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reconstructing forest and grassland cover changes in China over the past millennium

Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 94-110页

作者： Fanneng he Fan YANG Yafei wang Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Key research institute of Yellow river Civilization and Sustainable Development Henan University Univer.ity of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Historical forest and grassland cover changes not only are critical indicators for quantifying ecological and environmental change processes but also serve as fundamental data for long-term climate change simulations and terrestrial ecosystem carbon emission assessments. However, because of limitations in historical data, quantitative estimations and spatially gridded reconstructions of these changes remain challenging, necessitating further methodological exploration. This study focused on China's present-day land area over the past millennium, objectively capturing the characteristics and drivers of forest and grassland cover changes. On this basis, using the forest transition theory and the space-for-time substitution method, we depicted the historical deforestation process as an inverted “S” curve and developed a model to reconstruct historical forest area changes based on the functional relationship between the forest area and population size dynamics. Subsequently, a gridded forest allocation model was established on the basis of deforestation tendencies. For the grassland cover, we implemented regionspecific methods, such as the cropland area deduction method and the habitat constr.int method, to quantitatively reconstruct historical changes. Consequently, we obtained provincial forest and grassland area changes over the past millennium and mapped 10-km-resolution gridded data of forest and grassland cover. The results indicated the following.(1) The methods developed using population data as a proxy objectively reproduced the spatiotemporal evolution of forest and grassland cover.in China over the past millennium. These feasible methods offer a novel pathway for the quantitative reconstruction of historical forest and grassland cover changes.(2) The data indicated that China's forest area generally decreased over the past millennium, characterized by a “decrease-then-increase” pattern. The forest area experienced three distinct phases: a slow decline(AD 1000

关键词： Land use and land cover change Forest Grassland Quantitative reconstruction Gridded reconstruction China historical period

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Constr.ints on holographic QCD phase transitions from PTA observations

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 71-78页

作者： Song he Li Li Sai wang Shao-Jiang wang Center for Theoretical Physics and College of Physics Jilin University School of Physical Science and Technology Ningbo University Max Planck institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein institute) CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) Theoretical Physics Division Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The underlying physics of QCD phase transition in the early Universe remains largely unknown due to its strong-coupling nature during the quark-gluon plasma/hadron gas transition, yet a holographic model has been proposed to quantitatively fit the lattice QCD data while with its duration of the first-order phase transition(FoPT) left undeter.ined. At specific baryon chemical potential, the first-order QCD phase transition agrees with the observational constr.int of baryon asymmetry. it, therefore, provides a scenario for phase transition gravitational waves(GWs) within the standard model of par.icle physics. if these background GWs could contribute dominantly to the recently claimed common-spectrum red noise from pulsar timing array(PTA) observations, the duration of this FoPT can be well constr.ined, and the associated primor.ial black holes are still allowed by current observations.

关键词： pulsar timing array QCD phase transition gravitational waves primor.ial black holes

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Effect of Progressive Substitution of Cement and Lime by Powdered Shells Used as a Curing Agent for Dredged Soil in a Port Area

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Journal of Wuhan Univer.ity of Technology(Materials Science) 2025年第1期40卷 88-102页

作者： SUN Yang wang Faxin SU Yaying Li Yiwei he Feng College of Harbour Coastal and Offshore EngineeringHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Huai'an research institute Hohai UniversityHuai'an 223025China Jiangsu Fangyang industrial investment Corp.Ltd. Lianyungang 210098China

This study aimed to address the challenges of solid waste utilization,cost reduction,and carbon reduction in the treatment of deep-dredged soil at Xuwei Port in Lianyungang city of *** research in this area was ***,a curing agent made from powdered shells was used to solidify the dredged soil in *** employed laboratory orthogonal tests to investigate the physical and mechanical proper.ies of the powdered shell-based curing *** was collected by conducting experiments to assess the role of powdered shells in the curing process and to deter.ine the optimal ratios of powdered shells to solidified soil for different *** development of strength in solidified soil was studied in both seawater and pure water *** study revealed that the strength of the solidified soil was influenced by the substitution rate of powdered shells and their.interaction with *** cement content had a positive effect on *** high-strength solidified soil,the recommended ratio of wet soil:cement:lime:powdered shells were 100:16:4:4,while for low-strength solidified soil,the recommended ratio was 100:5.4:2.4:***,under appropriate conditions,improved short-term strength by promoting the formation of expansive ettringite minerals that contributed to cementation and *** findings suggest that the combination of cement and powdered shells is syner.istic,positively affecting the strength of solidified *** recommended ratios provide practical guidance for achieving desired strength levels while considering factors such as cost and carbon *** role of seawater.in enhancing short-term strength through crystal formation is noteworthy and can be advantageous for certain *** conclusion,this research demonstrates the potential of using a powdered shell-based curing agent for solidifying dredged soil in an environmentally friendly and cost-effective *** recommended ratios for different str

