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3D Depth Measurement for Holoscopic 3D Imaging System

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2016年第6期4卷 49-67页

作者： Eman Alazawi Mohammad rafiq Swash Maysam Abbod Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering College of Engineering Design and Physical Sciences Brunel University West London UK

Holoscopic 3D imaging is a true 3D imaging system mimics fly’s eye technique to acquire a true 3D optical model of a real scene. To reconstruct the 3D image computationally, an efficient implementation of an Auto-Feature-Edge (AFE) descriptor algorithm is required that provides an individual feature detector for integration of 3D information to locate objects in the scene. The AFE descriptor plays a key role in simplifying the detection of both edge-based and region-based objects. The detector is based on a Multi-Quantize Adaptive Local Histogram Analysis (MQALHA) algorithm. This is distinctive for each Feature-Edge (FE) block i.e. the large contrast changes (gradients) in FE are easier to localise. The novelty of this work lies in generating a free-noise 3D-Map (3DM) according to a correlation analysis of region contours. This automatically combines the exploitation of the available depth estimation technique with edge-based feature shape recognition technique. The application area consists of two varied domains, which prove the efficiency and robustness of the approach: a) extracting a set of setting feature-edges, for both tracking and mapping process for 3D depthmap estimation, and b) separation and recognition of focus objects in the scene. Experimental results show that the proposed 3DM technique is performed efficiently compared to the state-of-the-art algorithms.

关键词： Holoscopic 3D Image Edge Detection Auto-Thresholding Depthmap Integral Image Local Histogram Analysis Object Recognition and Depth Measurement

An effective and safe gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection in the right lateral position using an inverted overtube

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第6期20卷 1623-1625页

作者： Hirohito Mori Kazi rafiq Hideki Kobara Noriko Nishiyama Shintaro Fujihara Tatsuo Yachida Maki Ayagi Joji Tani Hisaaki Miyoshi Tsutomu Masaki Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology Kagawa University

Previously, we reported the efficacy of a newly developed inverted overtube in shortening the hemostatic time and obtaining a clear endoscopic view in emergency endoscopic hemostasis. This device also helped us to perform gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) more safely by changing the direction of gravity in the right lateral position. To perform a safe ESD, it is important to make an appropriate angle and distance between the electric knife and the gastric mucosa. In this position, the distance to gastric mucosa is reduced, and the angle of the electric knife changes from vertical to somewhat oblique, facilitating safer cutting.

关键词： Gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection Direction of gravity Right lateral position Appropriate angle and distance

Performance Evaluation of Efficient XOR Structures in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA)

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Circuits and Systems 2013年第2期4卷 147-156页

作者： Mohammad rafiq Beigh Mohammad Mustafa Firdous Ahmad Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Technology University of Kashmir Srinagar India

Quantum-dot cellular automaton (QCA) is an emerging, promising, future generation nanoelectronic computational architecture that encodes binary information as electronic charge configuration of a cell. It is a digital logic architecture that uses single electrons in arrays of quantum dots to perform binary operations. Fundamental unit in building of QCA circuits is a QCA cell. A QCA cell is an elementary building block which can be used to build basic gates and logic devices in QCA architectures. This paper evaluates the performance of various implementations of QCA based XOR gates and proposes various novel layouts with better performance parameters. We presented the various QCA circuit design methodology for XOR gate. These layouts show less number of crossovers and lesser cell count as compared to the conventional layouts already present in the literature. These design topologies have special functions in communication based circuit applications. They are particularly useful in phase detectors in digital circuits, arithmetic operations and error detection & correction circuits. The comparison of various circuit designs is also given. The proposed designs can be effectively used to realize more complex circuits. The simulations in the present work have been carried out using QCADesigner tool.

关键词： Nanoelectronics Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA) Majority Logic Combinational Logic XOR Gate QCA Designer

Effect of fluoride treatment on corrosion behavior of Mg-Ca binary alloy for implant application

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2013年第3期23卷 699-710页

作者： Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi-Rad Mohd Hasbullah Idris Moha mmed rafiq Abdul Kadir Mohammadreza Daroonparvar Materials Engineering Department Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi MalaysiaSkudai 81310JohorMalaysia Department of Biomechanics & Biomedical Materials Faculty of Biomedical Engineering & Health SciencesUniversiti Teknologi MalaysiaSk udai 81310JohorMalaysia

The influence of hydrofluoric acid（HF） treatment on the corrosion behavior of the Mg-0.5Ca alloys was investigated by immersion specimen in sodium hydroxide and HF solutions with various concentrations and durations at room *** evolutions of the specimens were characterized by atomic force microscopy,X-ray diffraction,field-emission scanning electron *** corrosion resistance was examined through potentiodynamic polarization and immersion test in Kokubo *** results revealed that the fluoride treated Mg-0.5Ca alloys produced by immersion in 40% HF provided more uniform,dense and thicker coating layer（12.6 μm） compared with the 35% HF treated *** electrochemical test showed that the corrosion resistance of fluoride treated specimen was 35 times higher compared with the untreated Mg-0.5Ca alloy specimen in Kokubo *** vitro degradation rate of the fluoride treated specimens was much lower than untreated Mg-0.5Ca alloy in Kokubo *** immersion test the surface of 40% HF treated sample showed a few corrosion dots,while untreated specimens were fully covered by corrosion products and *** treated Mg-0.5Ca alloy with 40% HF is a promising candidate as biodegradable implants due to its low degradation kinetics and good biocompatibility.

