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Correlation of tumor-associated macrophage density and proportion of M2 subtypes with the pathological stage of colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第5期16卷 1878-1889页

作者： Fouzia Fazal Muhammad Arsalan Khan Sumayya Shawana rahma rashid Muhammed Mubarak Department of Pathology Jinnah Medical and Dental CollegeKarachi 74800SindhPakistan Department of General Surgery Sindh Institute of Urology&Transplantation(SIUT)Karachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Pathology Bahria University of Health SciencesKarachi 74400SindhPakistan Department of Pathology SIUTKarachi 74200SindhPakistan

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a prevalent global malignancy with complex prognostic ***-associated macrophages(TAMs)have shown paradoxical associations with CRC survival,particularly concerning the M2 *** We aimed to establish a simplified protocol for quantifying M2-like TAMs and explore their correlation with clinicopathological *** A cross-sectional study included histopathological assessment of paraffinembedded tissue blocks obtained from 43 CRC *** CD68 and CD163 immunohistochemistry,we quantified TAMs in tumor stroma and front,focusing on M2 ***,histopathological,and clinical parameters were *** TAM density was significantly higher at the tumor front,with the M2 proportion three times greater in both *** tumor front had a higher M2 proportion,which correlated significantly with advanced tumor stage(P=0.04),pathological nodal involvement(P=0.04),and lymphovascular invasion(LVI,P=0.01).However,no significant association was found between the M2 proportion in the tumor stroma and clinicopathological *** Our study introduces a simplified protocol for quantifying M2-like TAMs in CRC tissue *** demonstrated a significant correlation between an increased M2 proportion at the tumor front and advanced tumor stage,nodal involvement,and *** suggests that M2-like TAMs might serve as potential indicators of disease progression in CRC,warranting further investigation and potential clinical application.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Macrophages Tumor stroma M2 subset Tumor front Tumor stage Lymphovascular invasion Prognosis Tumor-associated macrophages Immunohistochemistry

Thrombotic microangiopathy after kidney transplantation: Expanding etiologic and pathogenetic spectra

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第1期14卷 84-95页

作者： Muhammed Mubarak Amber Raza rahma rashid Fnu Sapna Shaheera Shakeel Department of Histopathology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Nephrology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Pathology Montefiore Medical CenterThe University Hospital for Albert Einstein School of MedicineBronxNY 10461United States

Thrombotic microangiopathy(TMA)is an uncommon but serious complication that not only affects native kidneys but also transplanted *** review is specifically focused on post-transplant TMA(PT-TMA)involving kidney transplant *** reported prevalence in the latter population varies from 0.8%to 14%with adverse impacts on both graft and patient *** has many causes and associations,and the list of etiologic agents and associations is growing *** pathogenesis is equally varied and a variety of pathogenetic pathways lead to the development of microvascular injury as the final common ***-TMA is categorized in many ways in order to facilitate its ***,more than one causes are contributory in PT-TMA and it is often difficult to pinpoint one particular cause in an individual ***,the hallmark lesions are endothelial cell injury and intravascular thrombi affecting the *** diagnosis and classification of PT-TMA are imperative for optimal outcomes but are challenging for both clinicians and *** Banff classification has addressed this issue and has developed minimum diagnostic criteria for pathologic diagnosis of PT-TMA in the first *** of the condition is also challenging and still largely *** varies from simple maneuvers,such as plasmapheresis,drug withdrawal or modification,or dose reduction,to lifelong complement blockade,which is very expensive.A thorough understanding of the condition is imperative for an early diagnosis and quick treatment when the treatment is potentially *** review aims to increase the awareness of relevant stakeholders regarding this important,potentially treatable but under-recognized cause of kidney allograft dysfunction.

