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Women in visual neural regeneration research

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第2期20卷 489-490页

作者： Tonia s.rex David j.Calkins Vanderbilt Eye Institute Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA

The year 2024 marks the 60^(th)anniversary of Title IX and 25 years since the New York Times revealed bias against female faculty members at the Massachusetts Institute of *** take an opportunity here to examine the state of gender bias in a relatively new yet already prominent field,neural regeneration in the visual system,for which there is a well-defined context useful for this *** National Eye Institute(NEI)provided the first round of research funding for its Audacious Goals Initiative(AGI)on visual neural regeneration in 2013 and the last round in ***,we focus on this *** sources included PubMed,the National science Foundation(NsF),the NEI,the Blue ridge Institute for Medical research and data from the maj.r professional organization for eye and vision research,the Association for research in Vision and Ophthalmology(ArVO).

关键词： neural visual Times

Gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy:perspectives on the possibility of optimizing sMN1 delivery to correct all neurological and systemic perturbations

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第7期20卷 2011-2012页

作者： sharon j.Brown rafael j.Yáñez-Muñoz Heidi r.Fuller school of Pharmacy and Bioengineering Keele UniversityKeeleUK Wolfson Center for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease TORCH BuildingRJAH Orthopaedic HospitalOswestryUK *** Center of Gene and Cell TherapyDepartment of Biological SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and the EnvironmentRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK

spinal muscular atrophy(sMA)is a genetic condition that results in selective lower motor neuron loss with concomitant muscle weakness and *** genetic cause of sMA was understood in 1995 when loss or impairment of the survival motor neuron 1(sMN1)gene was identified as the main contributing factor(Lefebvre et al.,1995).This,in combination with the discovery that humans have a“back-up”gene,sMN2,which can produce low levels(approximately 10%)of the full-length functional sMN protein,has led to the generation of sMA-specific gene *** was traditionally classified according to age of symptom onset and developmental milestones achieved,with life expectancy and severity varying between ***,sMN2 copy number is used as a proxy for the prediction of disease severity,with higher sMN2 copy number typically being associated with reduced severity of sMA,although this relationship is not absolute:some individuals with low sMN2 copy number have less severe sMA phenotypes and vice ***,the etiology of sMA is further complicated by other factors,such as non-typical nucleotide variants and sMN2-independent modifiers of disease severity.

关键词： atrophy traditionally absolute

Combinatorial therapies for spinal cord inj.ry repair

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第5期20卷 1293-1308页

作者： Carla s.sousa Andreia Monteiro António j.salgado Nuno A.silva Life and Health sciences research Institute(ICVs) School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoCampus de Gualtar-gualtarBragaPortugal ICVs/3B’s Associate Lab PT Government Associated LabCampus de Gualtar-gualtarBragaPortugal

spinal cord inj.ries have profound detrimental effects on individuals, regardless of whether they are caused by trauma or non-traumatic events. The compromised regeneration of the spinal cord is primarily attributed to damaged neurons, inhibitory molecules, dysfunctional immune response, and glial scarring. Unfortunately, currently, there are no effective treatments available that can fully repair the spinal cord and improve functional outcomes. Nevertheless, numerous pre-clinical approaches have been studied for spinal cord inj.ry recovery, including using biomaterials, cells, drugs, or technological-based strategies. Combinatorial treatments, which target various aspects of spinal cord inj.ry pathophysiology, have been extensively tested in the last decade. These approaches aim to synergistically enhance repair processes by addressing various obstacles faced during spinal cord regeneration. Thus, this review intends to provide scientists and clinicians with an overview of pre-clinical combinatorial approaches that have been developed toward the solution of spinal cord regeneration as well as update the current knowledge about spinal cord inj.ry pathophysiology with an emphasis on the current clinical management.

关键词： electric stimulation neural tissue regeneration neuroprotection polytherapy spinal cord inj.ry

recent progress of CErN 39-cryogenic tracking detectors collaboration

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2006年第B01期16卷 137-140页

作者： j.Hrknen Helsinki Institute of Physics CERN /EPCH-1211 GenevaSwitzerland

significant progress was made by the CErN rD39 collaboration in the development of super radiation-hard cryogenic silicon detectors for applications in experiments at LHC, in particular after its future luminosity upgrade. The detailed modeling shows that the electric field in irradiated silicon detectors can easily be manipulated by the filling state of two deep defect levels at cryogenic temperature. Advanced radiation hard detectors using charge or current inj.ction and the current inj.cted detectors(CID) were developed by rD39. The results show that CID detectors can be operated at the temperature of 100?200 K with much improved charge collection efficiency(CCE) as compared with rT operation. Future studies are developing ultra-hard cryogenic silicon detectors for the LHC upgrade, where the radiation hardness is required up to 1016 neq/cm2, at which trapping will limit the charge collection depth to the range of 20 to 50 μm regardless of the depletion depth. The key of our approach is to use freeze-out trapping to affect CCE.

