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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 116-116页

作者： J.Goodman M.King E.J.Dolier r.wilson r.J.Gray P.McKenna 不详

Due to an isolated error in the 3D simulation parameters,the laser energy and intensity(calculated using the energy)values were incorrectly stated as 10.9 J and 3×10^(22) W cm^(−2),respectively,in Sections 3.3,7 and *** correct values are 39.8 J and 1.1×10^(23) W cm^(−2).Similarly,the values stated for the higher energy case,109 J and 3×10^(23) W cm^(−2) in Section 7,should be 398 J and 1.1×10^(24) W cm^(−2),respectively.

关键词： Bayesian optimization gamma rays laser-solid interactions machine learning radiation reaction

roles of constitutively secreted extracellular chaperones in neuronal cell repair and regeneration

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Neural regeneration research 2023年第4期18卷 769-772页

作者： Sandeep Satapathy Mark r.wilson Blavatnik Institute of Cell Biology Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard CambridgeMAUSA Molecular Horizons and The School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience University of WollongongNorthfields AvenueWollongongNSWAustralia Illawarra Health and Medical research Institute Northfields AvenueWollongongNSWAustralia

Protein quality control involves many processes that jointly act to regulate the expression, localization, turnover, and degradation of proteins, and has been highlighted in recent studies as critical to the differentiation of stem cells during regeneration. The roles of constitutively secreted extracellular chaperones in neuronal injury and disease are poorly understood. Extracellular chaperones are multifunctional proteins expressed by many cell types, including those of the nervous system, known to facilitate protein quality control processes. These molecules exert pleiotropic effects and have been implicated as playing important protective roles in a variety of stress conditions, including tissue damage, infections, and local tissue inflammation. This article aims to provide a critical review of what is currently known about the functions of extracellular chaperones in neuronal repair and regeneration and highlight future directions for this important research area. We review what is known of four constitutively secreted extracellular chaperones directly implicated in processes of neuronal damage and repair, including transthyretin, clusterin, α2-macroglobulin, and neuroserpin, and propose that investigation into the effects of these and other extracellular chaperones on neuronal repair and regeneration has the potential to yield valuable new therapies.

关键词： cell viability clusterin extracellular chaperones inflammation neuroserpin protein misfolding transthyretin α2-macroglobulin

Optimization and control of synchrotron emission in ultraintense laser–solid interactions using machine learning

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高功率激光科学与工程:英文版 2023年第3期11卷 15-31页

作者： J.Goodman M.King E.J.Dolier r.wilson r.J.Gray P.McKenna SUPA Department of Physics University of StrathclydeGlasgowUK The Cockcroft Institute Sci-Tech DaresburyWarringtonUK

The optimum parameters for the generation of synchrotron radiation in ultraintense laser pulse interactions with planar foils are investigated with the application of Bayesian optimization,via Gaussian process regression,to 2D particle-incell *** properties of the synchrotron emission,such as the yield,are maximized,and simultaneous mitigation of bremsstrahlung emission is achieved with multi-variate objective *** angle-of-incidence of the laser pulse onto the target is shown to strongly influence the synchrotron yield and angular profile,with oblique incidence producing the optimal *** is further explored in 3D simulations,in which additional control of the spatial profile of synchrotron emission is demonstrated by varying the polarization of the laser *** results demonstrate the utility of applying a machine learning-based optimization approach and provide new insights into the physics of radiation generation in laser-foil interactions,which will inform the design of experiments in the quantum electrodynamics(QED)-plasma regime.

关键词： Bayesian optimization gamma rays laser-solid interactions machine learning radiation reaction

High order modes of intense second harmonic light produced from a plasma aperture

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Matter and radiation at Extremes 2022年第5期7卷 7-16页

作者： E.F.J.Bacon M.King r.wilson T.P.Frazer r.J.Gray P.McKenna SUPA Department of Physics University of StrathclydeGlasgow G40NGUnited Kingdom The Cockcroft Institute Sci-Tech DaresburyWarrington WA44ADUnited Kingdom