关键词： Thrombotic microangiopathy Microvascular injury Anemia Thrombocytopenia Kidney allograft failure

Expanding role and scope of artificial intelligence in the field of gastrointestinal pathology

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Artificial Intelligence in Gastroenterology 2024年第2期5卷 10-19页

作者： Muhammed Mubarak rahma rashid Fnu Sapna Shaheera Shakeel Department of Histopathology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Pathology Montefiore Medical CenterThe University Hospital for Albert Einstein School of MedicineBronxNY 10461United States

Digital pathology(DP)and its subsidiaries including artificial intelligence(AI)are rapidly making inroads into the area of diagnostic anatomic pathology(AP)including gastrointestinal(GI)*** is poised to revolutionize the field of diagnostic ***,AP has been slow to adopt digital technology,but this is changing rapidly,with many centers worldwide transitioning to *** with advanced techniques of AI such as deep learning and machine learning,DP is likely to transform histopathology from a subjective field to an objective,efficient,and transparent *** is increasingly integrated into GI pathology,offering numerous advancements and improvements in overall diagnostic accuracy,efficiency,and patient ***,AI in GI pathology enhances diagnostic accuracy,streamlines workflows,provides predictive insights,integrates multimodal data,supports research,and aids in education and training,ultimately improving patient care and *** review summarized the latest developments in the role and scope of AI in AP with a focus on GI *** main aim was to provide updates and create awareness among the pathology community.

关键词： Gastrointestinal pathology Digital pathology Artificial intelligence Machine learning Deep learning Precision diagnostics

Comparison of resistive index and shear-wave elastography in the evaluation of chronic kidney allograft dysfunction

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第1期14卷 154-163页

作者： Ameet Kumar Jesrani Syed M Faiq rahma rashid Tariq Ali Kalwar Rehan Mohsin Tahir Aziz Nida Amin Khan Muhammed Mubarak Department of Radiology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Pathology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Transplantation Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Urology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan

BACKGROUND Detection of early chronic changes in the kidney allograft is important for timely intervention and long-term *** and novel ultrasound-based investigations are being increasingly used for this purpose with variable *** To compare the diagnostic performance of resistive index(RI)and shear wave elastography(SWE)in the diagnosis of chronic fibrosing changes of kidney allograft with histopathological *** This is a cross-sectional and comparative study.A total of 154 kidney transplant recipients were included in this study,which was conducted at the Departments of Transplantation and Radiology,Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation,Karachi,Pakistan,from August 2022 to February *** consecutive patients with increased serum creatinine levels and reduced glomerular filtration rate(GFR)after three months of transplantation were enrolled in this *** and RI were performed and the findings of these were evaluated against the kidney allograft biopsy results to determine their diagnostic *** The mean age of all patients was 35.32±11.08 *** these,126(81.8%)were males and 28(18.2%)were *** mean serum creatinine in all patients was 2.86±1.68 mg/dL and the mean estimated GFR was 35.38±17.27 mL/min/1.73 *** allograft biopsy results showed chronic changes in 55(37.66%)*** sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV),and negative predictive value(NPV)of SWE for the detection of chronic allograft damage were 93.10%,96.87%%,94.73%,and 95.87%,respectively,and the diagnostic accuracy was 95.45%.For RI,the sensitivity,specificity,PPV,and NPV were 76.92%,83.33%,70.17%,and 87.62%,respectively,and the diagnostic accuracy was 81.16%.CONCLUSION The results from this study show that SWE is more sensitive and specific as compared to RI in the evaluation of chronic allograft *** can be of great help during the routine follow-up of kidney transplant recipients for screening a

关键词： Shear wave Sonoelastography Resistive index Chronic allograft changes Biopsy Histopathology

Clinicopathological features and medium-term outcomes of histologic variants of primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in adults:A retrospective study

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World Journal of Nephrology 2024年第1期13卷 14-24页

作者： Nazarul Hassan Jafry Shumaila Manan rahma rashid Muhammed Mubarak Department of Nephrology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationSindhKarachi 74200Pakistan Department of Pathology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationSindhKarachi 74200Pakistan

