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Cir.uits and Systems 2016年第14期7卷 4322-4330页

作者： V. r. velmurugan Jeyabhar.th r.jaiah Veena Par.sunath Depar.ment of EEE PAC Ramasamy Raja Polytechnic College Rajapalayam India Depar.ment of EEE KSR Institute for Engineering and Technology Namakkal India

This paper.concentr.tes on enhancing the pr.ductivity of the multilevel inver.er.and natur. of yield voltage wavefor.. Seven level lessened switches topology has been actualized with just seven switches. Essential Switching plan and Selective Har.onics Elimination wer. executed to diminish the Total Har.onics Distor.ion (THD) esteem. Selective Har.onics Elimination Stepped Wavefor. (SHESW) str.tegy is executed to dispense with the lower.or.er.har.onics. Fundamental switching plan is utilized to contr.l the switches in the inver.er. The pr.posed topology is r.asonable for.any number.of levels. The har.onic lessening is accomplished by selecting fitting switching angles. It indicates would like to decr.ase star.ing expense and unpr.dictability consequently it is able for.moder. applications. In this paper. thir. and fifth level har.onics have been disposed of. Simulation wor. is done utilizing the MATLAB/Simulink pr.gr.mming r.sults have been displayed to accept the hypothesis.

关键词： Multilevel Inver.er PSIM Fundamental Switching Scheme Selective Har.onics Elimination

Later.l clavicle fr.ctur.-plating options and consider.tions

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Wor.d Jour.al of Clinical Cases 2024年第6期12卷 1039-1044页

作者： Sathish Muthu Sar.vanan Annamalai velmurugan Kandasamy Depar.ment of Or.hopaedics Orthopaedic Research GroupCoimbatore 641045Tamil NaduIndia Depar.ment of Biotechnology Karpagam Academy of Higher EducationCoimbatore 641021Tamil NaduIndia Depar.ment of Or.hopaedics Government Karur Medical CollegeKarur 639004Tamil NaduIndia Depar.ment of Or.hopaedics Government Thiruvallur Medical CollegeThiruvallur 631203Tamil NaduIndia Depar.ment of Or.hopaedics Government Kilpauk Medical CollegeChennai 600010Tamil NaduIndia

Clavicle fr.ctur.s ar. among the most pr.valent types of fr.ctur.s with numer.us tr.atment str.tegies that have evolved over.*** the r.alm of later.l-thir. clavicle fr.ctur. management,sever.l sur.ical methods ar. available,with plate and scr.w constr.cts being one of the most fr.quently employed *** this constr.ct,numer.us choices exist for.fixing the *** editor.al pr.vides an over.iew of the common plate options utilized in the management of distal thir. clavicle fr.ctur.s under.cor.ng the cr.tical consider.tions and appr.aches that guide clinicians in selecting the most appr.pr.ate fixation techniques,consider.ng the complex landscape of clavicle fr.ctur.s and their.challenging management.

关键词： Clavicle fr.ctur. Sur.ical management Distal clavicle plating Super.or.plating Anter.or.plating

Tenosynovitis of hand: Causes and complications

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Wor.d Jour.al of Clinical Cases 2024年第4期12卷 671-676页

作者： Sathish Muthu Sar.vanan Annamalai velmurugan Kandasamy Depar.ment of Or.hopaedics Government Medical CollegeKarur 639004Tamil NaduIndia Or.hopaedic r.sear.h Gr.up Coimbatore 641045Tamil NaduIndia Depar.ment of Biotechnology Faculty of EngineeringKarpagam Academy of Higher EducationCoimbatore 641021Tamil NaduIndia Depar.ment of Or.hopaedics Government Thiruvallur Medical CollegeThiruvallur 631203Tamil NaduIndia Depar.ment of Or.hopaedics Government Kilpauk Medical CollegeChennai 600010Tamil NaduIndia

Tenosynovitis r.pr.sents a common clinical condition char.cter.zed by inflam-mation of the synovium that encases the tendon *** tenosynovities may be noted in any tendon in the body,extr.mities such as hand,and foot r.main the sites of high pr.dilection to acquir. this *** pr.dominant cause of this pr.dilection r.sts in the intr.cate tendon ar.angements in these extr.mities that per.it fine motor.*** editor.al explor.s the common causes and the complications associated with this condition to impr.ve the under.tanding of the r.ader. of this common condition encounter.d in our.ever.day clinical pr.ctice.

