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Intracerebral Microdialysis in Neurosurgery for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Report of 2 Preliminary Cases

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2020年第3期10卷 371-381页

作者： Sergio A. Sacchettoni rafael Galera Juan F. Del Corral Juan P. Abud Aníbal Pinero Luis Teneud Napoleón Torres rafael rojas Pedro Rada Félix Guerrero Edgar González Mónica Bifano Dely Yazawa Luis Hernández Hospital and School of Medicine JM Vargas Universidad Central de Venezuela Caracas Venezuela Centro Medico-Docente La Trinidad Caracas Venezuela Neurology Mobile System Associates Miami FL USA Laboratory of Physiology of Behavior Universidad de Los Andes Mérida Venezuela University of Grenoble-Alpes CEA LETI Clinatec France

Neurosurgery for psychiatric disorders, notably for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), was initiated in Venezuela in the decade of 1970, and consisted since that time in the classic stereotactic anterior cingulotomy. In order to know further about the physiopathology of this disorder, we performed intracerebral microdialysis in 2 patients who were operated on. The aim was to measure changes in extracellular neurotransmitters within the basal ganglia. The microdialysis probes were stereotactically placed in the right caudate nucleus and in the dorsomedial nucleus of the right thalamus. The microdialysis was done before the left cingulotomy, during the pause and after the right cingulotomy. Glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) changes were similar in the caudate nucleus of both patients, whereas in the dorsomedial nucleus the changes were opposite among the 2 patients. Although this study does not bring enough data to explain such differences yet, the existence of dynamic changes in the neurochemistry of the basal ganglia during cingulotomy shows that intracerebral microdialysis can help in the understanding of the pathophysiology of OCD and eventually in the design of new surgeries with better results.

关键词： Psychiatric Neurosurgery Psychosurgery Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Intracerebral Microdialysis

Stem Population and Tissue Replacement of <i>Urochloa</i>in Different Phenological Stages

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第8期11卷 1296-1306页

作者： María de los Ángeles Maldonado Peralta Adelaido rafael rojas García Jessica Lizbeth Ruíz Clavel Herminio Aniano Aguirre Filiberto Magadan Olmedo Leopoldo Jorge Castañeda Uriel Mondragón Calderón Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Cuajinicuilapa Guerrero México Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Instituto Tecnológico de Pinotepa Pinotepa Nacional Oaxaca México

The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the Urochloa Insurgent, Piata and Signal grasses by varying the phenology in the attributes: stem population dynamics, tissue replacement, leaf:stem relation and weight per stem. The data were analyzed using a completely randomized block design with arrangement in divided plots and four replications, the procedure used was PROC GLM from SAS. The Signal grass presented higher stem density with an average of 450 m?2 stems, while the meadow with Insurgent grass registered the lowest stem density throughout the investigation, with an average of 320 m-2 stems;furthermore, in this treatment, the stem density tended to increase slowly over time (P = 0.05). The Insurgente and signal grasses showed rapid leaf elongation from day 21 of regrowth with 123 and 104 cm stem?1, while in Piata the accelerated leaf elongation was on day 14 with 113 cm stem?1 where it remained active its growth until day 56 (P > 0.05). As the regrowth age was increasing, the population dynamics of stems and weight per stem were increasing;in Insurgent and signal the leaf elongation and net growth increased to a maximum point to start declining;however, in Piata grass was increasing without decreasing. The trend of the leaf:stem relation was decreasing as the test progressed and senescence increased from day 21 of regrowth.