BACKGROUND The Columbia classification identified five histological variants of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS).The prognostic significance of these variants remains *** To evaluate the relative frequency,clinicopathologic characteristics,and medium-term outcomes of FSGS variants at a single center in *** This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Nephrology,Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation,Karachi,Pakistan on all consecutive adults(≥16 years)with biopsy-proven primary FSGS from January 1995 to December *** subjects were treated with steroids as a first-line *** response rates,doubling of serum creatinine,and kidney failure(KF)with replacement therapy were compared between histological variants using ANOVA or Kruskal Wallis,and Chi-square tests as *** were analyzed by SPSS version 22.0.P-value≤0.05 was considered *** A total of 401 patients were diagnosed with primary FSGS during the study *** these,352(87.7%)had a designated histological *** not otherwise specified(NOS)variant was the commonest,being found in 185(53.9%)patients,followed by the tip variant in 100(29.1%)***(COL),cellular(CEL),and perihilar(PHI)variants were seen in 58(16.9%),6(1.5%),and 3(0.7%)patients,*** and PHI variants were excluded from further analysis due to small patient *** mean follow-up period was 36.5±29.2 *** response rates of variants,patients with TIP lesions achieved remission more frequently(59.5%)than patients with NOS(41.8%)and COL(24.52%)variants(P<0.001).The hazard ratio of complete response among patients with the COL variant was 0.163[95%confidence interval(CI):0.039-0.67]as compared to patients with *** TIP variant showed a hazard ratio of 2.5(95%CI:1.61-3.89)for complete remission compared to the NOS ***,progressive KF was observed more frequently in patients with the COL variant,43.

关键词： Adults Columbia classification Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis Histological variants Kidney failure Kidney failure with replacement therapy

Evolution of human kidney allograft pathology diagnostics through 30 years of the Banff classification process

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World Journal of Transplantation 2023年第5期13卷 221-238页

作者： Muhammed Mubarak Amber Raza rahma rashid Shaheera Shakeel Department of Histopathology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Nephrology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan

The second half of the previous century witnessed a tremendous rise in the number of clinical kidney transplants *** activity was,however,accompanied by many issues and *** accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of causes of graft dysfunction were and still are,a big *** allograft biopsy played a vital role in addressing the above ***,its interpretation was not standardized for many years until,in 1991,the Banff process was started to fill this ***,regular Banff meetings took place every 2 years for the past 30 *** changes have taken place in the interpretation of kidney allograft biopsies,diagnosis,and classification of rejection and other non-rejection pathologies from the original Banff 93 *** review attempts to summarize those changes for increasing the awareness and understanding of kidney allograft pathology through the eyes of the Banff *** will interest the transplant surgeons,physicians,pathologists,and allied professionals associated with the care of kidney transplant patients.

关键词： Banff process Rejection Kidney allograft biopsy Transplant pathology Review

The correlation of spot urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio with 24-h urinary protein excretion in various glomerulopathies

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World Journal of Nephrology 2023年第5期12卷 159-167页

作者： Amber Raza Syed Haider Nawaz rahma rashid Ejaz Ahmed Muhammed Mubarak Department of Nephrology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationSindhKarachi 74200Pakistan Department of Pathology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationSindhKarachi 74200Pakistan

BACKGROUND Proteinuria is an important and well-known biomarker of many forms of kidney *** quantitation is of particular importance in the diagnosis and management of glomerular *** quantification can be done by several *** these,the measurement of 24-h urinary protein excretion is the gold standard ***,it is cumbersome,time-consuming,and inconvenient for patients and is not completely *** alternative methods have been tested over time albeit with conflicting *** the latter,the measurement of urine protein-to-creatinine ratio(uPCR)in singlevoided urinary samples is widely *** majority of studies found a good correlation between uPCR in single urine samples with 24-h urinary protein estimation,whereas others did *** To investigate the correlation of spot uPCR with 24-h urinary protein estimation in patients suffering from different forms of glomerulopathies at a single largevolume nephrological center in *** This cross-sectional,observational study was conducted at the Department of Nephrology,Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation,Karachi,Pakistan from September 2017 to March *** newly presenting adult patients with proteinuria who were being investigated for suspected glomerulonephritis and persistent proteinuria with ages between 18 to 60 years were *** patients were given detailed advice regarding 24-h urine collection starting at 7:00 AM for total protein and creatinine excretion estimations.A spot urine sample was collected the next day at the time of submission of a 24-h urine sample for measuring uPCR along with a blood *** data of patients were collected in a *** version 20.0 was used for statistical *** A total of 157 patients were *** mean age was 30.45±12.11 *** were 94(59.8%)males and 63(40.2%)*** mean 24-h urinary protein excretion was 3192.78±1959.79 mg and the mean spot uPCR was 3.16±1.52 in al