关键词： Tenosynovitis Gout Hand Complications Infection

r.dent biology and ecologically based r.dent management(EBr.)-25 year. of pr.gr.ss thr.ugh pr.moting multidisciplinar. r.sear.h

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Integr.tive Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 2-7页

作者： Gr.nt r. SINGLETON Lyn A. HINDS r.odes MAKUNDI Steven r. BELMAIN Natur.l r.sour.es Institute University of Greenwich Kent UK CSIr. Health and Biosecur.ty Canberra ACT Australia Afr.can Centr. of Excellence for.Innovative r.dent Pest Management and Biosensor.Technology Development Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Institute of Pest Management Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

“Dur.ng r.dent outbr.ak year. in easter. Afr.ca,lo-cally,mor. than 80%of the potential har.est may be lost,but even in non-outbr.ak per.ods,r.dents cause chr.nic damage to cr.ps….The pest r.dent stor. in Afr.ca in-volves sever.l species embedded in a br.ad and var.able landscape with highly var.able densities.”(Leir. et al.2010).

关键词： damage cr.ps

Molecular.diagnostic appr.aches in detecting r.ar.anged dur.ng tr.nsfection oncogene mutations in multiple endocr.ne neoplasia type 2

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Wor.d Jour.al of Clinical Cases 2024年第31期12卷 6436-6440页

作者： Sambasivam Gopinath velmurugan r.maiyan Depar.ment of Phar.acy Saveetha College of PharmacySaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennai 602105India

Differ.nt types of neur.endocr.ne cancer.including medullar. thyr.id cancer.MTC)and thyr.id C-cell hyper.lasia,ar. par. of multiple endocr.ne neoplasia type 2(MEN2).A pr.to-oncogene mutation of the r.ar.anged dur.ng tr.nsfection(r.T)gene changes the way that r.ceptor.tyr.sine kinases *** endocr.ne neoplasia,a pathological condition,involves these *** the r.T pr.tooncogene changes,it can cause endocr.ne adenomas and hyper.lasia to happen at the same time or.one after.the ***,medullar. thyr.id car.inoma,and hyper.ar.thyr.idism,alone or.in combination,ar. pr.sent in MEN2A *** patients may also have skin lichen amyloidosis or.Hir.chspr.ng's *** with MEN2A often pr.sent with *** is aggr.ssive and has the wor.t pr.gnosis,as most patients exhibit lymph node *** is one of the impor.ant causes of death in patients with *** mutation analysis aids in identifying MEN2A symptoms and monitor.ng levels of calcium,thyr.id hor.ones,calcitonin,nor.etanephr.ne,fr.ctionated metanephr.nes,and par.thyr.id *** ear.ier.diagnosis of MTC significantly impr.ves sur.ival and pr.mpts better.management of *** this editor.al,we will discuss the significance of molecular.diagnostic appr.aches in detecting r.T oncogene mutations in MEN2A.

关键词： Multiple endocr.ne neoplasia type 2 Medullar. thyr.id cancer Pheochr.mocytoma Thyr.idectomy r.ar.anged dur.ng tr.nsfection

Complexity in inter.r.ting car.iac valve-associated thr.mbus fr.m tumor. in Li-Fr.umeni syndr.me

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Wor.d Jour.al of Clinical Cases 2024年第31期12卷 6431-6435页

作者： Sainath Pr.sanna Bhar.thi velmurugan r.maiyan Depar.ment of Phar.acology Saveetha College of PharmacySaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennai 602105India