关键词： carbon reduction and solidification dredged soil abandoned shells orthogonal test chemical additives(lime and cement) unconfined compressive strength(UCS)

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Mechanism of inflammatory response and therapeutic effects of stem cells in ischemic stroke:current evidence and future perspectives

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第1期20卷 67-81页

作者： Yubo wang Tingli Yuan Tianjie Lyu Ling Zhang Meng wang Zhiying he Yongjun wang Zixiao Li Vascular Neurology Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina China National Clinical research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Shanghai Engineering research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine ShanghaiChina National Center for healthcare Quality Management in Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina institute for regenerative Medicine Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina Chinese institute for Br.in research BeijingChina research Unit of Ar.ificial intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina Beijing Engineering research Center of Digital healthcare for Neurological Diseases BeijingChina

ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide,with an increasing trend and tendency for onset at a younger ***,in par.icular,bears a high burden of stroke *** recent years,the inflammatory response after stroke has become a research hotspot:understanding the role of inflammatory response in tissue damage and repair following ischemic stroke is an important direction for.its *** review summarizes several major cells involved in the inflammatory response following ischemic stroke,including microglia,neutrophils,monocytes,lymphocytes,and ***,we have also highlighted the recent progress in various treatments for.ischemic stroke,par.icularly in the field of stem cell ***,understanding the complex interactions between inflammation and ischemic stroke can provide valuable insights for developing treatment strategies and improving patient *** cell therapy may potentially become an important component of ischemic stroke treatment.

关键词： cell therapy immune cell inflammatory ischemic stroke stem cell

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Occluded Gait Emotion recognition Based on Multi-Scale Suppression Graph Convolutional Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 1255-1276页

作者： Yuxiang Zou Ning he Jiwu Sun Xunr.i Huang Wenhua wang Beijing Key Laboratory of information Ser.ice Engineering Beijing Union UniversityBeijing100101China College of Smart City Beijing Union UniversityBeijing100101China

in recent years,gait-based emotion recognition has been widely applied in the field of computer ***,existing gait emotion recognition methods typically rely on complete human skeleton data,and their accuracy significantly declines when the data is *** enhance the accuracy of gait emotion recognition under occlusion,this paper proposes a Multi-scale Suppression Graph ConvolutionalNetwork(MS-GCN).TheMS-GCN consists of three main components:Joint interpolation Module(Ji Moudle),Multi-scale Temporal Convolution Network(MS-TCN),and Suppression Graph Convolutional Network(SGCN).The Ji Module completes the spatially occluded skeletal joints using the(K-Nearest Neighbors)KNN interpolation *** MS-TCN employs convolutional kernels of various sizes to comprehensively capture the emotional information embedded in the gait,compensating for the temporal occlusion of gait *** SGCN extracts more non-prominent human gait features by suppressing the extraction of key body part features,thereby reducing the negative impact of occlusion on emotion recognition *** proposed method is evaluated on two comprehensive datasets:Emotion-Gait,containing 4227 real gaits from sources like BML,iCT-Pollick,and ELMD,and 1000 synthetic gaits generated using STEP-Gen technology,and ELMB,consisting of 3924 gaits,with 1835 labeled with emotions such as“Happy,”“Sad,”“Angry,”and“Neutral.”On the standard datasets Emotion-Gait and ELMB,the proposed method achieved accuracies of 0.900 and 0.896,respectively,attaining performance comparable to other ***,on occlusion datasets,the proposedmethod significantly mitigates the performance degradation caused by occlusion compared to other methods,the accuracy is significantly higher than that of other methods.