Because of their ability to sustain extremely high-amplitude electromagnetic fields and transient density and field profiles,plasma optical components are being developed to amplify,compress,and condition high-power laser *** recently demonstrated the potential to use a relativistic plasma aperture—produced during the interaction of a high-power laser pulse with an ultrathin foil target—to tailor the spatiotemporal properties of the intense fundamental and second-harmonic light generated[Duff et al.,***.10,105(2020)].Herein,we explore numerically the interaction of an intense laser pulse with a preformed aperture target to generate second-harmonic laser light with higher-order spatial *** maximum generation efficiency is found for an aperture diameter close to the full width at half maximum of the laser focus and for a micrometer-scale target *** spatial mode generated is shown to depend strongly on the polarization of the drive laser pulse,which enables changing between a linearly polarized TEM01 mode and a circularly polarized Laguerre–Gaussian LG01 *** demonstrates the use of a plasma aperture to generate intense higher-frequency light with selectable spatial mode structure.

关键词： polarization intense harmonic

Local predation pressure predicts the strength of mobbing responses in tropical birds

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Current Zoology 2012年第5期58卷 781-790页

作者： Luis SANDOVAL David r.wilson Department of Biological Sciences University of Windsor401 Sunset AvenueWindsorOntario N9B 3P4Canada

Many birds join cooperative mobbing aggregations and collectively harass predators. Individuals participating in these ephemeral associations benefit by deterring the predator, but also incur energetic costs and increased risk of predation. Explaining the evolution of mobbing is challenging because individuals could prevail by selfishly seeking safety while allowing others to mob. An important step in understanding the evolution of mobbing is to identify factors affecting its expression. Theecological constraints modelsuggests that animals are more likely to cooperate under adverse environmental conditions, such as when local predation pressure is high. We tested this prediction by comparing the mobbing responses of several species of birds to the local abundance of their primary predator, the ferruginous pygmy-owlGlaucidium brasilianum. We used acoustic playback to elicit mobbing responses in environments where owls were common, uncommon, or rare. Stimuli were either the song of a ferruginous pygmy-owl or the mobbing calls of three of the owl’s common prey species. During each playback, we characterized mobbing responses by noting the number of species and individuals that approached the loudspeaker, as well as the closest approach by any bird. Mobbing responses to both stimuli were strong in locations where Ferruginous Pygmy-owls were common, intermediate where owls were uncommon, and weak where they were rare. This pattern persisted even after controlling for differences in species richness and composition among the three environments. results support theecological constraints modeland provide strong evidence that intense predation pressure increases the expression of cooperative mobbing in tropical birds.

关键词：压力预测捕食者鸟类反应热带强度约束模型猫头鹰

Plasticity in the antipredator behavior of the orange-footed sea cucumber under shifting hydrodynamic forces

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Current Zoology 2019年第6期65卷 685-695页

作者： Nicholas A.W.BrOWN David r.wilson Patrick GAGNON Department of Ocean Sciences Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John'sNewfoundlandA1C 5S7Canada Department of Psychology Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John'sNewfoundlandA1B 3X9Canada

Marine invertebrates that move too slowly to evade unfavorable environmental change may instead exhibit phenotypic plasticity,allowing them to adjust to varying *** orange-footed sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa is a slow-moving suspension feeder that is preyed on by the purple sunstar Solaster *** sea cucumber's antipredator behavior involves changing shape and detaching from the substratum,which might increase its probability of being displaced by water motion into an unsuitable *** hypothesized that sea cucumbers'antipredator responses would be diminished under stronger hydrodynamic forces,and that behavioral strategies would be flexible so that individuals could adjust to frequent changes in water *** a natural orange-footed sea cucumber habitat,individuals lived along a pronounced hydrodynamic gradient,allowing us to measure antipredator behavior under different water flow *** placed purple sunstars in physical contact with sea cucumbers living at various points along the gradient to elicit antipredator *** then repeated this procedure in a laboratory mesocosm that generated weak and strong hydrodynamic forces similar to those observed at the field *** in the mesocosm experiment were tested in both wave conditions to determine if their antipredator behavior would change in response to sudden environmental change,as would be experienced under deteriorating sea *** responses did not covary with hydrodynamic forces in the ***,antipredator responses in the mesocosm experiment increased when individuals were transplanted from strong to weak forces and decreased when transplanted from weak to strong ***,our results indicate environmentally induced plasticity in the antipredator behavior of the orange-footed sea cucumber.