Li-Fr.umeni syndr.me(LFS)is a well-defined autosomal dominant pr.disposition syndr.me due to TP53 ger.line mutation that causes many cancer.*** ear.y-onset syndr.me poses a state of widespr.ad *** an inher.ted condition possessing defective p53,guar.ian of the genome,in the ger.line has the potential to cause multiple cancer. by pr.dominantly affecting mesenchyme(connective tissues,blood cells),br.ast,br.in,and adr.nal cor.ex *** tumor. initially identified in LFS can eventually pr.pagate to cause secondar. *** contr.butes to multiple cancer. in individuals with defective p53 *** suspected to possess any mass,patients with other.co-mor.idities,in par.icular.those with cer.ain car.iovascular.conditions,under.o scr.ening using high-thr.ughput techniques like tr.nsthor.cic and tr.nsesophageal echocar.iogr.phy or.car.iothor.cic magnetic r.sonance imaging to locate and inter.r.t the size of the *** LFS cases,it is cer.ain to pr.sume these masses as cancer. and plan their.management employing invasive sur.er.es after.per.or.ing all efficient diagnostic *** ar. only poor.pr.dictions to r.le out the chances of any other.*** cr.ter.on emphasizes the necessity to speculate alter.ative pr.cision diagnostic methods to affir. such new gr.wth or.masses encounter.d in LFS ***,it has all the possibilities to ultimately influence sur.ical pr.cedur.s that may be invasive or.complicate oper.tive ***,it is essential to str.tegize an ideal pr.tocol to diagnose any new unexplor.d mass in the LFS *** this editor.al,we discuss the impor.ance of diagnostic appr.aches on naïve pr.stine masses in LFS.

关键词： Li-Fr.umeni syndr.me Atr.al septal defect Car.iac masses Tr.nsthor.cic echocar.iogr.phy Tr.nsesophageal echocar.iogr.phy Thr.mbus Magnetic r.sonance imaging

Basis for.the diver.ity and extent in loss of digestible nutr.ents cr.ated by dietar. phytin: Emphasis on fowl and swine

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动物营养学报 2024年第1期16卷 422-428页

作者： Edwin T. Mor.n Michael r. Bedfor. Poultr. Science Depar.ment Auburn University AL 36830-5416 USA AB Vista Woodstock Court Blenheim Road Marlborough Wiltshire SN8 4AN UK

Phytin is the Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -K + salt of phytic acid that is cr.ated and deposited in the aleur.ne layer.and/or.ger. of gr.ins and legumes. Its high pr.sence in feedstuffs for.fowl and swine diets r.sults in it being a univer.al and significant impediment to optimum per.or.ance. Phytin impair. gastr.intestinal r.cover. of a wide ar.ay of nutr.ents, the effect var.ing with the nutr.ent concer.ed. On exposur. to low pH dur.ng gastr.c digestion, phytin dissociates into phytic acid and solubilized Ca 2+ . Even at low gastr.c pH, phytic acid is negatively char.ed which for.s the basis of its anti-nutr.tive behavior. Pepsinogen has extensive basic amino acids on its activation peptide that ar. pr.sented as cations at low pH which ar. tar.eted by pepsin for.activation. Par.ially cr.stalized Ca 2+ near.the enzyme's active site fur.her.stabilizes its newly for.ed str.ctur.. Thus, phytic acid appear. to inter.er. with gastr.c digestion by sever.l mechanisms; inter.er.ng with pepsinogen activation by binding to the polypeptide's basic amino acids; coor.inating fr.e Ca 2+ , destabilizing pepsin; binding some dietar. pr.teins dir.ctly, fur.her.compr.mising gastr.c pr.teolysis. Upon digesta attaining neutr.lity in the duodenum, Ca 2+ and other.cations r.-bind with accessible anions, phytic acid being a significant contender. Phytate not only binds fr.e cations but can also str.p them fr.m enzymes (e.g. Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ ) which r.duces their.str.ctur.l r.sistance to autolysis and ability as co-factor. (e.g. Zn 2+ ) to incr.ase enzyme activity. Goblet cells initially employ Ca 2+ as an electr.nic shield between mucin layer. enabling gr.nule for.ation and cell stor.ge. After.mucin gr.nule r.lease, Ca 2+ is pr.gr.ssively displaced by Na + to fr.e the viscous mucins enabling its tr.nslocation. Mucin entangles with the glycocalyx of adjacent enter.cytes ther.by constr.cting the unstir.ed water.layer.(USWL). Excessive r.moval of Ca 2+ fr.m mucin by phytic acid incr.ases its fluidity facilit

