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Analysis of the Effects of Ethanol Extr.cts fr.m Cichor.um glandulosum on the Intestinal Flor. of db/db Mice based on High-thr.ughput Sequencing

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Moder. Food Science and Technology 2024年第5期40卷 1-7页

作者： Kang j. Yan j. Zhang r. Zhong Y. Tan H. Adalaiti A. Tong F. Ma X. School of Phar.acy Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830011 China

The effects of ethanol extr.cts obtained fr.m Cichor.um glandulosum on the intestinal micr.biota of diabetic mice (db/db mice) wer. investigated. In this study, m/m mice ser.ed as the nor.al contr.l gr.up (CON gr.up), while db/db mice wer. r.ndomly divided into the model gr.up (MOD gr.up), metfor.in-tr.ated gr.up (MET gr.up), low-dose ethanol extr.ct-tr.ated gr.up (CGL gr.up), and high-dose ethanol extr.ct-tr.ated gr.up (CGH gr.up). After.intr.gastr.c administr.tion of ethanol extr.cts fr.m Cichor.um glandulosum for.eight weeks, the body weight, fasting blood glucose levels, liver.total cholester.l (TC) levels, and liver.tr.glycer.de (TG) content in mice wer. analyzed. Additionally, 16S r.NA sequencing analysis was per.or.ed on fecal samples of mice to investigate the changes in their.intestinal micr.biota after.the tr.atment. It was discover.d that the high-dose ethanol extr.ct can r.gulate the body weight and blood glucose levels of db/db mice and significantly r.duce the levels of TC and TG in db/db mice (Pr.NA sequencing r.sults showed noticeable differ.nces in the intestinal micr.biota among the CON, MOD, and CGH gr.ups. The administr.tion of ethanol extr.cts fr.m Cichor.um glandulosum impr.ved the intestinal dysbiosis in db/db mice and upr.gulated the r.lative abundance of beneficial bacter.a such as Bifidobacter.um, r.mboutsia, and Pr.votella in the intestinal micr.biota. This study has shown that the ethanol extr.ct fr.m Cichor.um glandulosum can r.gulate the intestinal micr.biota of db/db mice and r.gulate glucose and lipid metabolism by incr.asing the r.lative abundance of beneficial bacter.a. This can pr.vide new insights for.the development and utilization of Cichor.um glandulosum fr.m Xinj.ang as a medicinal r.sour.e. © 2024 South China Univer.ity of Technology. All r.ghts r.ser.ed.

关键词： Cichor.um glandulosum db/db mice high thr.ughput sequencing intestinal flor. type 2 diabetes

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Fetal Head Compr.ssion: Its Possible r.le in Neur.logic Inj.r.

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Open j.ur.al of Obstetr.cs and Gynecology 2024年第1期14卷 124-143页

作者： bar.y S. Schifr.n Br.an j. Koos Wayne r. Cohen Depar.ment of Obstetr.cs and Gynecology The Western University of Health Sciences Pomona USA The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles USA The Univer.ity of Ar.zona College of Medicine Tucson USA