关键词： Urochloa Stem Population Leaf Elongation Weight Per Stem

Diversity, Distribution and Composition of the Bivalvia Class on the Rocky Intertidal Zone of Marine Priority Region 32, Mexico

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Open Journal of Ecology 2014年第15期4卷 961-973页

作者： rafael Flores-Garza Victor López-rojas Pedro Flores-Rodríguez Carmina Torreblanca Ramírez Unidad Académica de Ecología Marina Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero Acapulco Mexico Unidad de Ciencias de Desarrollo Regional Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero Acapulco Mexico

The Bivalvia Class, is widely represented in marine ecosystems and is economically important;this research focused on this class and was carried out by sampling the rocky intertidal zone of seven sites located in the Marina Region Priority No. 32, Guerrero, Mexico, where the National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity reported lack of knowledge on marine species living there. The objectives were to examine species richness associated with the rocky intertidal zone, determine how the community is composed by the representation of families based on species richness and abundance, know the distribution of the species, analyze the structure sizes of populations and estimate the diversity index. Sampling was conducted at seven sites;the sampling unit was one square meter and the sampling area was 10 m2. 32 species were identified. Four species are new records for the Mexican Pacific Transitional: one for the state of Guerrero and one for Marine Priority Region 32. Arcidae and Mytilidae Families were better represented in species richness and Chamidae Family was the best represented in abundance. Chama coralloides was considered to be the representative species of the area;Striostrea prismatica showed the greatest size. The diversity index was estimated (H' = 3.65 bits/individuals). Species richness is high and corresponds to that expected in a tropical area.

关键词： Bivalvia Distribution Intertidial Zone Guerrero Mexico

Effectiveness of the Experimental Fosfatriclaben in Comparison with Two Commercial Fasciolicides in Cattle

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2019年第11期10卷 498-506页

作者： Tania rojas-Campos Yolanda Vera-Montenegro Miguel Flores-Ramos rafael Castillo Alicia Hernandez-Campos Froylan Ibarra-Velarde Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Departamento de ParasitologiaUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoMexico CityMexico Facultad de Quimica Departamento de FarmaciaUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoMexico CityMexico

The aim of the present study was to compare the fasciolicidal efficacy in cattle of an experimental water-soluble compound, named fosfatriclaben, a prodrug of triclabendazole, with two commercial fasciolicides. For this, twenty-four cross mixed milking cows, aged between 1 to 3 years, naturally infected with Fasciola hepatica, were used. To apply the treatment, animals were divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each being ranked according to their fecal fluke-egg count from the highest to the lowest number of eggs. The compounds were administered in the groups with a single dose. Group 1 (G1) was treated with 6 mg/kg/IM of fosfatriclaben, G2 was treated with triclabendazole at 12 mg/kg/PO;G3 was treated with 5% closantel at 10 mg/kg/SC and G4 was administered with 5 mL/IM of deionized water and served as untreated control. Fecal samples were analyzed on days—8, 0 (treatment day), 7, 14, 21 and 28 to count the number of fasciola eggs before and after the treatment using the sedimentation test. The efficacy was assessed as the percentage of fluke-egg reduction on treated groups relative to the untreated control. The resulting data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test, using the statistical IBM SPSS 24.0 (2016) program. Results indicated a fluke-egg reduction of 100% for fosfatriclaben along the study;triclabendazole showed an efficacy of 99.7% - 100% from day 7 to day 28. In the case of closantel, values from 98.8% to 99.6% were recorded from day 7 to day 28. No statistical differences between treatments were observed (P < 0.05). It was concluded that the experimental fosfatriclaben administered at 6 mg/kg/IM to naturally infected cattle exerted a fasciolicidal efficacy similar to the drugs of choice for the treatment of fasciolosis (triclabendazole) when administered at 12 mg/kg/ PO, and closantel injected at 10 mg/kg/SC.

关键词： Fasciola hepatica Prodrug Triclabendazole Closantel Cattle

Neuroprotective effects of progesterone in acute brain trauma and its physiological mechanism

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Journal of Acute Disease 2018年第1期7卷 20-25页

作者： Luis rafael Moscote-Salazar Alexis Narvaez-rojas Amit Agrawal Guru Dutta Satyarthee Samer Hoz Johana Maraby-Salgado Andrei FJoaquim Cartagena Neurotrauma Research Group Universidad de Cartagena CartagenaColombia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Nicaragua Managua Cartagena Neurotrauma Research GroupUniversidad de CartagenaCartagenaColombia Department of Neurosurgery Narayna Medical College Hospital ChinthareddypalemNellore-524003Andhra PradeshIndia All India Institute of Medical Science New DelhiIndia Teaching Neurosurgery Hospital Bagdad-Iraq Universidad de Cartagena CartagenaColombia Department of Neurology Neurosurgery DivisionState University of CampinasCampinas-Sao PauloBrazil