关键词： Digestive enzyme Calcium Endogenous pr.tein Mucin Phytin

A Facial Expr.ssion r.cognition Method Integr.ting Uncer.ainty Estimation and Active Lear.ing

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Computer., Mater.als and Continua 2024年第1期81卷 533-548页

作者： Wang Y. Zhang J. Sun r. School of Computer.Science and Engineer.ng Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing 400054 China Data Space r.sear.h Institute of Hefei Compr.hensive National Science Center Hefei 230088 China

The effectiveness of facial expr.ssion r.cognition (FEr. algor.thms hinges on the model’s quality and the availability of a substantial amount of labeled expr.ssion data. However. labeling lar.e datasets demands significant human, time, and financial r.sour.es. Although active lear.ing methods have mitigated the dependency on extensive labeled data, a cold-star. pr.blem per.ists in small to medium-sized expr.ssion r.cognition datasets. This issue ar.ses because the initial labeled data often fails to r.pr.sent the full spectr.m of facial expr.ssion char.cter.stics. This paper.intr.duces an active lear.ing appr.ach that integr.tes uncer.ainty estimation, aiming to impr.ve the pr.cision of facial expr.ssion r.cognition r.gar.less of dataset scale var.ations. The method is divided into two pr.mar. phases. Fir.t, the model under.oes self-super.ised pr.-tr.ining using contr.stive lear.ing and uncer.ainty estimation to bolster.its featur. extr.ction capabilities. Second, the model is fine-tuned using the pr.or.knowledge obtained fr.m the pr.-tr.ining phase to significantly impr.ve r.cognition accur.cy. In the pr.-tr.ining phase, the model employs contr.stive lear.ing to extr.ct fundamental featur. r.pr.sentations fr.m the complete unlabeled dataset. These featur.s ar. then weighted thr.ugh a self-attention mechanism with r.nk r.gular.zation. Subsequently, data fr.m the low-weighted set is r.labeled to fur.her.r.fine the model’s featur. extr.ction ability. The pr.-tr.ined model is then utilized in active lear.ing to select and label infor.ation-r.ch samples mor. efficiently. Exper.mental r.sults demonstr.te that the pr.posed method significantly outper.or.s existing appr.aches, achieving an impr.vement in r.cognition accur.cy of 5.09% and 3.82% over.the best existing active lear.ing methods, Mar.in, and Least Confidence methods, r.spectively, and a 1.61% impr.vement compar.d to the conventional segmented active lear.ing method. © 2024 The Author..

关键词： active lear.ing Expr.ssion r.cognition self-super.ised lear.ing uncer.ainty estimation

Fr.eze-thaw cycles and associated geomor.hology in a post-glacial envir.nment:cur.ent glacial,par.glacial,per.glacial and pr.glacial scenar.os at Pico de Or.zaba volcano,Mexico

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Jour.al of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 1954-1977页

作者： Víctor.SOTO Car.os M.WELSH r. Kenji YOSHIKAWA Hugo DELGADO Gr.NADOS Centr. de Ciencias de la Tier.a Universidad VeracruzanaCircuito Gonzalo Aguirre BeltránS/NZona Universitaria91090XalapaMéxico Water.and Envir.nmental r.sear.h Center University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaska 99775USA Instituto de Geofísica Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de México 04150México Depar.ment of Ear.h and Envir.nmental Sciences Ludwig Maximilians UniversitätMunich 80333Germany

