检索结果-南通市图书馆

Post-weaning and whole-of-life performance of pigs is determined by live weight at weaning and the complexity of the diet fed after weaning

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Animal Nutrition 2017年第4期3卷 372-379页

作者： Cherie L.Collins john r.Pluske rebecca S.Morrison Trevor N.McDonald r.ber. j.smits David j.Henman Ingunn Stensland Frank r.Dunshea rivalea Australia Pty Ltd School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne

The production performance and financial outcomes associated with weaner diet complexity for pigs of different weight classes at weaning were examined in this experiment. A total of 720 weaner pigs(360 entire males and 360 females) were selected at weaning(27 ± 3 d) and allocated to pens of 10 based on individual weaning weight(light weaning weight: pigs below 6.5 kg; medium weaning weight: 6.5 to8 kg; heavy weaning weight: above 8.5 kg). Pens were then allocated in a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with the respective factors being weaning weight(heavy, medium and light; H, M and L,respectively), weaner diet complexity(high complexity/cost, HC; low complexity/cost, LC), and gender(male and female). Common diets were fed to both treatment groups during the final 4 weeks of the weaner period(a period of 39 days). In the first 6 d after weaning, pigs offered the HC diets gained weight faster and used feed more efficiently than those offered the LC diets(P = 0.031). Pigs fed a HC diet after weaning tended to be heavier at the sale live weight of 123 d of age compared with pigs fed the LC diet(P = 0.056). There were no other main effects of the feeding program on growth performance through to slaughter. Weaning weight had a profound influence on lifetime growth performance and weight at 123 d of age, with H pigs at weaning increasing their weight advantage over the M and L pigs(101.3,97.1, 89.6 kg respectively, P re was a minimal benefit in terms of cost per unit live weight gain over lifetime when pigs were offered a HC feeding program to L,with a lower feed cost/kg gain. The results from this investigation confirm the impact of weaning weight on lifetime growth performance, and suggest that a HC feeding program should be focused on L weaner pigs(i.e., weaning weight less than 6.5 kg at 27 d of age) in order to maximise financial returns.

关键词： Pigs Performance Diet complexity Weaning weight Carcass characteristics Cost benefit analyses

Experimental and Modeling Study of Forest Fire Effect on Soil Thermal Conductivity

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Pedosphere 2016年第4期26卷 462-473页

作者： Kathleen M.smits Elizabeth KIrBY William j.MASSMAN Larry Scott BAGGETT Center for the Experimental Study of Subsurface Environmental Processes Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringColorado School of Mines USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station

An understanding of soil thermal conductivity after a wildfire or controlled burn is important to land management and post-fire recovery efforts. Although soil thermal conductivity has been well studied for non-fire heated soils, comprehensive data that evaluate the long-term effect of extreme heating from a fire on the soil thermal conductivity are limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term impact of fire on the effective thermal conductivity of soils by directly comparing fire-heated and no-fire control soils through a series of laboratory studies. The thermal conductivity was measured for ten soil samples from two sites within the Manitou Experimental Forest, Colorado, USA, for a range of water contents from saturation to the residual degree of saturation. The thermal conductivity measured was compared with independent estimates made using three empirical models from literature, including the Campbell et al. （1994）, CSt~ and Konrad （2005）, and Massman et al. （2008） models. results demonstrate that for the test soils studied, the thermal conductivity of the fire-heated soils was slightly lower than that of the control soils for all observed water contents. Modeling results show that the Campbell et al. （1994） model gave the best agreement over the full range of water contents when proper fitting parameters were employed. Further studies are needed to evaluate the significance of including the influence of fire burn on the thermal properties of soils in modeling studies.