关键词： behavioral plasticity benthic invertebrate predator-prey interaction reciprocal transplant experiment Solaster endeca.wave environment

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of focal liver masses

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Hepatoma research 2020年第9期6卷 10-20页

作者： Stephanie r.wilson Christina Merrill Department of radiology University of CalgaryCalgary T2N 2T9Canada Department of radiology Foothills Medical CentreCalgary T2N 2T9Canada.

Non-invasive imaging is the current method of choice for the characterization of frequently discovered focal liver *** historically,contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance(Mr)scans have been selected for this purpose,contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)now offers a less expensive and safer method to acquire the same *** with the intravenous injection of a microbubble contrast agent,CEUS provides some unique advantages that make it a valuable addition to an imaging *** is performed in dynamic real-time,providing superior temporal resolution compared to other modalities and allowing detection of enhancement regardless of its timing or *** is performed with a purely intravascular contrast agent,providing accurate depiction of the presence of microbubbles in the circulation in all phases of *** compares with CT and Mr contrast agents,which have a well-recognized interstitial *** discordant imaging may occur especially in the portal venous phase,when CT and Mr may show pseudoenhancement from interstitial contrast,while CEUS will accurately show washout in malignant ***,the contrast specific software used to perform CEUS has an excellent subtraction technique,which produces a contrast only image with high sensitivity to enhancement in thin septations and small *** makes a positive contribution to liver mass characterization in any situation.

关键词： Contrast-enhanced ultrasound liver cancer diagnosis

Advanced Aircraft Power Electronics Systems- the impact of simulation, standards and wide band-gap devices

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CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems 2017年第1期1卷 72-82页

作者： Peter r.wilson Heriot-Watt University EdinburghUK Edinburgh Business School UK University of Southampton UK

The rapid pace of change in the wide band gap(WBG)power semiconductor area has led to an explosion in potential uses for WBG devices in a huge variety of *** applications include automotive,aerospace and traction applications,as well as grid related or charging systems,with the potential to provide paradigm shifts in performance and efficiency over Silicon devices in current use *** these exciting developments,however,there are still many outstanding challenges for both researchers and industry to solve before WBG technology becomes *** this paper we will explore some of these challenges and highlight the strengths of WBG devices,some of the specific issues for machine drives and develop some potential solutions for future developments in power electronics.

关键词： Aircraft power systems power electronics wide band gap semi-conductors.

Speed of Thought and Speed of Feet:Examining Perceptual-Cognitive Expertise and Physical Performance in an English Football Academy

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2021年第1期3卷 88-97页

作者： Adam L.Kelly Mark r.wilson Daniel T.Jackson Jennifer Turnnidge Craig A.Williams Faculty of Health Education and Life SciencesBirmingham City UniversityBirminghamWest MidlandsUK Children’s Health and Exercise research Centre and the College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of ExeterSt Luke’s CampusHeavitree RoadExeter EX12LUDevonUK Exeter City Football Club ExeterDevonUK School of Kinesiology and Health Studies Queen’s UniversityKingstonONCanada

The world's greatest professional football players are able to execute effective tactical decisions as well as fulfil various physical ***,the degree to which both are associated with greater potential in a football academy is ***,the aim of this study was to investigate decision-making skill and physical performance as contributing factors to coach potential rankings in an English football ***-eight outfield academy players(Foundation Development Phase[FDP]under-9 to under-11 n=40;Youth Development Phase[YDP]under-12 to under-16 n=58)participated in the *** engaged in 45 film-based simulations at two occlusion phases(e.g.,the visual display is cut-off at a precise time during an action),firstly"during"and secondly"post"execution,to examine decision-making *** also completed four fitness tests to examine physical performance.A classification of"higher-potentials"(top third)and"lower-potentials"(bottom third)were applied through coach *** t-tests compared the decision-making and physical performance ***-potentials made significantly more accurate decisions within the"post"phase within the FDP(Pring"phase within the YDP(Pr-potentials were significantly faster for the 0-30 m sprint in both the FDP and YDP(Pr-potentials within the YDP also significantly faster in the 0-10 m sprint(Pr in the countermovement jump(Preater football potential may be associated with superior perceptual-cognitive expertise and quicker sprint ability in both academy age phases,with a greater discriminatory function within the older cohort.

关键词： Decision-making Sprint ability Fitness testing Academy football Talent identification Talent development

Light Pollution and City Lighting

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Light Pollution and City Lighting