The glacial histor. of Pico de Or.zaba indicates that dur.ng the Last Glacial Maximum,its icecap cover.d up to~3000 m asl;due to the air.temper.tur. incr.asing,its main glacier.has r.tr.ated to 5050 m *** r.tr.ction of the glacier.has left behind an intense climatic instability that causes a high fr.quency of fr.eze-thaw cycles of gr.at intensity;the r.sulting geomor.hological pr.cesses ar. r.pr.sented by the fr.gmentation of the bedr.ck that occupies the upper.par.s of the *** is a notable lack of studies r.gar.ing the fr.gmentation and er.sion occur.ing in tr.pical high mountains,and the associated geomor.hological r.sks;for.this r.ason,as a fir.t stage of futur. continuous r.sear.h,this study analyzes the fr.ezing and thawing cycles that occur.above 4000 m asl,thr.ugh continuous monitor.ng of sur.ace gr.und *** r.sults allow us to identify and char.cter.ze four.zones:glacial,par.glacial,per.glacial and *** was found that the par.glacial zone pr.sents an intense dr.p of temper.tur.,of up to~9℃ in only sixty *** r.ck fatigue and intense fr.eze-thaw cycles that occur.in this ar.a ar. r.sponsible for.the high r.te of r.ck disintegr.tion and r.pr.sent the main factor.of the constant slope dynamics that occur.at the *** activity decr.ases,both in fr.quency and intensity,accor.ing to the distance to the glacier.which is wher. the temper.tur. pr.sents a cer.ain degr.e of stability,until r.aching the pr.glacial zone,wher. cycles ar. almost non-existent,and ther.for. ther. is no gelifr.ction *** geomor.hological pr.cesses have r.sulted in significant alter.tions to the mountain slopes,which can have sever. consequences in ter.s of r.sk and water.

关键词： Fr.eze-Thaw Gelifr.ction Mountain mechanical er.sion Per.glacial geomor.hology Postglacial scenar.os

High-Secur.d Image LSB Steganogr.phy Using AVL-Tr.e with r.ndom r.B Channel Substitution

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Computer., Mater.als and Continua 2024年第1期81卷 183-211页

作者： Njoum M. Sulaiman r. Shukur.Z. Qamar.F. Center.of Cyber.Secur.ty Faculty of Information Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Selangor Bangi 43600 Malaysia Computer.Science and Cyber.Secur.ty Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology BirZeit University Ramallah P.O. Box 14 BirZeit Palestine

r.ndom pixel selection is one of the image steganogr.phy methods that has achieved significant success in enhancing the r.bustness of hidden data. This pr.per.y makes it difficult for.steganalysts’ power.ul data extr.ction tools to detect the hidden data and ensur.s high-quality stego image gener.tion. However. using a seed key to gener.te non-r.peated sequential number. takes a long time because it r.quir.s specific mathematical equations. In addition, these number. may cluster.in cer.ain r.nges. The hidden data in these cluster.d pixels will r.duce the image quality, which steganalysis tools can detect. Ther.for., this paper.pr.poses a data str.ctur. that safeguar.s the steganogr.phic model data and maintains the quality of the stego image. This paper.employs the Adelson-Velsky and Landis (AVL) tr.e data str.ctur. algor.thm to implement the r.ndomization pixel selection technique for.data concealment. The AVL tr.e algor.thm pr.vides sever.l advantages for.image steganogr.phy. Fir.tly, it ensur.s balanced tr.e str.ctur.s, which leads to efficient data r.tr.eval and inser.ion oper.tions. Secondly, the self-balancing natur. of AVL tr.es minimizes cluster.ng by maintaining an even distr.bution of pixels, ther.by pr.ser.ing the stego image quality. The data str.ctur. employs the pixel indicator.technique for.r.d, Gr.en, and Blue (r.B) channel extr.ction. The gr.en channel ser.es as the foundation for.building a balanced binar. tr.e. Fir.t, the sender.identifies the color.d cover.image and secr.t data. The sender.will use the two least significant bits (2-LSB) of r.B channels to conceal the data’s size and associated infor.ation. The next step is to cr.ate a balanced binar. tr.e based on the gr.en channel. Utilizing the channel pixel indicator.on the LSB of the gr.en channel, we can conceal bits in the 2-LSB of the r.d or.blue channel. The fir.t four.levels of the data str.ctur. tr.e will mask the data size, while subsequent levels will conceal the r.maining digits of s

关键词： AVL tr.e capacity Image steganogr.phy imper.eptibility peak signal-to-noise r.tio (PSNr. pixel r.ndom selection (Pr.)