关键词： Mg-Ca alloy surface treatment corrosion behavior biocompatibility

Do High-Magnesium Cool-Season Grasses Contemplate Grass Tetany Risk?

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2022年第4期12卷 97-118页

作者： Shamima Sabreen Suguru Saiga rafiq Islam Hasinur Rahman The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Iwate University Morioka Japan Department of Plant Production Faculty of Agriculture Iwate University Morioka Japan Soil Water and Bioenergy Resources The Ohio State University South Centers Piketon OH USA Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences The University of Barishal Barishal Bangladesh

Economic losses associated with grass tetany either of death or poor growth performance of livestock are a growing concern. Breeding of high magnesium (high-Mg) cool-season forage grass (C3) has been a challenging process to minimize the hazards of grass tetany. For appraising the breeding of high Mg-containing cultivars in Japanese Andisol, agronomic properties and grass tetany risk of high-Mg cultivars were compared with commercial cultivars. The high-Mg cultivars of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were “Magnet”, “HiMag” and “Mgwell”, respectively. The commercial cultivars were viz., Ace, Tachiwase, and Waseyutaka of Italian ryegrass, Hokuryo, Kentucky-31 (Ky-31), and Fawn of tall fescue, and Akimidori and Okamidori of orchardgrass, respectively. Grasses were grown in temperate Andisol under field conditions with standard management practices and were harvested four times during the year. The average plant heights of the high-Mg containing cultivars were lower than the commercial cultivars with the relative range of −7.4%, −3.7%, and −1.5% for Italian ryegrass, tall fescue, and orchard grass species, respectively. The seasonal yield of high-Mg cultivars was ranked as Magnet > HiMag > Mgwell. The Mgwell orchard grass had lower potassium (K) content compared with their respective commercial cultivars with a relative range of −2.2%. Across four harvests, a significantly higher calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) content, and lower grass tetany potential were recorded in high-Mg cultivars when compared to commercial cultivars, irrespective of species. Across four harvests, the lowest grass tetany index, [K/(Ca + Mg)] of 1.36 was recorded in Mgwell orchard grass. The high-Mg cultivars showed the lowest [K/(Ca + Mg)] across four harvests compared to commercial cultivars, promoting the effectiveness of breeding cool-season grass species to control

关键词： Andisol Temperate Italian Ryegrass Tall Fescue Orchardgrass

Comparative Analysis of Ti,Ni,and Au Electrodes on Characteristics of TiO_2 Nanofibers for Humidity Sensor Application

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2013年第5期29卷 411-414页

作者： S.S.Batool Z.Imran M.Israr Qadir M.Usman H.Jamil M.A rafiq M.M.Hassan M.Willander Micro and Nano Devices Group Department of Metallurgy and Materials EngineeringPakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied SciencesPO NiloreIslamabad 45650Pakistan Department of Science and Technology Campus NorrkpingLinkping UniversitySE-60174 NorrkpingSweden

The effect of metal （Ti, Ni, and Au） electrodes on humidity sensing properties of electrospun TiO2 nanofibers was investigated in this work. The devices were fabricated by evaporating metal contacts on SiO2 layer thermally grown on silicon substrate. The separation between the electrodes was 90 μm for all sensors. The sensors were tested from 40% to 90% relative humidity （RH） by AC electrical characterization at room temperature. When sensors are switched between 40% and 90% RH, the corresponding response and recovery time are 3 s and 5 s for Ti-electrode sensor, 4 s and 7 s for Ni-electrode sensor, and 7 s and 13 s for Au-electrode sensor. The hysteresis was 3%, 5% and 15% for sensitivity of Ti, Ni, and Au-electrode sensors are Ti-, Ni-, and Au-electrode sensor, respectively. The 7.53 MΩ/%RH, 5.29 MΩ/%RH and 4.01 MΩ/%RH respectively at 100 Hz. Therefore Ti-electrode sensor is found to have linear response, fast response and recovery time and higher sensitivity as compared with those of Ni- and Au-electrode sensors. Comparison of humidity sensing properties of sensors with different electrode material may propose a compelling route for designing and optimizing humidity sensors.