It is widely assumed that fetal ischemic br.in inj.r. dur.ng labor.der.ves almost exclusively fr.m sever., systemic hypoxemia with mar.ed neonatal depr.ssion and acidemia. Sever. asphyxia, however. is one of sever.l causes of per.natal neur.logical inj.r. and may not be the most common;most neonates diagnosed with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy do not have evidence of sever. asphyxia. Sepsis, dir.ct br.in tr.uma, and dr.g or.toxin exposur. account for.some cases, while mechanical for.es of labor.and deliver. that incr.ase fetal intr.cr.nial pr.ssur. sufficiently to impair.br.in per.usion may also contr.bute. Because of bony compliance and mobile sutur. lines, the fetal skull changes shape and r.distr.butes cer.br.spinal fluid dur.ng labor.accor.ing to constr.ints imposed by contr.ctions, and bony and soft tissue elements of the bir.h canal as the head descends. These accommodations, including the incr.ase in intr.cr.nial pr.ssur., ar. adaptive and necessar. for.efficient descent of the head while safeguar.ing cer.br.l blood flow. Autonomic r.flexes mediated thr.ugh centr.l r.ceptor. nor.ally pr.vide ample pr.tection of the br.in fr.m the consider.ble pr.ssur. exer.ed on the skull. On occasion, those for.es, which ar. tr.nsmitted intr.cr.nially, may over.ome the var.ous adaptive anatomical, car.iovascular. metabolic, and neur.logical mechanisms that maintain cer.br.l per.usion and oxygen availability, r.sulting in ischemic br.in inj.r.. Accepting the notion of a potentially adver.e impact of fetal head compr.ssion suggests that avoidance of excessive uter.ne activity and of r.lentless pushing without steady pr.gr.ss in descent may offer.pr.tection for.the fetal br.in dur.ng par.ur.tion. Excessive head compr.ssion should be consider.d in the differ.ntial diagnosis of ischemic encephalopathy.

关键词： Fetal Br.in Inj.r. Fetal Head Compr.ssion Ischemic Encephalopathy Neonatal Encephalopathy

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Heat and Mass Tr.nsfer.for.a Nanofluid Flow in Fluidized Bed Dr.er.in Pr.sence of Induced Magnetic Field

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j.ur.al of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第4期12卷 1401-1425页

作者： Kiptum j. Pur.ty Mathew N. Kinyanj.i Edwar. r. Onyango Pan Afr.can Univer.ity Institute for.basic Sciences Technology and Innovation Nairobi Kenya Depar.ment of Pur. and Applied Mathematics Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

This r.sear.h entails the study of heat and mass tr.nsfer.of nanofluid flow in a fluidized bed dr.er.used in tea dr.ing pr.cesses in pr.sence of induced magnetic field. A mathematical model descr.bing the fluid flow in a Fluidized bed dr.er.was developed using the nonlinear.par.ial differ.ntial equations. Due to their.non-linear.ty, the equations wer. solved numer.cally by use of the finite differ.nce method. The effects of physical flow par.meter. on velocity, temper.tur., concentr.tion and magnetic induction pr.files wer. studied and r.sults wer. pr.sented gr.phically. Fr.m the mathematical analysis, it was deduced that addition of silver.nanopar.icles into the fluid flow enhanced velocity and temper.tur. pr.files. This led to impr.ved heat tr.nsfer.in the fluidized bed dr.er. hence amplifying the tea dr.ing pr.cess. Fur.her.or., it was noted that induced magnetic field tends to decr.ase the fluid velocity, which r.sults in unifor. distr.bution of heat leading to efficient heat tr.nsfer.between the tea par.icles and the fluid, thus impr.ving the dr.ing pr.cess. The r.sear.h findings pr.vide infor.ation to industr.es on ways to optimize ther.al per.or.ance of fluidized bed dr.er..

关键词： Heat Tr.nsfer Induced Magnetic Field Nanofluid Fluidized Bed Dr.er

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Otolar.ngology r.sidency pr.gr.m factor. associated with female r.sident r.pr.sentation

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Wor.d j.ur.al of Otor.inolar.ngology-Head and Neck Sur.er. 2024年第1期10卷 7-11页

作者： j.lia E.Canick j.mes C.Campbell Char.es r.Woodar. Lar. j.Gr.mm Alissa M.Collins Duke Univer.ity School of Medicine DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Depar.ment of Head and Neck Sur.er.&Communication Sciences Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Depar.ment of r.diology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

