j.den Toonder Microsystems Department of Mechanical EngineeringEindhoven University of Technology5600MB EindhovenThe Netherlands Institute for Complex Molecular systems(ICMs) Eindhoven University of Technology5600MB EindhovenThe Netherlands University Eye Clinic Maastricht Maastricht University Medical Centre+(MUMC+)6202AZ MaastrichtThe Netherlands InnFocus Inc.a Santen CompanyMiamiFlorida 33186USA Ophthalmic Biophysics Center Bascom Palmer Eye InstituteUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFlorida 33136USA

The key risk factor for glaucoma is increased intraocular pressure (IOP). Glaucoma drainage devices implanted in theeye can reduce IOP and thus stop disease progression. However, most devices currently used in clinical practice arepassive and do not allow for postsurgical IOP control, which may result in serious complications such as hypotony (i.e.,excessively low IOP). To enable noninvasive IOP control, we demonstrate a novel, miniature glaucoma implant that willenable the repeated adjustment of the hydrodynamic resistance after implantation. This is achieved by integrating amagnetic microvalve containing a micropencil-shaped plug that is moved using an external magnet, thereby openingor closing fluidic channels. The microplug is made from biocompatible poly(styrene-block-isobutylene-block-styrene)(sIBs) containing iron microparticles. The complete implant consists of an sIBs drainage tube and a housing elementcontaining the microvalve and fabricated with hot embossing using femtosecond laser-machined glass molds. Usingin vitro and ex vivo microfluidic experiments, we demonstrate that when the microvalve is closed, it can providesufficient hydrodynamic resistance to overcome hypotony. Valve function is repeatable and stable over time. Due to itssmall size, our implant is a promising, safe, easy-to-implant, minimally invasive glaucoma surgery device.

关键词： enable implantation overcome

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Penile reconstruction

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Asian journal of Andrology 2013年第1期15卷 16-19页

作者： Giulio Garaffa salvatore sansalone David j ralph st Peter's Andrology London WIG 6B J UK Tor Vergata University Rome 00133 Italy

During the most recent years, a variety of new techniques of penile reconstruction have been described in the literature. This paper focuses on the most recent advances in male genital reconstruction after trauma, excision of benign and malignant disease, in gender reassignment surgery and aphallia with emphasis on surgical technique, cosmetic and functional outcome.

关键词： female to male transsexuals fibrosis free flaps glans reconstruction glans sculpture lichen sclerosus lymphoedema of the genitalia penile prosthesis Peyronie's disease phalloplasty scrotoplasty shaft reconstruction skin graft penile reconstruction

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Between a Rock and a Dry Place： The Water-stressed Moss

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Molecular Plant 2009年第3期2卷 478-486页

作者： Audra j. Charron ralph s. Quatrano Department of Biology Washington University in St Louis 1 Brookings Dr. St Louis MO 63130 USA

The earliest land plants faced a suite of abiotic stresses largely unknown to their aquatic algal ancestors. The descendants of these plants evolved two general mechanisms for survival in the relatively arid aerial environment. While the vascular plants or ＇tracheophytes＇ developed tissue specializations to transport and retain water, the other main lineages of land plants, the bryophytes, retained a simple, nonvascular morphology. The bryophytes--mosses, hornworts, and liverworts--continually undergo a co-equilibration of their water content with the surrounding environment and rely to a great extent on intrinsic cellular mechanisms to mitigate damage due to water stress. This short review will focus on the cellular and molecular responses to dehydration and rehydration in mosses, and offer insights into general plant responses to water stress.

关键词： Abiotic/environmental stress ABA poikilohydry Tortula ruralis bryophytes Physcomitrella patens.

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Phalloplasty following penectomy for penile cancer

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Asian journal of Urology 2022年第4期9卷 460-466页

作者： Wai Gin Lee A.Nim Christopher David j.ralph University College London Hospital LondonUnited Kingdom st Peter’s Andrology LondonUnited Kingdom

Objective:Penile reconstruction or phalloplasty following penectomy can be offered where the functional penile length is inadequate for a man to void while standing or to have sexual *** is usually staged due to the complex surgical techniques *** narrative review describes the technical concepts and summarises the contemporary outcomes following phalloplasty in this challenging ***:A retrospective review of the English literature was performed between january 1946 till November *** data were synthesised and complemented by the expert opinion of the authors with 20 years of experience in this *** flaps are ideally designed with an integrated urethra or alternatively,a further free flap urethroplasty can be ***-plasty is further complicated following penectomy by scarring from the previous surgery and the potential loss of structures that would normally be present at the recipient ***:There are limited published data with a total of 19 men recorded in the *** the radial artery forearm free flap and anterolateral thigh flap have been described in this cohort of *** outcomes including standing micturition,sensation in the neo-phallus,and the ability to orgasm are *** quality of life and satisfaction was also good despite the high risk for long-term complications of the neophallus and donor ***:Phalloplasty following penectomy requires microsurgical transfer of a free flap or a pedicled flap to reconstruct a *** erectile device is inserted at a later stage to facilitate sexual intercourse,if *** scarring from penectomy and the potential loss of vasculature that would normally be present at the recipient site may further complicate *** and functional outcomes are acceptable based on the limited published experience to date.