关键词： controlled burn degree of saturation empirical model water content wildfire

The effect of temperature on ionic liquid modified Fe-N-C catalysts for alkaline oxygen reduction reaction

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第5期31卷 324-329页

作者： Thomas Wolker Kai Brunnengr.ber.Ioanna Martinaiou Nick Lorenz Gui-rong Zhang Ulrike I.Kramm Bastian j.M.Etzold Department of Chemistry Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare ChemieTechnical University of Darmstadt64287 DarmstadtGermany Department of Chemistry Catalysts and Electrocatalysts GroupTechnical University of Darmstadt64287 DarmstadtGermany Graduate School of Excellence Energy Science and Engineering Technical University of Darmstadt64287 DarmstadtGermany Department of Materials and Earth Sciences Technical University of Darmstadt64287 DarmstadtGermany School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tiangong UniversityTianjin 300387China

Modifying solid catalysts with an ionic liquid layer is an effective approach for boosting the performance of both Pt-based and non-precious metal catalysts toward the oxygen reduction reaction. While most studies operated at room temperature it remains unclear whether the IL-associated boosting effect can be maintained at elevated temperature, which is of high relevance for practical applications in low temperature fuel cells. Herein, Fe-N-C catalysts were modified by introducing small amounts of hydrophobic ionic liquid, resulting in boosted electrocatalytic activity towards the alkaline oxygen reduction reaction at room temperature. It is demonstrated that the boosting effect can be maintained and even strengthened when increasing the electrolyte temperature up to 70℃. These findings show for the first time that the incorporation of ionic liquid is a suited method to obtain advanced noble metal-free electrocatalysts that can be applied at operating temperature condition.

关键词： Oxygen reduction reaction Non-precious metal catalyst Ionic liquid Fe-N-C catalyst Temperature effect

In vivo measurement of NADH fluorescence lifetime in skeletal muscle via -ber-coupled time-correlated single photon counting

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2024年第1期17卷 121-134页

作者： Kathryn M.Priest jacob V.Schluns Nathania Nischal Colton L.Gattis jeffrey C.Wolchok Timothy j.Muldoon Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arkansas FayettevilleARUSA

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)is a cofactor that serves to shuttle electrons during metabolic processes such as glycolysis,the tricarboxylic acid cycle,and oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS).NADH is autofluorescent,and itsfluorescence lifetime can be used to infer metabolic dynamics in living ***-coupled time-correlated single photon counting(TCSPC)equipped with an implantable needle probe can be used to measure NADH lifetime in vivo,enabling investigation of changing metabolic demand during muscle contraction or tissue *** study illustrates a proof of concept for point-based,minimally-invasive NADHfluorescence lifetime measurement in *** muscle loss(VML)injuries were created in the left tibialis anterior(TA)muscle of male Sprague Dawley *** lifetime measurements were collected before,during,and after a 30 s tetanic contraction in the injured and uninjured TA muscles,which was subsequently-t to a biexponential decay model to yield a metric of NADH utilization(cytoplasmic vs protein-bound NADH,the A11/A22 ratio).On average,this ratio was higher during and after contraction in uninjured muscle compared to muscle at rest,suggesting higher levels of free NADH in contracting and recovering muscle,indicating increased rates of *** injured muscle,this ratio was higher than uninjured muscle overall but decreased over time,which is consistent with current knowledge of inflammatory response to injury,suggesting tissue regeneration has *** data suggest that-ber-coupled TCSPC has the potential to measure changes in NADH binding in vivo in a minimally invasive manner that requires further investigation.

关键词： Glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation energy metabolism volumetric muscle loss

Effects of undigested protein-rich ingredients on polarised small intestinal organoid monolayers

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第4期11卷 1026-1032页

作者： Soumya K.Kar Bart van der Hee Linda M.P.Loonen Nico Taverne johanna j.Taverne-Thiele Dirkjan Schokker Mari A.smits Alfons j.M.jansman jerry M.Wells Host Microbe Interactomics Group Wageningen University&ResearchDe Elst 16708 WD WageningenThe Netherlands Laboratory of Microbiology Wageningen University&ResearchStippeneng 46708 WE WageningenThe Netherlands Wageningen Livestock research Wageningen University&ResearchDe Elst 16708 WD WageningenThe Netherlands