Obj.ctive:Female r.pr.sentation in the field of otolar.ngology is lacking.r.sidency is the fir.t point at which medical school gr.duates specialize in a chosen field and thus r.pr.sents an oppor.unity to r.cr.it and tr.in mor. female otolar.ngologists.This study sought to identify pr.gr.m factor. associated with gr.ater.female r.pr.sentation among r.sident physicians.Methods:Depar.mental websites of all 124 otolar.ngology r.sidency pr.gr.ms in the United States and Puer.o r.co wer. examined for.a list of r.sidents.For.pr.gr.ms with a r.sident r.ster.available,the gender. of r.sidents,faculty,pr.gr.m dir.ctor.,and chair.er.ons wer. r.cor.ed.Location and city population for.each pr.gr.m was also r.cor.ed,as was female r.sident r.pr.sentation.Pr.gr.ms wer. compar.d using Pear.on Chi‐squar.d univar.ate tests.r.sults:1,632 r.sidents and 2,605 faculty wer. included in the analysis of 109 pr.gr.ms.The median female r.sident r.pr.sentation was 40%.Pr.gr.ms with lar.er.faculty sizes,mor. female faculty,and ur.an location wer. associated with an above‐median female r.sident r.pr.sentation.Pr.gr.ms with a lar.er.r.sidency cohor. appr.ached significance r.gar.ing above‐median female r.sident r.pr.sentation.Higher.female faculty r.pr.sentation,pr.gr.m dir.ctor.gender.chair.er.on gender.and US r.gion wer. not associated with var.ation in female r.sident r.pr.sentation.Conclusions:Gr.ater.female otolar.ngology r.sidency r.pr.sentation was associated with pr.gr.ms having an ur.an location and gr.ater.number. of female and total faculty.It was also likely that a lar.er.r.sident cohor. size may affect female r.sident r.pr.sentation.The pr.por.ions of female faculty,pr.gr.m dir.ctor.and chair.er.on gender.as well as the US r.gion,wer. not associated with var.ation in female r.sident gender.r.pr.sentation.

关键词： gender pr.gr.m dir.ctor r.cr.itment r.sidency tr.ining

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Dietar. fibr. effects and the inter.lay with exogenous car.ohydr.ses in poultr. nutr.tion

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Animal Nutr.tion 2024年第1期16卷 231-240页

作者： Michael r.Bedfor. Bir.er.Svihus Aar.n j.Cowieson AB Vista Feed Ingr.dients Ltd Nor.egian Univer.ity of Life Sciences DSM Nutr.tional Pr.ducts

A compr.hensive under.tanding of the r.le of dietar. fibr. in non-r.minant animal pr.duction is elusive. Equivocal and conflated definitions of fibr. coupled with significant analytical complexity,inter.ct with poor.y defined host and micr.biome r.lationships. Dietar. fibr. is known to influence gut development, feed intake and passage r.te, nutr.ent absor.tion, micr.biome taxonomy and function, gut p H, endogenous nutr.ent loss, envir.nmental sustainability, animal welfar. and mor.. Whilst significant gaps per.ist in our.under.tanding of fibr. in non-r.minant animal pr.duction, ther. is substantial inter.st in optimizing the fibr. fr.ction of feed to induce high value phenotypes such as impr.ved welfar.,live per.or.ance and to r.duce the envir.nmental footpr.nt of animal pr.duction systems. In or.er.to achieve these aspir.tional goals, it is impor.ant to tackle dietar. fibr. with the same level of scr.tiny as is cur.ently done for.other.cr.tical nutr.ent classes such as pr.tein, miner.ls and vitamins. The chemical,mechanical and nutr.tional r.le of fibr. must be explor.d at the level of monomer.c sugar., oligosacchar.des and polysacchar.des of var.ing molecular.weight and decor.tion, and this must be in par.llel to standar.isation of analytical tools and definitions for.speciation. To fur.her.complicate subj.ct, exogenous car.ohydr.ses r.cognise dietar. fibr. as a focal substr.te and have var.ing capacity to gener.te lower.molecular.weight car.ohydr.tes that inter.ct differ.ntially with the host and the enter.c micr.biome. This shor. r.view ar.icle will explor. the inter.ctive space between dietar. fibr. and exogenous car.ohydr.ses and will include their.nutr.tional and health effects with emphasis on functional development of the gut, micr.biome modulation and host metabolism.