关键词： Humans Male Myocutaneous flap or transplantation Penis or surgery Phalloplasty Reconstructive surgical procedures Retrospective study surgical flap Thigh or surgery Treatment outcome Urethra or surgery

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Using Bayesian deep learning approaches for uncertainty-aware building energy surrogate models

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Energy and AI 2021年第1期3卷 91-103页

作者： Paul Westermann ralph Evins Energy and Cities Group Department of Civil Engineering University of VictoriaCanada

Fast machine learning-based surrogate models are trained to emulate slow,high-fidelity engineering simulation models to accelerate engineering design *** introduces uncertainty as the surrogate is only an approxi-mation of the original *** methods can quantify that uncertainty,and deep learning models exist that follow the Bayesian *** models,namely Bayesian neural networks and Gaussian process models,enable us to give predic-tions together with an estimate of the model’s *** a result we can derive uncertainty-aware surrogate models that can automatically identify unseen design samples that may cause large emulation *** these samples the high-fidelity model can be queried *** paper outlines how the Bayesian paradigm allows us to hybridize fast but approximate and slow but accurate *** this paper,we train two types of Bayesian models,dropout neural networks and stochastic variational Gaussian Process models,to emulate a complex high dimensional building energy performance simulation *** surrogate model processes 35 building design parameters(inputs)to estimate 12 annual building energy perfor-mance metrics(outputs).We benchmark both approaches,prove their accuracy to be competitive,and show that errors can be reduced by up to 30%when the 10%of samples with the highest uncertainty are transferred to the high-fidelity model.

关键词： surrogate modelling Metamodel Building performance simulation Uncertainty Bayesian deep learning Gaussian Process Bayesian neural network

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Evaluation of Reynolds-averaged Navier-stokes turbulence models in open channel flow over salmon redds

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journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第4期36卷 741-756页

作者： Bishal Bhattarai Brandon Hilliard Daniele Tonina William j.Reeder ralph Budwig Benjamin T.Martin Tao Xing Department of Mechanical Engineering University of IdahoMoscowUSA Center for Ecohydraulics Research University of IdahoBoiseUSA Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands Hamm school of Engineering University of MaryBismarckUSA

This study evaluates computational fluid dynamics(CFD)turbulence closures for Reynolds-averaged Navier-stokes(RANs)equations against experimental data to model complex open channel flows,like those occurring over dune-shaped salmon spawning nests called"redds".Open channel flow complexity,characterized by near-bed turbulence,adverse pressure,and free surfaces,requires suitable turbulence closure capable of capturing the flow structure between streambed and water *** evaluated three RANs models:standard k-,shear-stress transport(ssT)k-@and realizable k-,along with four wall treatments for the realizable k-:standard,and scalable wall functions,enhanced wall treatment,and an unconventional closure combining standard wall function with near-wall mesh resolving the viscous *** all models generally capturing the bulk flow characteristics,considerable discrepancies were evident in their ability to predict specific flow features,such as flow *** realizable k-model,with standard wall function and mesh resolving viscous sublayer,outperformed other closures in predicting near-wall flow separations,velocity fields,and free surface *** realizable k-model with a log-layer resolved mesh predicted the free surface elevation equally well but lacked precision for near-wall *** ssT k-@model outperformed in predicting turbulent kinetic energy and provided better predictions of the near-boundary velocity distributions than realizable k-closure with any of the conventional wall treatments but overestimated the separation vortex *** standard k-o model also overestimated near-wall *** study highlights the variability in accuracy among turbulence models,underlining the need for careful model selection based on specific prediction regions.

关键词： salmon redd numerical simulation turbulence models volume of fluid(VOF)

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New advances in visual computing for intelligent processing of visual media and augmented reality

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science China(Technological sciences) 2015年第12期58卷 2210-2211页

作者： WANG juHong ZHANG songHai MARTIN ralph R. Department of Computer science and Technology Tsinghua University school of Computer science & Informatics Cardiff University

Visual imagery constitutes the most important sensory information for *** entire field of acquiring,analyzing and synthesizing visual data by means of computers is called visual *** has an extraordinarily wide range of applications,including for example:industrial quality control,street view and driver assistance systems,robot navigation,multimedia systems,and computer games.