关键词： Glomerulopathies 24-h proteinuria Spot urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio Correlation Proteinuria Agreement

Neonatal Outcome of Induced Prematurity for Severe Preeclampsia in Four Great Kinshasa Maternities

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020年第11期10卷 1637-1643页

作者： Olive Yalala Ambambula Andy Muela Mbangama Therese Biselele rashid rahma Tozin Dieudonné Mushengezi Sengeyi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Clinics of Kinshasa Kinshasa DR Congo Department of Pediatrics University Clinics of Kinshasa Kinshasa DR Congo

Severe preeclampsia (SPE) is associated with fetal complications including intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), prematurity and in utero fetal death. Its treatment remains child birth that often is planned before term. However, this attitude can lead to fetal complications related to prematurity. Several studies on preeclampsia have already been studied in the DRC and several aspects have already been realized, but to date, the neonatal outcome has not yet been addressed. Methods: This is cross-sectional study performed in four public hospitals in Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo). We included 400 cases of induced prematurity (IP) for SPE;the analysis compared pregnant women who gave birth before 34 weeks of amenorrhea (WA) and those after 34 WA. The comparison of the proportions was made by the Chi-square test and the calculation of Means by the Student’s test. The significance level was set at P Objective: To determine the frequency of induced prematurity for severe preeclampsia (SPE), to identify the indications and to evaluate neonatal outcome. Results: The IP frequency for SPE was 46.2%. The retro placental hematoma was the most indication in pregnancies before 34 WA 24.9%, while high blood pressure 54.5% in the after 34 WA group. In utero death was more common in pregnant women who gave birth before 34 weeks 25.4%;chroni

关键词： Preeclampsia Induced Prematurity Neonatal Outcome

Pelvic Organs Prolapse in Low-Resources Countries: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Quality of Life. Narrative Review

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Open Journal of Urology 2023年第7期13卷 238-250页

作者： Eloge Ilunga-Mbaya Dénis Mukwege Prosper Lukusa Tshilobo Kenny Raha Maroyi rahma rashid Tozin Dieudonné Sengeyi Mushengezi Urogynecology Unity University Clinics of Kinshasa University of Kinshasa Kinshasa DRC Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics PANZI Hospital Evangelical University of Africa Bukavu DRC Department of Paediatrics Center for Human Genetics Research of University Clinic of Kinshasa and KU Leuven University of Kinshasa Kinshasa DRC Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Urogynecology Unity PANZI Hospital Evangelical University of Africa Bukavu DRC Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics University Clinics of Kinshasa University of Kinshasa Kinshasa DRC

Objective: Pelvic organ prolapse is an emerging public health problem affecting adult women of all ages with a negative impact on social, physical well-being, and psychological. Its presents several challenges in countries with low resources. This literature review aims to examine POP in its epidemiological aspects, risk factors, and staging by taking up the challenges associated with low-resource settings and identifying some avenues for future research. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. The other studies were identified by checking the secondary references in the original citation. We have collected studies on adult women published in English for the last 30 years. In total, 71 articles were read. We excluded studies from all newspaper articles, Studies presenting co-morbidities (fistulas, cervical cancer, pregnancy), those evaluating treatment, letters, comments, case reports, practice guidelines, news, historical articles, legal cases, published erratum, and congresses. Results: 16 studies examining the epidemiology have been identified with 11 in countries defined by the World Bank as limited or intermediate resources. 18 on risk factors whose 10 in countries with limited or intermediate resources, 10 on staging and 27 on physiopathology. Conclusion: POP affects the young more in low-resource settings. Its prevalence remains underestimated for several reasons. Several risk factors found are the same as those of women in countries with a high standard of living. However, there are some specific risk factors for these resource-limited settings.

关键词： Epidemiology Low Resources-Countries Pelvic Organs Prolapse Risk Factors