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and neurological disability in young adults worldwide. This work aims to review the role of progesterone in traumatic brain injury and the usefulness as a possible treatment. We searched pubmed database (2000-2017) for articles containing 'progesterone and brain traumatic injury'. Basic science studies have advanced knowledge of the mechanisms of secondary brain injury, creating prospects for the medical and pharmacological management of TBI. Although several comparative studies evaluated both the efficacy and safety of several groups of drugs, in which, corticosteroids, tranexamic acid, βreceptor antagonists, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, reductase inhibitorsinclude hydroxymethyl glutaryl-CoA inhibitors (statins), among others. Several studies even evaluated the role of progesterone in the treatment of TBI, which is providing growing evidence about its potential neuroprotective mechanisms during the acute phase of trauma. Despite recent advances in the field of management of TBI care in the emergency units, intensive care and the multiple trials for more than 20 years to find useful pharmacological treatments, most of these efforts failed in pre-clinical stages (II and III).

关键词： Head trauma Progesterone Neural trauma Hormones

Cardiovascular complications associated with spinal cord injury

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Journal of Acute Disease 2018年第4期7卷 139-144页

作者： Roberto Fabio Calvo-Infante Alexis Narvaez-rojas Huber Padilla-Zambrano Samer S.Hoz Amit Agrawal Luis rafael Moscote-Salazar University of Cartagena Cartagena de IndiasColombia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Nicaragua Nicaragua Neurosurgeon Department of NeurosurgeryNeurosurgery teaching Hospital-BaghdadIraq Department of Neurosurgery Narayna Medical College HospitalChinthareddypalemNellore-524003Andhra PradeshIndia Neurosurgery-Critical Care Cartagena Neurotrauma Research GroupUniversidad de CartagenaCartagena de IndiasColombia

Spinal cord injury can lead to important functional, psychological and social sequelae. Despite the progress in medicine and greater understanding of the pathophysiological events associated with a traumatic spinal cord injury, spinal cord injury is still associated with a high morbidity and mortality. The involvement of the autonomic nervous system has implications in acute and chronic stages of the injured spinal cord patients. The most frequent cardiovascular complications in the acute phase of the traumatic spinal lesions are bradyarrhythmia, hypotension, increased vasovagal reflexes, ventricular and supraventricular ectopic beats, venous stasis, and vasodilation. In the chronic phase, we find orthostatic hypotension, alteration of the arterial pressure and the regulation of the body temperature as well as alteration of the blood volume. The knowledge of the cardiovascular alterations is of vital importance for the management and rehabilitation of the patients with spinal cord injury. In this article, we present a critical review of medical literature.

关键词： Complications Spinal cord trauma Spinal cord

Evaluation of Commercial Active Carbons for the Removal of s-Triazine Herbicides from Waters

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2011年第2期5卷 135-140页

作者： Francisco J. rojas Moreno Manuel De La Fuente Darder rafael MAarin Galvin Manuel Mayen Jose M.Rodriguez Mellado E.M.A.C.S.A. （Cordoba City Water Management Facility） ST. De los Plateros number 1 Cordoba E-14006 Spain Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department University Campus ＂Rabanales ＂＂Marie Curie＂ Building Cordoba University Cordoba E-14014 Spain Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science University Campus ＂Rabanales ＂＇＂Marie Curie＂ Building Cordoba University Cordoba E-14014 Spain Physical Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics Department University Campus ＂Rabanales ＂＂Marie Curie＂ Building Cordoba University Cordoba E-14014 Spain

The adsorption capacity of powdered active carbons, used in a water treatment facility, for the removal of the triazine herbicides propazine, prometryn and prometon, was evaluated. Kinetic studies showed that some of the carbon samples used could be suitable in the practice for the treatment of moderate contents of the herbicides in contaminated waters. Equilibrium studies showed that the data fit the Frumkin isotherm. The results show that in the adsorption process there are repulsive lateral interactions that depend mainly of the adsorbate molecules rather than the nature or distribution of adsorption sites. Such lateral interactions seem to be established mainly between the isopropyl groups of adjacent molecules, being of the same order for the three molecules. The effectiveness of the active carbons was evaluated by determining the percentage of reduction achieved by each product.