关键词：欧洲原子能研究机构 CErN39协作组低温跟踪俘获粒子探测器研究进展

Emerging role of A-kinase anchoring protein 5 signaling in reward circuit function

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第10期20卷 2913-2914页

作者： William j.Flerlage Mark L.Dell’Acqua Brian M.Cox Fereshteh s.Nugent Uniformed services University of the Health sciences Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsBethesdaMDUSA Department of Pharmacology University of Colorado School of MedicineAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA

There is a strong evidence supporting the hypothesis of synaptic dysfunction as a maj.r contributor to neural circuit and network disruption underlying emotional and mood dysregulation in psychiatric disorders(simmons et al.,2024).Diverse sets of distinct molecular signaling pathways converge on the synapse to regulate synaptogenesis,synaptic function,and synaptic plasticity in brain regions and circuits through complex interactions organized by numerous multivalent protein scaffolds,including the family of proteins known as A-kinase anchoring proteins(AKAPs).

关键词： function supporting

Deciphering Water Oxidation Catalysts: The Dominant role of surface Chemistry over reconstruction Degree in Activity Promotion

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NANO-MICrO LETTErs 2025年第1期17卷 1-15页

作者： An, Li Li, j.anyi sun, Yuanmiao Zhu, j.amin seow, j.stin Zhu Yeow Zhang, Hong Zhang, Nan Xi, Pinxian Xu, Zhichuan j. Yan, Chun-Hua Lanzhou Univ Frontiers Sci Ctr Rare Isotopes Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat G State Key Lab Appl Organ ChemColl Chem & Chem Eng Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Mat Sci & Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore Chinese Acad sci Fac Mat Sci & Energy Engn Shenzhen Inst Adv Technol Inst Technol Carbon Neutral Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Yunnan Univ Natl Ctr Int Res Photoelect & Energy Mat Electron Microscopy Ctr Sch Mat & EnergyKey Lab Electromagnet Mat & Devic Kunming 650091 Peoples R China Baotou res Inst rare Earths State Key Lab Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Res & Baotou 014030 Peoples R China Peking Univ Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci State Key Lab Rare Earth Mat Chem & Applicat PKU HKU Joint Lab Rare Earth Mat & Bioinorgan Chem Beijing 100871 Peoples R China

Demonstrate that the key factor to determine the activity of reconstructed surfaces is the surface chemistry, instead of reconstruction degree using the popular perovskite LaNi1-xFexO3 oxides as model *** content can influence both the surface reconstruction degree, the activation degree, and the activity of reconstructed *** oxygen evolution reaction activity of reconstructed catalysts is primarily governed by the chemistry of the reconstructed surface species. Water splitting hinges crucially on the availability of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction. The surface reconstruction has been widely observed in perovskite catalysts, and the reconstruction degree has been often correlated with the activity enhancement. Here, a systematic study on the roles of Fe substitution in activation of perovskite LaNiO3 is reported. The substituting Fe content influences both current change tendency and surface reconstruction degree. LaNi0.9Fe0.1O3 is found exhibiting a volcano-peak intrinsic activity in both pristine and reconstructed among all substituted perovskites in the LaNi1-xFexO3 (x = 0.00, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00) series. The reconstructed LaNi0.9Fe0.1O3 shows a higher intrinsic activity than most reported NiFe-based catalysts. Besides, density functional theory calculations reveal that Fe substitution can lower the O 2p level, which thus stabilize lattice oxygen in LaNi0.9Fe0.1O3 and ensure its long-term stability. Furthermore, it is vital interesting that activity of the reconstructed catalysts relied more on the surface chemistry rather than the reconstruction degree. The effect of Fe on the degree of surface reconstruction of the perovskite is decoupled from that on its activity enhancement after surface reconstruction. This finding showcases the importance to customize the surface chemistry of reconstructed catalysts for water oxidation.