Here, we describe the use of monolayers of intestinal epithelial cells derived from intestinal organoids and transcriptomics to investigate the direct effects of dietary protein sources on epithelial function. Mechanically dissociated 3 D organoids of mouse duodenum were used to generate a polarized epithelium containing all cell types found in the tissue of origin. The organoid-derived cell monolayers were exposed to 4%(w/v) of ‘undigested(non-hydrolysed)-soluble' fraction of protein sources used as feed ingredients [soybean meal(SBM) and casein], or alternative protein sources(spray dried plasma protein, and yellow meal worm), or controls for 6 h prior to rNA isolation and transcriptomics. All protein sources altered expression of unique biological processes in the epithelial cells. Exposure of intestinal organoids to SBM downregulated expression of retinol and retinoid metabolic processes as well as cholesterol and lipid biosynthetic pathways, consistent with the reported hypotriglyceridaemic effect of soy protein in vivo. These findings support the use of intestinal organoids as models to evaluate complex interactions between dietary ingredients and the intestinal epithelium and highlights some unique host effects of alternative protein sources in animal feed and potentially human food.

关键词： Alternative protein sources Casein Intestinal organoids Organoids Soybean meal Spray dried plasma protein Transcriptomics Yellow meal worm

日粮中添加甲基供体对妊娠母猪妊娠状况和产仔数的影响

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

中国饲料 2015年第20期 37-43页

作者： W.H.E.j.van Wettere r.j.smits P.E.Hughes 澳大利亚阿德莱德大学动物和兽医科学澳大利亚克洛瓦rivalea有限公司澳大利亚阿德莱德大学猪和家禽生产研究所

B族维生素和甲基供体物质的摄入量可以影响母猪的繁殖性能。本试验选取1079头长×大二元母猪（胎龄为2~9）,采用2×2×2析因法试验设计,研究母猪妊娠期日粮中甜菜碱和B族维生素（叶酸和维生素B12）的添加剂量对不同胎龄（2~3胎龄和4胎... 详细信息

B族维生素和甲基供体物质的摄入量可以影响母猪的繁殖性能。本试验选取1079头长×大二元母猪（胎龄为2~9）,采用2×2×2析因法试验设计,研究母猪妊娠期日粮中甜菜碱和B族维生素（叶酸和维生素B12）的添加剂量对不同胎龄（2~3胎龄和4胎龄及以上）母猪的产仔数和妊娠状况的影响,甜菜碱和B族维生素的两个添加水平分别为0、3 g/kg和0、20 mg/kg叶酸＋150μg/kg B12。试验过程中,记录母猪返情率和早期流产率（〈30 d）、后期流产率（〉30 d）,同时记录母猪总产仔数、产活仔数、产死仔数、产木乃伊数。在妊娠第3、30、107天,从每个处理组中选取20头母猪,进行空腹采血,分析血浆中同型半胱氨酸的含量。试验结果表明,B族维生素添加组的母猪早期流产率为3%,低于未添加B族维生素组（7%）,差异显著（P〈0.001）。母猪胎龄与添加甜菜碱、B族维生素对窝产仔数有明显的交互作用。甜菜碱添加组母猪窝产仔数较无甜菜碱添加组、4胎龄母猪组均增加0.5头（P〈0.05）。B族维生素添加组中2胎龄和3胎龄母猪产仔猪数均明显高于其他试验处理组（P〈0.05）。添加B族维生素,母猪血浆中同型半胱氨酸含量在妊娠第3天和第107天分别降低2.2μm和2.8μm（P〈0.001）,而添加甜菜碱组母猪血浆中同型半胱氨酸仅在妊娠第3天显著降低（P〈0.05）。总之,妊娠日粮中添加B族维生素能够降低母猪早期妊娠失败率和增加低胎龄母猪的窝产仔数,而添加甜菜碱则可以增加高胎龄母猪的窝产仔数。

关键词： B族维生素甜菜碱妊娠母猪产仔性能

Analyzing the Physico-Chemical Parameters of Detergents and Detergent Mixtures

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2015年第3期5卷 328-337页

作者： Britta Tschapek Sander H. j. smits Lutz Schmitt Institute of Biochemistry Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf Duesseldorf Germany

The most important physico-chemical characteristics describing detergent micelles are the CMC value and the aggregation number. These parameters depend critically on external conditions such as pH, ionic strength, buffer composition or temperature. However, the influence of these conditions on CMC or aggregation number is a priori not to predict, but the most important parameter. This holds especially for the aggregation number. Here, we present a simple, reliable and fast method for the analysis of detergent containing buffer systems. It enables the determination of CMC values and aggregation numbers of detergents as well as detergent mixtures in a 96well plate standard device relying on steady state fluorescence and fluorescence quenching. To prove the general applicability of our approach, we analyzed DDM as a prime example of a detergent and mixtures of DDM with six other detergents at different ratios to demonstrate the potential of our method.