关键词： Active carbon adsorption triazine herbicides herbicides removal propazine prometryn prometon

Screening of Protease Inhibitory Activity in Aqueous Extracts of Marine Invertebrates from Cuban Coast

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2016年第4期7卷 319-331页

作者： Lidice González rafael E. Sánchez Laritza rojas Isel Pascual Rossana García-Fernández María A. Chávez Christian Betzel Centro de Estudio de Proteínas Facultad de Biología Universidad de La Habana La Habana Cuba Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department of Chemistry University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany

Protease inhibitors have been isolated from many variable sources;however, the need to identify and characterize new molecules has increased with the discovery of new therapeutic targets and the lack of specificity of already identified compounds with inhibitory activity. The goal of this work was to search for inhibitory activity against four proteolytic enzymes already recognized as therapeutic targets: human neutrophil elastase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, subtilisin from Bacillus licheniformis and cathepsin K in selected marine invertebrates from the Caribbean Sea. A systematic screening was carried out with selected aqueous extracts belonging to 20 species from seven different phyla: Annelida, Bryozoa, Chordata, Cnidaria, Equinodermata, Mollusca and Porifera, all collected at the coast of Havana (Cuba). All extracts showing initial inhibitory activity were characterized in terms of IC50 values and specific inhibitory activity (SIA). Model enzymes were used in the case of human neutrophil elastase (porcine pancreatic elastase) and cathepsin K (papain) for the screening and all positive results were confirmed by testing toward the therapeutic targets. Ten extracts were identified showing inhibitory activity against human neutrophil elastase, for which the most promising values were obtained for Nerita peloronta. Only one extract, Bunodosoma granulifera, showed inhibitory activity against dipeptidyl peptidase IV with rather poor values of IC50 and SIA. Seven extracts showed inhibitory activity against B. licheniformis subtilisin with very good IC50 and SIA values for Lissodendorix isodyctialis, Cenchritis muricatus, and N. peloronta. Finally, eight extracts were positive for cathepsin K with almost similar parameters values among them. All these results confirmed the richness and potential of the marine invertebrate’s fauna and indicated new promising sources for the identification of natural compounds with potential application in th

关键词： Target Proteases Marine Organisms Protease Inhibitors Screening

Hyponatremia in the acute phase of spinal cord trauma: Review

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Journal of Acute Disease 2018年第3期7卷 103-107页

作者： Luis rafael Moscote Salazar Amit Agrawal Guru Dutta Satyarthee Huber S.Padilla-Zambrano Boris Vladimir Cabrera-Nanclares Romario Mendoza-Flórez Samer Hoz Alexis Narvaez-rojas Universidad de Cartagena Cartagena de IndiasColombia Department of Neurosurgery Narayna Medical College HospitalChinthareddypalemNellore-524003Andhra PradeshIndia All India Institute of Medical Sciences New DelhiIndia School of Medicine.Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas(CIB).Cartagena Neurotrauma Research Group research line.Faculty of Medicine-University of Cartagena CartagenaColombia Neurosurgery Teaching Hospital BaghdadIraq Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Managua Nicaragua

Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disturbance usually observed in neurosurgical patients undergoing surgical management of traumatic, as well as, nontraumatic intracranial pathology. The spinal cord trauma is also associated with occasional development of such hyponatremia;it usually occurs within the first two-weeks of the injury. Hyponatremia can lead to alterations of consciousness, convulsions, coma, cardiac arrhythmias and on rare occasions, death. Authors present a practical oriented review of the literature.

关键词： Hyponatremia Serum sodium Spinal cord trauma Neurotrauma Injury