关键词： Oxygen evolution reaction Perovskite oxides Doping Activation and reconstruction

small Zeros of Additive Forms in several Variables

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Acta Mathematica sinica,English series 1998年第1期14卷 57-66页

作者： j. s. Hwang Institute of Mathematics Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan 11529 China

Let f（X） be an additive form defined by f（X）=f（x1. x2,…,xs）=σ1α1x1k+σα2x2k+…+σsαsxsk, where αo≠0 is integer, i=1, 2,…, s. In 1979, schmidt proved that if ε>0 then there is a large constant C（k, ε）... 详细信息

Let f（X） be an additive form defined by f（X）=f（xsub>1sub>. xsub>2sub>,…,xsub>ssub>）=σsub>1sub>αsub>1sub>xsub>1sub>sup>ksup>+σsub>αsub>sub>2sub>xsub>2sub>sup>ksup>+…+σsub>ssub>αsub>ssub>xsub>ssub>sup>ksup>, where αsub>osub>≠0 is integer, i=1, 2,…, s. In 1979, schmidt proved that if ε>0 then there is a large constant C（k, ε） such that for s≥C（k, ε） the equation f（X）=0 has a nontrivial integer solution in σsub>1sub>. σsub>2sub>,…σsub>ssub>, xsub>1sub>, xsub>2sub>…,xsub>ssub> satisfying σsub>isub>=±1 and |xsub>isub>|≤Asup>εsup>, i=1, 2.…,s where A=max|ai|. schmidt did not estimate this constant C（k. ε） since it would be extremely large. In this paper, we prove the following result: Theorem 1 If log A≤1/ε,then C（k,ε）≤max （2/ε,20）; if log A>1/ε,A is sufficiently larye and 1/2A≤5≤|asub>isub>|≤A,i=1. 2,…, s, then C（k,ε）≤csub>1sub>csub>2sub>sup>psup> and if the last condition is omitted, then C（k. ε）≤[4/ε]csub>1sub>csub>2sub>,where csub>1sub>={2k+1 for≤k≤11 [5ksup>2sup>log k] for k≥12, csub>2sub>=100csub>1sub>ksup>2sup>2sup>ksup>+csub>1sub>sup>2sup> and p=2[log 2csub>1sub>/ε]. We note that the inequality in the first case is sharp but not in the second case.

关键词： Additive form subset sums small zeros

CFD simulations of gas-solid flow in an industrial-scale circulating fluidized bed furnace using subgrid-scale drag models

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Particuology 2015年第1期13卷 66-75页

作者： sruj.l shah Kari My?h?nen sirpa Kallio Timo Hypp?nen Department of Energy Technology Lappeenranta University of Technology VTT Technical research Centre of Finland

Mesoscale flow structures such as clusters and streamers of particles are characteristic features of gas-solid flow in fluidized beds. Numerical simulations of gas-solid flows for industrial-scale fluidized beds are often performed using the Eulerian description of phases. An accurate prediction of this type of flow structure using the Eulerian modeling approach requires a sufficiently fine mesh resolution. Because of the long computational time required when using fine meshes, simulations of industrial-sized units are usually conducted using coarse meshes, which cannot resolve the mesoscale flow structures. This leads to an overestimation of the gas-solid drag force and a false prediction of the flow field. For these cases, a cor- rection must be formulated for the gas-solid drag. We have simulated a large-scale circulating fluidized bed furnace using different gas-solid drag models and compared the model results with measurements.

关键词： Circulating fluidized bed Computational fluid dynamics Two-fluid model Drag correlation Modeling

Probing Co/si interface behaviour by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPs) and atomic force microscopy (AFM)

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Nuclear science and Techniques 2006年第4期17卷 202-211页

作者： PAN j. s. LIU r. s. TOK E. s. Institute of Materials research and Engineering 3 Research Link Singapore 117602 Department of Physics National University of Singapore Kent Ridge Singapore 119260

In this work, we investigate the Co-si reaction, the Co growth mode at room temperature, diffusion be- haviour as well as morphology evolution during annealing on both H-terminated and clean si(001) and si(111) sur- faces. From in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPs) investigation, “Co-si” reaction appears to occur on both H-terminated and clean surfaces at room temperature (rT) and the silicide crystallinity is improved upon annealing. Co growth mode on H-terminated si surfaces occurs in a pseudo layer-by-layer manner while small close-packed is- land growth mode is observed on the clean si surface. Upon annealing at different temperatures, Co atom concentra- tion decreases versus annealing time, which in part is attributed to Co atoms inward diffusion. The diffusion behav- iour on both types of surfaces demonstrates a similar trend. Morphology study using ex-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) shows that the islands formed on si(001) surface after annealing at 700 °C are elongated with growth direc- tions alternate between the two perpendicular [ 110 ] and [110] directions. Triangular islands are observed on si (111) surface.

关键词：钴硅金属-半导体界面反应 X射线光电子光谱学原子力显微镜方法表面形态