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Assessing the Efficacy of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and Sambong (Blumea balsamifera) Extracts in Combating Black Pod Disease: Sustainable Solutions for Controlling Phytophthora megakarya in Cameroon’s Cocoa Plantations

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 519-537页

作者： Gertrude Membang James michel Tchotet Tchoumi Godswill Ntsomboh Ntsefong Emmanuel Yvan Mba Ela Sylvere landry lontsi Dida ludovic Tchuenkam Tsango Pascal loïc Ekango Mbondjo Fritz Oben Tabi Innovative Plant Health laboratory Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA)-Bafia Annex University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon IDepartment of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon laboratory of Phytopathology and Crop Protection Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA) University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

The use of plant extracts as antifungal agents is gaining increasing attention, particularly for the control of black pod disease in cocoa. Despite extensive research, current strategies haven’t been entirely effective. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Cymbopogon citratus and Blumea balsamifora leaf extracts, both individually and in combination, against Phytophthora megakarya. We assessed the efficacy of the most promising combination (75% B. balsamifera, 25% C. citratus) after storage at room temperature for up to 9 days. Agar microdilution and in vivo bioassays were conducted to determine antifungal susceptibility and effectiveness. Blumea extract exhibited the highest overall inhibitory activity, with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (117 µl ml−1) while C. citratus had a narrower range of MIC (146 to 233 µl ml−1). The combination of C. citratus and B. balsamifera demonstrated a synergistic effect against P. megakarya, achieving growth inhibition on V8 media (92.72 ± 4.20% to 100%) and on artificially infected detached pod cortex (92.24 ± 4.53% to 98.75 ± 1.25%), which was not significantly different from the positive control (Ridomil). Furthermore, this combination maintained its effectiveness for up to 9 days at room temperature. These findings suggest that combining plant extracts can enhance their antifungal properties.

关键词： Plant Extracts Antifungal Agents Synergistic Effect Black Pod Disease Cocoa

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Conodont evolution and stratotype sign of carboniferous Tournaisian-Visean boundary in South China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2131-2141页

作者： michel Coen louvian University of Belgium B-1348 Louvian-la-Neuve Belgium

A stratotype section, boundary point and conodont sign have been recommended for GSSP of the Tournaisian-Visean boundary, based on studies of sectional sedimentology, conodont facies and phylogeneses in South China. Two areas representing margin and inner of the Yangtzi Plate and three sections of different facies were chosen, i.e. the longdianshan sec-tion of the platform facies in liuzhou of Guangxi, the Yudong section of the ramp facies in Shidian of Yunnan and the Pengchong section of the basin facies in liuzhou of Guangxi. Stratigraphic frameworks of two areas were set up by systematical studies of carbonate facies and cycles. Conodont facies-distribution and paleoecologic conditions were researched on statistics of fossil variation and richness, and a kind of planktonic conodont, gnathodids that were widespread, is chosen to select the sign-fossil from it. Seven conodont pedigrees were supplemented or erected by studies of statistics and transitional forms. Conodont evolution in the Early Carboniferous could be divided into three stages, i.e. the Siphonodella stage, the Gnathodus typicus stage and the Gnathodus bilineatus stage. The transform-surface between the later two stages could be put as the Tournaisian-Visean boundary. Finally, this paper proposes that the Pengchong section can be the stratotype candidate of the Tournaisian-Visean boundary, the boundary point be put at the bottom of bed 58 and the stratotype sign of conodont be the first occurrence of Gnathodus praebilineatus of the Gnathodus semiglaber branch.

关键词： Tournaisian-Visean boundary, global stratotype, conodont evolution.

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Diabetic Macroangioapathy at the Internal Medicine Department of the Abass Ndao Hospital Center (About 359 Cases)