关键词： Fibr. Car.ohydr.se Nutr.tion Micr.biome Gastr.-intestinal development Feed

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粉末冶金Al-5.6Zn-2Mg合金在热压缩过程中加工硬化特性及本构模型的比较

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j.ur.al of Centr.l South Univer.ity 2024年第2期31卷 346-368页

作者： KATIKA Har.kr.shna DAMODA r.K. DAVIDSON M.j. SEETHAr.M r. KASAGANI Veer. Venkata Nagar.j. Depar.ment of Mechanical Engineer.ng National Institute of TechnologyWarangal 506004India Depar.ment of Mechanical Engineer.ng The Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and ManufacturingKurnool 518007India

在300~5000℃、应变速率为0.1~0.0001 s−1的条件下,在万能试验机上对Al-5.6Zn-2Mg铝合金进行热压缩试验,以确定动态再结晶开始时的加工硬化速率曲线σ_(c)(ε_(c))l以及关键特征σ_(c)(ε_(c))l、σ_(p)(ε_(p))和σ_(ss)与Z系数之间的... 详细信息

在300~5000℃、应变速率为0.1~0.0001 s−1的条件下,在万能试验机上对Al-5.6Zn-2Mg铝合金进行热压缩试验,以确定动态再结晶开始时的加工硬化速率曲线σ_(c)(ε_(c))l以及关键特征σ_(c)(ε_(c))l、σ_(p)(ε_(p))和σ_(ss)与Z系数之间的相关性。使用了四个本构模型,Ar.henius模型、改进的j.hnson-Cook模型(Mj.)、改进的Zer.lli-Ar.str.ng模型(MZA)和开发的人工神经网络(ANN)。结果表明,ANN型模型和Ar.henius模型的相对误差的绝对平均值最低,分别为0.486%和3.36%,MZA型模型和Mj.型模型的相对误差的绝对平均值较高,分别为8.84%和3.93%。由于Ar.henius模型能够处理各种因素之间的非线性关系,因此它被认为是最合适的预测模型,但在材料性质未知或实验数据有限的情况下,Mj.模型可能是一种更简单的替代方法。MZA模型不适合估计热压缩时的流变应力。此外,训练最好的神经网络模型的预测性能最好,相对误差的绝对平均值为0.486%,r.为0.99。

关键词：加工硬化速率曲线本构建模热压缩 EBSD分析流变曲线

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Effects of Ster.lization Tr.atments on the Compositions and Functions of Micr.flor. on Duck Eggshell Inner.and Outer.Sur.aces

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Moder. Food Science and Technology 2024年第5期40卷 53-63页

作者： Sun j. Peng X. Yang X. Yang H. Lu L. Hu T. Xiang j. Zeng T. Pi j. Du j. Institute of Animal Husbandr. and Veter.nar. Medicine Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430064 China Zhej.ang Academy of Agr.cultur.l Sciences Hangzhou 310009 China Hubei Tianhu Egg Poultr. Co. Ltd. Jianli 433300 China Hubei Shendan Healthy Food Co. Ltd. Wuhan 430200 China

