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Influence of geography and climate on patterns of cell size and body size in the lizard Anolis carolinensis

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第2期8卷 184-196页

作者： rachel m.goodman Arthur C.ECHTERNACHT Jim C.HALL Lihan D.DENG Jessica N.WELCH Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and molecular Biology University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA

Geographic patterns in body size are often associated with latitude,elevation,or environmental and climatic *** study investigated patterns of body size and cell size of the green anole lizard,Anolis carolinensis,and potential associations with geography or climatic *** were sampled from 19 populations across the native range,and body size,red blood cell size and size and number of muscle cells were *** data from local weather stations and latitude and longitude were entered into model selection with Akaike’s information criterion to explain patterns in cell and body *** variables did not drive any major patterns in cell size or body size;rather,latitude and longitude were the best predictors of cell and body *** general,smaller body and cell sizes in Florida anoles drove geographic patterns in *** size in Florida may be attributable to�q�the�geological history of the peninsular state or�the�unique ecological factors in this area,including a recently introduced *** contrast to previous studies,we found that *** does not follow Bergmann’s rule when the influence of Florida is ***,the opposite pattern of larger lizards in southern populations is evident in the absence of Florida populations,and mirrors the general pattern in *** cell size was negatively related to latitude and red blood cell size showed no latitudinal trend outside of *** patterns in the sizes of the 2 cell types confirm the importance of examining multiple cell types when studying geographic variation in cell size.

关键词： Bergmann’s rule ecogeographic pattern latitude longitude reptile temperature

In Bangla There Is No Word for Vagina —Reflections on Language, Sexual Health, and Women’s Access to Healthcare in Resource-Limited Countries

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Health 2016年第12期8卷 1244-1257页

作者： Annekathryn goodman mithila Faruque rachel m. Clark Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston USA Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Faculty of Public Health Bangladesh University of Health Sciences Dhaka Bangladesh

Language plays a central role in how gender and sexuality are described. In Bangla or Bengali, physicians, when educating and counseling women patients, do not have a socially acceptable word for “vagina”. If language is missing for female genitalia or important female sexual functions, could this absence reflect on the position of women in society, reproductive rights, and access to healthcare? Is there a relationship between language and the high rates of the gender-based cervical and breast cancers in some low and middle-income countries? This commentary examines scholarship on the topic of language, the female body, gender-based violence, disparities of healthcare for women, and the consequences of language on sexual attitudes and health.

关键词： Vagina Gender-Based Violence Language Bangla Reproductive Rights Cervical Cancer Bangladesh Healthcare Access Social Determinants of Health

Comparative assessment on rodent impacts and cultural perceptions of ecologically based rodent management in 3 Afro-malagasy farming regions

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第6期15卷 578-594页

作者： Natasha L.CONSTANT Lourens H.SWANEPOEL Samual T.WILLIAmS Voahangy SOARImALALA Steven m.goodman Apia T.mASSAWE Loth S.mULUNGU Rhodes H.mAKUNDI mashaka E.mDANGI Peter J.TAYLOR Steven R.BELmAIN SARChI Chair on Biodiversity Value and Change and Core Team member of the Centre for Invasion Biology School of Mathematical and Natural SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouJohannesburgSouth Africa Sustainable Places Research Institute Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK Department of Zoology School of Mathematical and Natural SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Department of Anthropology Durham UniversityDurhamUK Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education(IGDORE) JohannesburgSouth Africa Association Vahatra AntananarivoMadagascar Institut des Sciences et Techniques de l’EnvironnementUniversitéde Fianarantsoa FianarantsoaMadagascar Field museum of Natural History ChicagoIllinoisUSA Pest management Centre Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania ministry of Agriculture Tanzania Natural Resources InstituteUniversity of Greenwich KentUK