关键词： KNN interpolation multi-scale temporal convolution suppression graph convolutional network gait emotion recognition human skeleton

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The detection, extraction and parameter estimation of extreme-mass-ratio inspirals with deep lear.ing

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 86-96页

作者： Qianyun Yun Wen-Biao Han Yi-Yang Guo he wang Minghui Du Hangzhou institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiji Laboratory for Gravitational Wave Universe (Beijing/Hangzhou) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MoE Lanzhou University institute of Theoretical Physics & research Center of Gravitation Lanzhou University international Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific (iCTP-AP) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) Center for Gravitational Wave Experiment National Microgravity Laboratory Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences

One of the primary goals of space-borne gravitational wave detectors is to detect and analyze extreme-mass-ratio inspirals(EMris). This task is par.icularly challenging because EMri signals are complex, lengthy, and faint. in this work, we introduce a2-layer convolutional neural network(CNN) approach to detect EMri signals for space-borne detectors, achieving a true positive rate(TPr) of 96.9% at a 1% false positive rate(FPr) for signal-to-noise ratio(SNr) from 50 to 100. Especially, the key intrinsic parameters of EMris such as the mass, spin of the supermassive black hole(SMBH) and the initial eccentricity of the or.it can also be inferred directly by employing a neural network. The mass and spin of the SMBH can be deter.ined at 99% and 92% respectively. This will greatly reduce the parameter spaces and computing cost for the following Bayesian parameter *** model also has a low dependency on the accuracy of the waveform model. This study underscores the potential of deep lear.ing methods in EMri data analysis, enabling the rapid detection of EMri signals and efficient parameter estimation.

关键词： gravitational wave EMris deep-learing

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Characteristic changes in astrocyte proper.ies during astrocyte-to-neuron conver.ion induced by NeuroD1/Ascl1/Dlx2

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第6期20卷 1801-1815页

作者： Qing he Zhen wang Yuchen wang Mengjie Zhu Zhile Liang Kanghong Zhang Yuge Xu Gong Chen GHM institute of CNS regeneration Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina

Direct in vivo conver.ion of astrocytes into functional new neurons induced by neural transcription factors has been recognized as a potential new therapeutic intervention for neural injury and degenerative disorders. However, a few recent studies have claimed that neural transcription factors cannot convert astrocytes into neurons, attributing the converted neurons to pre-existing neurons mis-expressing transgenes. in this study, we overexpressed three distinct neural transcription factors––NeuroD1, Ascl1, and Dlx2––in reactive astrocytes in mouse cor.ices subjected to stab injury, resulting in a series of significant changes in astrocyte proper.ies. initially, the three neural transcription factors were exclusively expressed in the nuclei of astrocytes. Over time, however, these astrocytes gradually adopted neuronal morphology, and the neural transcription factors was gradually observed in the nuclei of neuron-like cells instead of astrocytes. Furthermore,we noted that transcription factor.infected astrocytes showed a progressive decrease in the expression of astrocytic markers AQP4(astrocyte endfeet signal), CX43(gap junction signal), and S100β. importantly, none of these changes could be attributed to transgene leakage into preexisting neurons. Therefore, our findings suggest that neural transcription factors such as NeuroD1, Ascl1, and Dlx2 can effectively convert reactive astrocytes into neurons in the adult mammalian br.in.

关键词： aquaporin-4 Ascl1 astrocyte cortex Dlx2 gap junction glia-to-neuron conver.ion neural regeneration NeuroD1 reprogramming

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Magnetron sputtered nickel oxide with suppressed interfacial defect states for efficient inverted perovskite solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 348-355页

作者： Guoqiang Ma Qin Tan Zhaoning Li Jingwei Xiu Jiafeng wang Tianle Cheng Dong he Qiang Sun Xuhang Ma Francesco Lamber.i Zhubing he Department of Materials Science and Engineering Institute of Innovative Materials (I2M) Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG)Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Core research Facilities Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemical Sciences Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova

Widely used spin-coated nickle oxide （NiOx） based perovskite solar cells often suffer from severe interfacial reactions between the NiOxand adjacent perovskite layers due to surface defect states,which inherently impair device performance in a long-term view,even with surface molecule *** this study,we developed high-quality magnetron-sputtered NiOxthin films through detailed process optimization,and compared systematically sputtered and spin-coated NiOxthin film surfaces from materials to *** sputtered NiOxfilms exhibit improved crystallinity,smoother surfaces,and significantly reduced Ni3+or Ni vacancies compared to their spin-coated ***,the interface between the perovskite and sputtered NiOxfilm shows a substantially reduced density of defect *** solar cells （PSCs） fabricated with our optimally sputtered NiOxfilms achieved a high power conver.ion efficiency （PCE） of up to 19.93%and demonstrated enhanced stability,maintaining 86.2% efficiency during 500 h of maximum power point tracking under one standard sun ***,with the surface modification using (4-(2,7-dibromo-9,9-dimethylacridin-10（9H）-yl)butyl)p hosphonic acid （DMAcPA）,the device PCE was further promoted to 23.07%,which is the highest value reported for sputtered NiOxbased PSCs so far.

关键词： Perovskite

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Personalized federated few-shot node classification

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Science China(information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 204-218页

作者： Yunfeng ZHAO Xintong he Guoxian YU Jun wang Yongqing ZheNG Carlotta DOMENiCONi School of Software Shandong University Joint SDU-NTU Centre for Ar.ificial intelligence research Shandong University Department of Mathematics National University of Singapore Department of Computer Science George Mason University

Personalized federated lear.ing(PFL) aims to tr.in customized models for.individual clients in a decentralized setting, with the account of non-independent and identically distributed data across clients. However, most PFL methods adopt uniform classification layers for diverse clients and give rise to error-prone predictions, due to the task heterogeneity notably prominent in decentralized graph data scenarios. Although some PFL solutions setup client-specific classification layers for each client and optimize them only locally, they are corrupted with limited local tr.ining data. We propose an innovative solution called federated parameter decoupling and node augmentation(Fed PANo) to address these problems and to achieve personalized federated few-shot node classification, which is a prevalent and challenging but unexplored topic. Specifically, Fed PANo first separates the local model into the GNN and classifier to handle unique client-specific task variations. The GNN is tr.ined through federated lear.ing to capture shared knowledge of graph nodes across clients, while the classifier.is custom-designed and tr.ined individually for each client. Additionally, a generic classifier shared among clients is adopted to encourage the GNN's grasp of shared information. Then Fed PANo further proposes the node generator along with its local and collaborative tr.ining strategies to deal with the node scar.ity of clients. Extensive experimental results on benchmark datasets confirm that Fed PANo outperforms eight competitive baselines across different settings.

关键词： personalized federated lear.ing few-shot lear.ing node classification task heterogeneity parameter decoupling node augmentation

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research progress of catalysts for direct coal liquefaction

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 481-497页

作者： Wei Song Penggao Liu Xinyue Chen Ting wang Chunrong he r.i Hao Kaiyu Liu State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy resources College of Chemistry Xinjiang University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Polytechnic University Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University

Coal direct liquefaction technology is a crucial contemporary coal chemical technology for efficient and clean use of coal resources. The development of direct coal liquefaction technology and the promotion of alternative energy sources are important measures to guarantee energy security and economic security. However, several challenges need to be addressed, including low conver.ion rate, inadequate oil yield, significant coking, demanding reaction conditions, and high energy consumption. Extensive research has been conducted on these issues, but further exploration is required in certain aspects such as pyrolysis of macromolecules during the liquefaction process, hydrogen activation, catalysts' performance and stability, solvent hydrogenation, as well as interactions between free radicals to understand their mechanisms better. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the design strategy for efficient catalysts in coal liquefaction, encompassing the mechanism of coal liquefaction, catalyst construction,and enhancement of catalytic conver.ion efficiency. it serves as a comprehensive guide for further research endeavors. Firstly, it systematically summarizes the conver.ion mechanism of direct coal liquefaction, provides detailed descriptions of various catalyst design strategies, and especially outlines the catalytic mechanism. Furthermore, it addresses the challenges and prospects associated with constructing efficient catalysts for direct coal liquefaction based on an understanding of their action mechanisms.

关键词： Direct coal liquefaction Catalysts Mechanism of action Solvent hydrogenation

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