关键词： Detergent CMC Determination Fluorescence Mixed Micelles Aggregation Number

Modification of tenascin-r expression following unilateral labyrinthectomy in rats indicates its possible role in neural plasticity of the vestibular neural circuit

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neural regeneration research 2015年第9期10卷 1463-1470页

作者： Botond Gaal Einar ?rn jóhannesson Amit Dattani Agnes Magyar Ildikó Wéber Clara Matesz Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Dentistry University of Debrecen Department of Pediatric Surgery Faculty of Medicine Clinical Center University of Debrecen MTA-DE Neuroscience research Group University of Debrecen

We have previously found that unilateral labyrinthectomy is accompanied by modification of hyaluronan and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan staining in the lateral vestibular nucleus of rats and the time course of subsequent reorganization of extracellular matrix assembly correlates to the restoration of impaired vestibular function. The tenascin-r has repelling effect on pathfinding during axonal growth/regrowth, and thus inhibits neural circuit repair. By using immunohistochemical method, we studied the modification of tenascin-r expression in the superior, medial, lateral, and descending vestibular nuclei of the rat following unilateral labyrin- thectomy. On postoperative day 1, tenascin-r reaction in the perineuronal nets disappeared on the side of labyrinthectomy in the superior, lateral, medial, and rostral part of the descending vestibular nuclei. On survival day 3, the staining intensity of tenascin-r reaction in perineuronal nets recovered on the operated side of the medial vestibular nucleus, whereas it was restored by the time of postoperative day 7 in the superior, lateral and rostral part of the descending vestib- ular nuclei. The staining intensity of tenascin-r reaction remained unchanged in the caudal part of the descending vestibular nucleus bilaterally. regional differences in the modification of tena- scin-r expression presented here may be associated with different roles of individual vestibular nuclei in the compensatory processes. The decreased expression of the tenascin-r may suggest the extracellular facilitation of plastic modifications in the vestibular neural circuit after lesion of the labyrinthine receptors.

关键词： nerve regeneration extracellular matrix brainstem vestibular system vestibular lesion vestibular compensation perineuronal net neural plasticity neural regeneration

Detoxification Efforts in Longnose Dace (rhinichthys cataractae) Exposed to Municipal and Agricultural Inputs

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第2期7卷 253-267页

作者： Haley r. Tunna judit E. G. smits Sean M. rogers Leland j. jackson Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary Calgary Canada Ecosystem & Public Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Canada

Ecological impacts of contaminants on population patterns in wild fish are impacted by many contaminants that readily enter aquatic systems. responses to toxicants by individuals in lab studies generally do not predict population level consequences in natural systems. Trace levels of contaminants are present in all major rivers in southern Alberta, Canada, with concentrations higher down-stream of anthropogenic inputs like agricultural land-use and inputs of municipal wastewater effluents. Longnose dace (rhinichthys cataractae) were used as a sentinel species to study field-based population-level responses to contaminants. We hypothesized that biomarker activity, triggered by contaminant exposure, should increase downstream of anthropogenic inputs in two southern Alberta rivers, with corresponding relations between biomarker activity and sex ratios, after accounting for age structure. Liver detoxification (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity = ErOD) measured at reference and exposed sites on each river differed significantly in only the Bow river system. Sex ratios varied more downstream of anthropogenic inputs than upstream, but the direction of sex ratio bias was inconsistent and temporally dynamic. Sex ratios correlated with liver detoxification in only the Bow river. Taken together, these results suggest that contaminants alter sex ratios in long-nose dace, but that there is variation in anthropogenic stressors among rivers.

关键词： Longnose Dace rhinichthys cataractae ErOD Cytochrome P4501A Ecotoxicology Alberta