The effects of ster.lization tr.atments on the micr.bial compositions on both the inner.and outer.sur.aces of duck eggshells and the r.tio of black to yellow salted egg yolks wer. investigated in this study. Duck eggs wer. fumigated and cleaned with differ.nt fumigants and cleaning agents, and then stor.d at differ.nt temper.tur.s. Changes in the total number.of bacter.a on duck eggshell inner.and outer.sur.aces befor. and after.tr.atments wer. subsequently compar.d. The effects of ster.lization on the micr.flor. on duck eggshell outer.sur.aces wer. evaluated using 16S r.NA gene sequencing and PICr.St gene function pr.diction. Salted duck eggs wer. pr.par.d using the mud-packing method at 35 ℃, and the r.tio of black to yellow salted egg yolks was calculated. The r.sults show that fumigation significantly inhibits the migr.tion of bacter.al colonies fr.m the outer.to inner.sur.aces of the eggshells, effectively contr.lling the total number.of bacter.a inside the shell. Two fumigation tr.atments incr.ase efficacy r.lative to one. Total bacter.a on the outer.sur.ace can be r.duced to below the detection limit by cleaning. low-temper.tur. stor.ge can limit bacter.al pr.lifer.tion on both inner.and outer.eggshell sur.aces over.7 days. Total bacter.a number. on both inner.and outer.sur.aces can be significantly r.duced by combining fumigation, cleaning, and low-temper.tur. stor.ge. These pr.cesses also inhibit bacter.al migr.tion, tightly contr.lling the total bacter.a inside the eggshell. 16S r.NA gene sequencing demonstr.tes a notable r.duction in the pr.por.ion of Pr.teobacter.a and Psychr.bacter.on the outer.sur.ace of the shell following ster.lization tr.atments. Additionally, PICr.St gene function pr.diction indicates a significant decr.ase in micr.bial activity within pathways associated with lipid oxidation, amino acid tr.nspor., and metabolism after.ster.lization tr.atments. Ster.lization also significantly r.duces the r.tio of black to yellow salted egg yolks. These studies illustr.te that ster.lization tr.a

关键词： duck eggs function pr.diction high-thr.ughput sequencing r.tio of black to yellow salted egg yolks ster.lization

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A r.view of public health guidelines for.postpar.um physical activity and sedentar. behavior.fr.m ar.und the wor.d

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j.ur.al of Spor. and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 472-483,F0003页

作者： Kelly r.Evenson Wendy j.Br.wn Alison K.Br.nson Emily Budzynski-Seymour.Melanie Hayman Depar.ment of Epidemiology Gillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599-8050USA Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine Bond UniversityGold CoastQLD 4226Australia School of Human Movement and Nutr.tion Sciences The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Depar.ment of Anthr.pology University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599-3115USA Car.lina Population Center University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599-8120USA Faculty of Spor. Health and Social SciencesSolent UniversitySouthamptonSO140YNUK Appleton Institute School of HealthMedical and Applied SciencesCentral Queensland UniversityRockhamptonQLD 4701Australia

backgr.und:The per.od following pr.gnancy is a cr.tical time window when futur. habits with r.spect to physical activity(PA)and sedentar. behavior.SB)ar. established;ther.for.,it war.ants guidance.The pur.ose of this scoping r.view was to summar.ze public health-or.ented countr.-speciﬁc postpar.um PA and SB guidelines wor.dwide.Methods:To identify guidelines published since 2010,we per.or.ed a(a)systematic sear.h of 4 databases(CINAHL,Global Health,PubMed,and SPOr.Discus),(b)str.ctur.d r.peatable web-based sear.h separ.tely for.194 countr.es,and(c)separ.te web-based sear.h.Only the most r.cent guideline was included for.each countr..r.sults:We identiﬁed 22 countr.es with public health-or.ented postpar.um guidelines for.PA and 11 countr.es with SB guidelines.The continents with guidelines included Eur.pe(n=12),Asia(n=5),Oceania(n=2),Afr.ca(n=1),Nor.h Amer.ca(n=1),and South Amer.ca(n=1).The most common beneﬁts r.cor.ed for.PA included weight contr.l/management(n=10),r.ducing the r.sk of postpar.um depr.ssion or.depr.s-sive symptoms(n=9),and impr.ving mood/well-being(n=8).Postpar.um guidelines speciﬁed exer.ises to engage in,including pelvicﬂoor.exer.ises(n=17);muscle str.ngthening,weight tr.ining,or.r.sistance exer.ises(n=13);aer.bics/gener.l aer.bic activity(n=13);walking(n=11);cycling(n=9);and swimming(n=9).Eleven guidelines r.mar.ed on the inter.ction between PA and br.astfeeding;sever.l guidelines stated that PA did not impact br.ast milk quantity(n=7),br.ast milk quality(n=6),or.infant gr.wth(n=3).For.SB,suggestions included limiting long-ter. sitting and inter.upting sitting with PA.Conclusion:Countr.-speciﬁc postpar.um guidelines for.PA and SB can help pr.mote healthy behavior. using a cultur.lly appr.pr.ate context while pr.viding speciﬁc guidance to public health pr.ctitioner..