Rodents generate negative consequences for smallholder farmers in Africa that directly impact household and livestock damage,food security,and public *** Based Rodent management(EBRm)seeks sustainable solutions for the mitigation of rodent damage through assessments of rodent population dynamics,agro-ecosystems,and socio-cultural *** adopt a comparative approach across 3 rural Afro-malagasy smallholder farming regions in South Africa,Tanzania,and madagascar to assess the household impacts of rodent pests and current perceptions and preferences associated with several rodent control *** conducted focus group questionnaires and interviews in different study site *** assert multiple impacts on Afro-malagasy farmers demonstrating recurrent and emerging agricultural and household costs,and public health *** identify a significant knowledge gap in educating communities about the application of different EBRm approaches in favor of acute poisons that are perceived to be more *** issues and taboos also have a significant impact on the social acceptance of rodent hunting as well as biological control using indigenous *** advocate for an enhanced investigation of the socio-cultural beliefs associated with different rodent practices to understand the factors underlying social acceptance.A collaborative approach that integrates the perspectives of target communities to inform the design of EBRm initiatives according to the specific agro-ecosystem and socio-cultural context is necessary to ensure programmatic success.

关键词： Africa beliefs crop damage ecologically based rodent management farmer survey

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自己动手增加内存容量

计算机世界月刊 1994年第12期 118-120页

作者： John m.goodman

将现有PC的内存从1mB增加到2mB,从2mB增加到4mB甚至8mB,是很多用户目前都面临的一个问题。这对于充分利用现有PC的能力、最大限度地发挥软件效能、提高工作效率有着非常重要的作用。一般来说,只要会拧螺丝,就应该会给PC增加内存。不仅... 详细信息

将现有PC的内存从1mB增加到2mB,从2mB增加到4mB甚至8mB,是很多用户目前都面临的一个问题。这对于充分利用现有PC的能力、最大限度地发挥软件效能、提高工作效率有着非常重要的作用。一般来说,只要会拧螺丝,就应该会给PC增加内存。不仅增加内存是这样,今天的大多数高档计算机的升级都非常容易,而且价格也很便宜。当给PC增加内存并充分利用之后,将会发现原来的PC可以更快、更好地完成交给它的工作。需要指出的是,目前一般所说的内存、存储器和RAm,其含义都是相同的。在给内存扩容之前,有几个问题需要注意。首先,不是所有低性能的机器都有必要RAm升级,这与机器的SETUP程序和所用的软件有关。第二,如果用户决定给计算机内存扩容的话,那么必须首先知道一些基本的规范,例如目前的机器拥有多大的内存、怎样放置它们、买多少内存合适以及买什么样的类型等等。本文正是要回答以上提出的一些问题,使普通的用户能够自己动手给自己的PC增加内存容量。

关键词：内存容量存储器微机

The role of retinoic acid in the commitment to meiosis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2021年第6期23卷 549-554页

作者： rachel L Gewiss m Christine Schleif michael D Griswold School of molecular Biosciences and Center for Reproductive Biology Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA

male meiosis is a complex process whereby spermatocytes undergo cell division to form haploid *** review focuses on the role of retinoic acid(RA)in meiosis,as well as several processes regulated by RA before cell entry into meiosis that are critical for proper meiotic entry and ***,we discuss RA metabolism in the testis as well as the roles of stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8(STRA8)and mEIOSIN,which are responsive to RA and are critical for *** assert that transcriptional regulation in the spermatogonia is critical for successful meiosis.

关键词： meiosis retinoic acid spermatogenesis testis

INTRODUCTION TO THREE-NEUTRINO mIXING PARAmETERS LISTINGS

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Chinese Physics C 2016年第10期40卷 649-650页

作者： m. goodman ANL

Introduction and Notation： With the exception of possible short-baseline anomalies （such as LSND）, current accelerator, reactor, solar and atmospheric neutrino data can be described within the framework of a 3 × 3...

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BRCA mutated pancreatic cancer:A change is coming

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第17期27卷 1943-1958页

作者： michael N Rosen rachel A Goodwin michael m Vickers Faculty of medicine The University of OttawaOttawa K1H 8L6OntarioCanada The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Center The University of OttawaOttawa K1H 8L6OntarioCanada

Pancreatic cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related death with few available therapies for advanced ***,patients with germline BRCA mutations have received increased attention due to advances in the management of BRCA mutated ovarian and breast *** BRCA mutations significantly increase risk of developing pancreatic cancer and can be found in up to 8%of patients with sporadic pancreatic *** patients with germline BRCA mutations,platinum-based chemotherapies and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibitors are effective treatment options which may offer survival *** review will focus on the molecular biology,epidemiology,and management of BRCA-mutated pancreatic ***-more,we will discuss future directions for this area of research and promising active areas of research.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Systemic therapy Platinum chemotherapy BRCA Deoxyribonucleic acid repair Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibitors

REVIEW Risk Assessment of the mycotoxin Ochratoxin A

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1989年第3期2卷 179-248页

作者： T.KUIPER-goodman P.m.SCOTT Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate Health Protection Branch Health and Welfare Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada K1A0L2

Ochratoxin A (OA) is a mycotoxin which has been found to occur in foods of plant origin, in edible animal tissues, as well as in human blood sera and tissues. The ability of OA to move up the food chain is aided by its long half-life in certain edible animal species. In this report, an evaluation of the health risks to Canadians due to the presence of OA in food products is presented. The first part of the report deals with the physicochemical aspects, mycology, laboratory production, analytical methods, and natural occurrence in plant products, animal products, and human tissues. The stability of OA in foods and feeds, the effects of food processing, and the removal from foods and feeds by physicochemical means are also discussed. From these data, the worst case estimate for the daily exposure of Canadians to OA, from the consumption of pork-based food products and cereal foods, is approximately 5 ng OA/kg body wt (mean of eaters) for young children, the highest consumption group on a body weight basis. The second part of the report deals with the metabolic disposition as well as the available toxicity database for OA in laboratory animals, farm animals, and humans. The major target for OA toxicity in all mammalian species tested is the kidney, and endemic nephropathies affecting livestock as well as humans have been attributed to OA. OA is also teratogenic, and in the fetus the major target is the developing central nervous system. Recent studies have provided 'clear evidence' of the carcinogenicity of OA in two rodent species. OA was found to be nonmutagenic in various microbial and mammalian gene mutation assays, but weak genotoxic activity to mammalian cells was noted. In addition, OA was found to suppress immune function. Based on the NTP carcinogenicity study with OA in rats, the estimated tolerable daily intake in humans ranges from 0.2 to 4.2 ng OA/kg body wt, depending on the method of extrapolation used. In view of the toxic properties of OA, it is recomm

关键词： OA REVIEW Risk Assessment of the mycotoxin Ochratoxin A

Regulation of enolase activation to promote neural protection and regeneration in spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第7期18卷 1457-1462页

作者： Hannah mmcCoy rachel Polcyn Naren LBanik Azizul Haque Department of microbiology and Immunology Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA Department of Neurosurgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA Ralph H.Johnson Veterans Administration medical Center CharlestonSCUSA

Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a debilitating condition characterized by damage to the spinal cord resulting in loss of function,mobility,and sensation with no *** and Drug Administration-approved ***,a multifunctional glycolytic enzyme upregulated after SCI,promotes pro-and anti-inflammatory events and regulates functional recovery in *** is normally expressed in the cytosol,but the expression is upregulated at the cell surface following cellular injury,promoting glial cell activation and signal transduction pathway ***-induced microglia activation triggers pro-inflammatory mediators at the injury site,activating other immune cells and metabolic events,i.e.,Rho-associated kinase,contributing to the neuroinflammation found in *** surface expression also activates cathepsin X,resulting in cleavage of the C-terminal end of neuron-specific enolase(NSE)and non-neuronal enolase(NNE).Fully functional enolase is necessary as NSE/NNE C-terminal proteins activate many neurotrophic processes,i.e.,the plasminogen activation system,phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B,and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated *** here suggest an enolase inhibitor,ENOblock,attenuates the activation of Rho-associated kinase,which may decrease glial cell activation and promote functional recovery following ***,ENOblock inhibits cathepsin X,which may help prevent the cleavage of the neurotrophic C-terminal protein allowing full plasminogen activation and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase *** combined NSE/cathepsin X inhibition may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing neuroinflammation/degeneration and promoting neural cell regeneration and recovery following *** role of cell membrane-expressed enolase and associated metabolic events should be investigated to determine if the same strategies can be applied to other neu

关键词： cathepsin X ENOblock enolase glia mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase neurodegeneration neuroinflammation phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B Rho-associated protein kinase spinal cord injury