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2024年第1期14卷 1-12页

作者： Sow Djiby Djiba Boundia Ndour michel Assane Diedhiou Demba Dieng Mouhamed Diallo Ibrahima Mané Fall Ndiouga Gueye Khoudia Gadji Fatou Kiné Sarr Anna Diop Said Nourou Ndour Mbaye Maimouna Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties H&#244pital Abass Ndao Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Macroangiopathy plays an important role, with a high prevalence of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. The aim was to study the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary profile of macroangiopathy in diabetic patients in the internal medicine department of the Abass Ndao hospital. Patients and methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study. Our investigations were recruited over a 7-year period (January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2022). Results: Three hundred and fifty-nine (359) patients (10.22%) were enrolled. The mean age was 62.83 years, with extremes ranging from 17 to 98 years. The [60 - 69] age group was more representative (37.32%). Women accounted for 180 cases (50.1%), with a sex ratio (m/f) of 0.99. The average duration of diabetes was 11.86 years. Average consultation time was 38.07 days, with extremes ranging from 1 to 368 days. Average hospital stay was 7.65 days. Inaugural diabetes was noted in 12 cases (3.34%). Type 2 diabetes accounted for 95.82% (n = 344) of patients. Hypertension was present in 150 patients (41.8%). Patients with 2 risk factors accounted for 173 cases (48.18%). Nineteen patients had already had a stroke (5.29% of cases). Fourteen (14) patients (4.2%) were amputees. Obliterative arteriopathy of the lower limbs (AOMI) was noted in 193 patients (54%). Stroke was noted in 101 patients (28%). Ischemic heart disease (IHD) was noted in 38 patients (11%). AOMI was more common in males (110 patients, 57%) than in females (43%). Seventy-three (73) patients (20.3%) died. Predictors of death were age over 60 and the existence of more than two cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion: Diabetic macroangiopathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The development and implementation of a prevention and management program is essential.

关键词： Macroangiopathy Diabetes Risk Factors Senegal

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New Partial Geometric Difference Sets and Partial Geometric Difference Families

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2017年第5期33卷 591-606页

作者： Jerod michel School of Mathematical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China

Using Galois rings and Galois fields, we construct several infinite classes of partial geometric difference sets, and partial geometric difference families, with new parameters. Furthermore, these partial geometric difference sets(and partial geometric difference families) correspond to new infinite families of directed strongly regular graphs. We also discuss some of the links between partially balanced designs, 2-adesigns(which were recently coined by Cunsheng Ding in "Codes from Difference Sets"(2015)), and partial geometric designs, and make an investigation into when a 2-adesign is a partial geometric design.

关键词： Partial geometric design cyclotomic class directed strongly regular graph partial geometric difference set partial geometric difference family

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Which algebraic groups are Picard varieties?

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Science China Mathematics 2015年第3期58卷 461-478页

作者： BRION michel Institut Fourier Universit'e de Grenoble

We show that every connected commutative algebraic group over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0 is the Picard variety of some projective variety having only finitely many non-normal *** contrast,no Witt group of dimension at least 3 over a perfect field of prime characteristic is isogenous to a Picard variety obtained by this construction.

关键词： algebraic group Picard variety pinching

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On the Order of Magnitude of the Divisor Function

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2006年第2期22卷 377-382页

作者： michel WEBER Mathmatique Universit Louis-Pasteur et G.N.R.S.7 rue Rene Descartes. 67084-Strasbourg Cedex France

let D be an increasing sequence of positive integers, and consider the divisor functions：d（n, D） =∑d｜n,d∈D,d≤√n1, d2（n,D）=∑[d,δ]｜n,d,δ∈D,[d,δ]≤√n1,where [d,δ]=1.c.m.（d,δ）. A probabilistic argumen... 详细信息

关键词： Divisor function Prime divisors Bernoulli random walk

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New results on the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon g-2

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Chinese Physics C 2010年第6期34卷 718-727页

作者： michel Davier laboratoire de l'Acclrateur linaire IN2P3/CNRSUniversit Paris-Sud 11

Results on the lowest-order hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon magnetic anomaly are presented. They are based on the latest published experimental data used as input to the dispersion integral. Thus recent results on τ→υτππ^0 decays from Belle and on e^＋e^- annihilation to π^＋π^- from BABAR and KlOE are included. The new data, together with improved isospin-breaking corrections for τ decays, result into a much better consistency among the different results. A discrepancy between the Standard Model prediction and the direct g- 2 measurement is found at the level of 3σ.