关键词： Augmented reality Intelligent computing

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Management of residual penile curvature after penile prosthesis placement

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Asian journal of Andrology 2021年第2期23卷 129-134页

作者： Denis V Krakhotkin David j ralph Gideon A Blecher Volodymyr A Chernylovskyi Francesco Greco Evgeny E Bakurov Ruslan A Bugaev Central District Hospital Outpatient DepartmentKamenolomniRostov Region 346480Russia University College London st Peter’s Andrology Centre and University College London Hospitals London W1G 6BJUnited Kingdom Monash University Department of SurgeryMelbourne 3168Australia The Alfred Hospital Department of UrologyMelbourne 3004Australia Department of Urology 1 City Clinical Hospital No.4Dnipro 49102Ukraine Department of Urology Humanitas GavazzeniBergamo 24125Italy Department of surgery No.1 Rostov Regional Hospital ROKB 1Rostov-on-Don 344015Russia

Residual penile curvature is a common situation following the implantation of a penile prosthesis in patients with Peyronie’s ***,there is a variety of options for the correction of residual curvature,including penile modeling,plication techniques,as well as tunical incision/excision with or without grafting.A literature search of PubMed and Medline databases was conducted from 1964 until 2020,using search terms for all articles in the English *** this article,we provide a review of the techniques and the outcomes,according to the published literature.

关键词： grafting modeling penile curvature penile implant penile prosthesis Peyronie’s disease tunical plication

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3D printing of patient-specific implants for osteochondral defects: workflow for an MRI-guided zonal design

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2021年第4期4卷 818-832页

作者： David Kilian Philipp sembdner Henriette Bretschneider Tilman Ahlfeld Lydia Mika jörg Lützner stefan Holtzhausen Anja Lode ralph stelzer Michael Gelinsky Centre for Translational Bone Joint and Soft Tissue ResearchUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of MedicineTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany Institute of Machine Elements and Machine Design Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany University Center of Orthopaedic Trauma and Plastic SurgeryUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav CarusTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany

Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is a common clinical practice to visualize defects and to distinguish different tissue types and pathologies in the human *** far,MRI data have not been used to model and generate a patient-specific design of multilayered tissue substitutes in the case of interfacial *** orthopedic cases that require highly individual surgical treatment,implant fabrication by additive manufacturing holds great ***-based techniques like 3D plot-ting allow the spatially defined application of several materials,as well as implementation of bioprinting *** the example of a typical multi-zonal osteochondral defect in an osteochondritis dissecans(OCD)patient,this study aimed to close the technological gap between MRI analysis and the additive manufacturing process of an implant based on dif-ferent biomaterial inks.A workflow was developed which covers the processing steps of MRI-based defect identification,segmentation,modeling,implant design adjustment,and implant generation.A model implant was fabricated based on two biomaterial inks with clinically relevant properties that would allow for bioprinting,the direct embedding of a patient’s own cells in the printing *** demonstrated by the geometric compatibility of the designed and fabricated model implant in a stereolithography(sLA)model of lesioned femoral condyles,a novel versatile CAD/CAM workflow was successfully established that opens up new perspectives for the treatment of multi-zonal(osteochondral)defects.

关键词： Additive manufacturing(AM) Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) Computer-aided design(CAD) Osteochondritis dissecans(OCD) Bone cement Hydrogel

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Trends of Extreme Precipitation in Eastern China and Their Possible Causes

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2015年第8期32卷 1027-1037页

作者： LIU Run LIU shaw Chen ralph j.CICERONE sHIU Chein-jung LI jun WANG jingli ZHANG Yuanhang state Key joint Laboratory of Environmental simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Research Center for Environmental Changes Academia Sinica Department of Atmospheric science NCU National Academy of sciences Earth system science University of California Institute of Urban Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration

significant increases of heavy precipitation and decreases of light precipitation have been reported over widespread regions of the globe. Global warming and effects of anthropogenic aerosols have both been proposed as possible causes of these changes. We examine data from urban and rural meteorological stations in eastern China （1955-2011） and compare them with Global Precipitation Climatology Project （GPCP） data （1979-2007） and reanalysis data in various latitude zones to study changes in precipitation extremes. significant decreases in light precipitation and increases in heavy precipitation are found at both rural and urban stations, as well as low latitudes over the ocean, while total precipitation shows little change. Characteristics of these changes and changes in the equatorial zone and other latitudes suggest that global warming rather than aerosol effects is the primary cause of the changes. In eastern China, increases of annual total dry days （28 days） and ） 10 consecutive dry days （36%） are due to the decrease in light precipitation days, thereby establishing a causal link among global warming, changes in precipitation extremes, and higher meteorological risk of floods and droughts. Further, results derived from the GPCP data and reanalysis data suggest that the causal link exists over widespread regions of the globe.

关键词： extreme precipitation global warming aerosols meteorological risk of floods and droughts

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