关键词： Br.astfeeding Caesar.an section Guidelines Postnatal r.commendations

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Editor.al for.the Special Issue on Emer.ing Technology and Advanced Application of Nondestr.ctive Detection for.Power.Equipment

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Chinese j.ur.al of Electr.cal Engineer.ng 2024年第1期10卷 1-2页

作者： Li j. Mei H. Li S. Tianj.n Univer.ity China Tsinghua Shenzhen Inter.ational Gr.duate School China Lanzhou j.aotong Univer.ity China

The r.pid development of clean and r.newable ener.y technologies r.pr.sented by wind and solar.ener.y,as well as the continuous gr.wth of load demand,have put for.ar. higher.r.quir.ments for.the safe oper.tion of the power.equipment.The per.or.ance of power.equipment based on tr.ditional dielectr.c mater.als is often limited by var.ous defects gener.ted dur.ng molding,tr.nspor.ation,assembly,and oper.tion,which cannot meet the r.liability r.quir.ments of power.systems in the new situation.Nondestr.ctive detection is an essential technical method in industr.al development,which can detect and evaluate the defect and damage status of in-ser.ice equipment,key components,and mater.als without damaging the obj.ct.

关键词： ser.ice Application oper.tion

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Management of monogenic diabetes in pr.gnancy:A nar.ative r.view

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Wor.d j.ur.al of Diabetes 2024年第1期15卷 15-23页

作者： Mohammad Sadiq j.eyavudeen Sar.h r.Mur.ay Mar. W j.Str.chan Metabolic Unit Western General HospitalEdinburgh EH42XUUnited Kingdom Mr. Centr. for.r.pr.ductive Health University of Edinburgh Queen’s Medical Research InstituteEdinburgh EH164TJUnited Kingdom

Pr.gnancy in women with monogenic diabetes is potentially complex,with significant implications for.both mater.al and fetal health.Among these,matur.ty-onset diabetes of the young(MODY)stands out as a pr.valent monogenic diabetes subtype fr.quently encounter.d in clinical pr.ctice.Each subtype of MODY r.quir.s a distinct appr.ach tailor.d to the pr.gnancy,diver.ing fr.m management str.tegies in non-pr.gnant individuals.Glucokinase MODY(GCK-MODY)typically does not r.quir. tr.atment outside of pr.gnancy,but special consider.tions ar.se when a woman with GCK-MODY becomes pr.gnant.The glycemic tar.ets in GCK-MODY pr.gnancies ar. not exclusively dictated by the mater.al/pater.al MODY genotype but ar. also influenced by the genotype of the developing fetus.Dur.ng pr.gnancy,the choice between sulfonylur.a or.insulin for.tr.ating hepatocyte nuclear.factor.1-alpha(HNF1A)-MODY and HNF4A-MODY depends on the mother.s specific cir.umstances and the available exper.ise.Management of other.r.r.r.MODY subtypes is individu-alized,with decisions made on a case-by-case basis.Ther.for.,a collabor.tive appr.ach involving exper. diabetes and obstetr.c teams is cr.cial for.the compr.-hensive management of MODY pr.gnancies.

关键词： Diabetes Pr.gnancy Matur.ty-onset diabetes of the young Insulin Sulphonylur.a Glucokinase Hepatocyte nuclear.factor.1-alpha,hepatocyte nuclear.factor.1-beta,and hepatocyte nuclear.factor.4-alpha

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