关键词： muon magnetic moment vacuum polarization electron-positron annihilation tau decays g-2

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Predicting 2D silicon allotropes on SnS2

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Nano Research 2017年第5期10卷 1697-1709页

作者： Emilio Scalise michel Houssa Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Eisenforschung GmbH Max-Planck-StraBe 1 40237 Dusseldorf Germany Semiconductor Physics laboratory Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200 D B-3001 Leuven Belgium

A first principles study on the stability and structural and electronic properties of two-dimensional silicon allotropes on a semiconducfing layered metal-chalcogenide compound, namely SnS2, is performed. The interactions between the two- dimensional silicon layer, commonly known as silicene, and the layered SnS2 template are investigated by analyzing different configurations of silicene. The calculated thermodynamic phase diagram suggests that the most stable configuration of silicene on SnS2 belongs to a family of structures with Si atoms placed on three different planes; so-called dumbbell silicene. This particular dumbbell silicene structure preserves its atomic configuration on SnS2 even at a temperature of 500 K or as a ＂flake＂ layer （i.e., a silicene cluster terminated by H atoms）, thanks to the weak interactions between the silicene and the SnS2 layers. Remarkably, an electric field can be used to tune the band gap of the silicene layer on SnS2, eventually changing its electronic behavior from semiconducting to （semi）metallic. The stability of silicene on SnS2 is very promising for the integration of silicene onto semiconducting or insulating substrates. The tunable electronic behavior of the silicene/SnS2 van der Walls heterostructure is very important not only for its use in future nanoelectronic devices, but also as a successful approach to engineering the bang-gap of layered SnS2 paving the way for the use of this layered compound in energy harvesting applications.

关键词： silicene tin sulfide van der Waals (vdW)heterostructure dumbbell chalcogenide

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Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer Management in Eastern DR Congo. About 55 Cases Were Collected from January 2002 to December 2016 Panzi General Referral Hospital

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2024年第4期15卷 179-189页

作者： Bafunyembaka Muka Alain Kitumaini Munyahali John Ciruza Balegana Jean-Claude lobe lottin michel luhiriri Ndanda levi Kavira Isse Somo Prisca Amisi Mangaza Emilie Alumeti Munyali Desire Ahuka Ona longombe Albert Department of Surgery H.G.R Panzi/Universit&#233 Evang&#233liqueen Afrique Bukavu DR Congo

A retrospective study was conducted at the HGR de Panzi in eastern DR Congo to determine the profile of colorectal cancer (CRC) management based on 55 cases out of 129 digestive cancers diagnosed in the digestive surgery, endoscopy, and pathology department of the HGR de Panzi from January 2002 to December 2016. The prevalence of CRC was 42.6%. The mean age of patients was 50.8 years, with a range of 20 to 81 years. The male to female ratio was 2.2. In 69.1% of cases, the patients had a low socioeconomic status, and 52.7% had a history of hemorrhoids. Rectorrhagia revealed CCR in 49.1% of cases. The mode of discovery was predominantly emergency in 69.1% of cases, and 58.20% of CRCs were diagnosed by an initial endoscopy of the lower colon. Adenocarcinoma was found in 94.5% of cases, and 45% of cases required abdominoperineal amputation. Various postoperative complications were experienced by 54.5% of patients, and 25.5% of patients died. To decrease the occurrence of these types of cancers, it is necessary to focus on early detection in the population and enhance access to primary healthcare for everyone.

关键词： Assessment Management Colorectal Cancer

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Analytical investigation of bidirectional ductile diaphragms in multi-span bridges

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2018年第2期17卷 235-250页

作者： Xiaone Wei michel Bruneau Michael Baker International ChicagoIL 60606USA Department of Civil Structuraland Environmental EngineeringUniversity at BuffaloBuffaloNY 14260USA

In the AASHTO Guide Specifications for Seismic Bridge Design Provisions,ductile diaphragms are identified as Permissible Earthquake-Resisting Elements（EREs）,designed to help resist seismic loads applied in the transverse direction of *** adding longitudinal ductile diaphragms,a bidirectional ductile diaphragm system is created that can address seismic excitations acting along both the bridge’s longitudinal and transverse *** paper investigates bidirectional ductile diaphragms with Buckling Restrained Braces（BRBs）in straight multi-span bridge with simply supported floating *** flexibility of the substructures in the transverse and longitudinal direction of the bridge is *** procedures for the bidirectional ductile diaphragms are first *** analytical model of the example bridge with bidirectional ductile diaphragms,designed based on the proposed methodology,is then built in *** and nonlinear time history analyses are performed on the bridge model,and corresponding results are *** effect of changing the longitudinal stiffness of the bidirectional ductile diaphragms in the end spans connecting to the abutment is also investigated,in order to better understand the impact on the bridge’s dynamic performance.

关键词： bidirectional ductile diaphragm seismic resistance multi-span bridge with floating spans

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