关键词： Titanium dioxide Nanofibers Metal electrodes Humidity sensor

Use of Flexible Periotomes and Conventional Periotomes in Atraumatic Extractions: A Comparative Study

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2023年第4期13卷 134-142页

作者： Zoya rafiq Kolari Vinayakrishna Joyce P. Sequeira Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Yenepoya Dental College Mangalore India

The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of flexible periotomes versus non-flexible conventional periotomes in atraumatic dental extractions of similar teeth. The study also aimed to evaluate the wound healing, duration of the procedure, and level of gingival laceration associated with the use of these two instruments. The study was a randomized controlled clinical trial involving 26 patients requiring nonsurgical tooth extractions bilaterally. The subjects were randomized into two groups: the study group, where flexible periotomes were used to break the periodontal ligament, and the control group, where conventional periotomes were used. A total of 52 extractions were performed, either for orthodontic or implant placement purposes. After the extractions, the researchers evaluated the level of gingival laceration, duration of the procedure, and wound healing on postoperative days 1 and 7. Any complications that arose were also noted. The study group (flexible periotome) and control group (conventional periotome) were compared, and the results showed that the flexible periotomes required a shorter duration of time (around 4 minutes) compared to conventional periotomes (7 minutes). Additionally, gingival lacerations were found to be less severe in the study group. In conclusion, the use of flexible periotomes was found to be more efficient in atraumatic dental extractions compared to conventional periotomes. This study highlights the importance of using newer technology to perform atraumatic extractions, particularly in the era of implantology where there is an increased demand for such procedures.

关键词： Randomized Clinical Trial Periotome Flexible Periotome Atraumatic Extraction

Histology of the Body Wall of the Piscine Leech, Cystibranchus mastacembeli （Hirudinea： Piscicolidae）

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2013年第2期3卷 136-143页

作者： Zohair Ibraheem Fattohy Rahemo Narmin rafiq Hamad Department of Biology College of Science University of Mosul Mosul Iraq Department of Biology College of Science University of Salahaddin Erbil Kurdistan lraq

The histology of the body wall of the fish parasitic leech, Cystibranchus masstacembeli Rahemo, 1989 collected from freshwater eel, Mastacembelus simach was investigated. The body wall found consists of five layers, namely： cuticle, epidermis, dennis, muscle layer and botryoidal tissue. Cuticle is very thin layer, casting was evident in some sections, annulation was also seen in longitudinal sections, some time with sensory structures inside the crypts. Epidermis with hammer-shaped ceils, these cells are broad towards the outer and narrower towards their inner ends. In some sections intensively stained haematoxylin-eosin granules from which neck-like tubes leads with filiform projections outward to open to the exterior by minute apertures. Dermis is thicker than epidermis, with distinct large cells connected by a connective tissue and some muscle fibers, also large vacuoles or empty vesicles were detected which are haemocoelomic capillaries, which along with those situated in the epidermis make a respiratory membrane of this leech. Muscle layer consists of outer circular and inner longitudinal, the later is more abundant and occupies more space than the circular. Botryoidal tissue fills the spaces between body wall and inner intestinal or crop diverticulae, its tissue is composed of more or less rounded cells, more eosinophilic cytoplasm but with dark nuclei, intermingled with small oblique or radial muscle fibers, haemocoelomic spaces were also evident in this layer.

关键词： Histology body wall fishes

Functional Analysis of Cotton Ca2+/H+Exchanger Genes, GHCAX1and GHCAX3,Against Abiotic Stresses

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Functional Analysis of Cotton Ca2+/H+Exchanger Genes, GHCAX1...

作者： Kashif rafiq Zahid 华中农业大学

学位级别：硕士

As a second messenger, Ca2+plays major role in cold induced transduction via stimulus-specific increases in [Ca2+]cyt, which is called calcium signature. During this process, CAXs (Ca2+/H+exchangers) play critical roles. For the first time, putative Ca2+/H+exchanger GhCAX3and GhCAXl genes from upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum cv.'YZ-1') were isolated and characterized. GhCAX3and GhCAX1genes may act as a regulator in cotton responsive to abiotic stresses as it could be up-regulated by Ca2+, NaCl, ABA and cold stress. Similar to other CAXs, it was proved that GhCAX3and GhCAXl also had Ca2+transport activity and the N-terminal regulatory region (NRR) through yeast complementation assay. Over-expression of GhCAX3in tobacco showed less sensitivity to ABA during seed germination and seedling stages, but the phenotypic difference between wild type (WT) and transgenic plants was more significant when the NRR was truncated. Furthermore, GhCAX3conferred cold tolerance in yeast as well as tobacco seedlings based on the investigation at physiological and molecular level. However, transgenic plant seeds showed more sensitivity to cold stress compared to WT during seed germination, especially when expressed in N-terminal truncated version. Finally, the extent of sensitivity in transgenic lines was more severe than that in WT line under sodium tungstate treatment (an ABA repressor), indicating ABA could alleviate cold sensitivity of GhCAX3seeds, especially in short of its NRR. Meanwhile, we also found that overexpression of GhCAX3could enhance some cold and ABA responsive marker genes. Taken together, these results suggested that GhCAX3played important roles in the cross-talk of ABA and cold signal transduction, and compared with full-length of GhCAX3, the absence of NRR could enhance the tolerance or sensitivity extent against stresses. Overexpression of GhCAXl in tobacco also showed less sensitivity to ABA, Li+and Mn2+during seed germination and seedling development. Under ABA

关键词： Transgenic tobacco cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Ca2+/H+exchangerprotein (CAX) cold drought salt and high temperature stress ABA signaling tobacco(Nicotiana benthamiana)