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Atomic-Scale Insights into Damage Mechanisms of GGr15 Bearing Steel Under Cyclic Shear Fatigue

Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第7期37卷 1265-1278页

作者： Qiao-Sheng Xia Dong-Peng Hua qing Zhou Ye-Ran Shi Xiang-tao Deng Kai-Ju Lu Hai-Feng Wang Xiu-Bing Liang Zhao-Dong Wang State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal MaterialsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an710072China State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819China Defense Innovation Institute Academy of Military ScienceBeijing100071China

Alternating shear stress is a critical factor in the accumulation of damage during rolling contact fatigue,severely limiting the service life of ***,the specific mechanisms responsible for the cyclic shear fatigue damage in bearing steel have not been fully *** the mechanical response and microstructural evolution of a model GGr15 bearing steel under cyclic shear loading are investigated through the implementation of molecular dynamics *** samples undergo 30 cycles under three different loading conditions with strains of 6.2%,9.2%,and 12.2%,*** findings indicate that severe cyclic shear deformation results in early cyclic softening and significant accumulation of plastic damage in the bearing ***,samples subjected to higher strain-controlled loading exhibit higher plastic strain energy and shorter fatigue ***,strain localization is identified as the predominant damage mechanism in cyclic shear fatigue of the bearing steel,which accumulates and ultimately results in fatigue ***,simulation results also revealed the microstructural reasons for the strain localization(e.g.,BCC phase transformation into FCC and HCP phase),which well explained the formation of white etching *** study provides fresh atomic-scale insights into the mechanisms of cyclic shear fatigue damage in bearing steels.

关键词： Cyclic shear fatigue Molecular dynamic simulation Bearing steels Plastic damage accumulation

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结合自适应步长策略和数据增强机制提升对抗攻击迁移性

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电子学报 2024年第1期52卷 157-169页

作者：鲍蕾陶蔚陶卿中国人民解放军陆军炮兵防空兵学院信息工程系安徽合肥230031 中国人民解放军军事科学院北京100091

深度神经网络具有脆弱性,容易被精心设计的对抗样本攻击.梯度攻击方法在白盒模型上攻击成功率较高,但在黑盒模型上的迁移性较弱.基于Heavy-ball型动量和Nesterov型动量的梯度攻击方法由于在更新方向上考虑了历史梯度信息,提升了对抗样... 详细信息

深度神经网络具有脆弱性,容易被精心设计的对抗样本攻击.梯度攻击方法在白盒模型上攻击成功率较高,但在黑盒模型上的迁移性较弱.基于Heavy-ball型动量和Nesterov型动量的梯度攻击方法由于在更新方向上考虑了历史梯度信息,提升了对抗样本的迁移性.为了进一步使用历史梯度信息,本文针对收敛性更好的Nesterov型动量方法,使用自适应步长策略代替目前广泛使用的固定步长,提出了一种方向和步长均使用历史梯度信息的迭代快速梯度方法(Nesterov and Adaptive-learning-rate based Iterative Fast Gradient Method,NAI-FGM).此外,本文还提出了一种线性变换不变性(Linear-transformation Invariant Method,LIM)的数据增强方法 .实验结果证实了NAI-FGM攻击方法和LIM数据增强策略相对于同类型方法均具有更高的黑盒攻击成功率.组合NAI-FGM方法和LIM策略生成对抗样本,在常规训练模型上的平均黑盒攻击成功率达到87.8%,在对抗训练模型上的平均黑盒攻击成功率达到57.5%,在防御模型上的平均黑盒攻击成功率达到67.2%,均超过现有最高水平.

关键词：对抗样本迁移性 Nesterov型动量自适应步长线性变换不变性

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Morphological and biochemical characteristics associated with autophagy in gastrointestinal diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第11期30卷 1524-1532页

作者： Yi-Fan Chang Jia-Jing Li tao Liu Chong-qing Wei Li-Wei Ma Vladimir N Nikolenko Wei-Long Chang Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052Henan ProvinceChina Department of Pathology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052Henan ProvinceChina Department of Clinical Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052Henan ProvinceChina Department of Human Anatomy and Histology I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University(Sechenov University)Moscow 119991Russia

Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process characterized by the formation of double-membrane *** electron microscopy is the most rigorous method to clearly visualize autophagic engulfment and degradation.A large number of studies have shown that autophagy is closely related to the digestion,secretion,and regeneration of gastrointestinal(GI)***,the role of autophagy in GI diseases remains *** article focuses on the morphological and biochemical characteristics of autophagy in GI diseases,in order to provide new ideas for their diagnosis and treatment.

关键词： Autophagy Morphological study Biochemical characteristics Subcellular structure Transmission electron microscopy Gastrointestinal diseases

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Metal-N_(4)model single‐atom catalyst with electroneutral quadri‐pyridine macrocyclic ligand for CO_(2)electroreduction

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Carbon Energy 2024年第8期6卷 122-133页

作者： Jian‐Zhao Peng Yin‐Long Li Yao‐Ti Cheng Fu‐Zhi Li Bo Cao qing Wang Xian Yue Guo‐tao Lai Yang‐Gang Wang Jun Gu Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina Institute for Catalysis Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan

Metal–N–C single‐atom catalysts,mostly prepared from pyrolysis of metalorganic precursors,are widely used in heterogeneous *** metal sites with diverse local structures coexist in this type of material and it is challenging to characterize the local structure,a reliable structure–property relationship is difficult to *** macrocyclic complexes adsorbed on carbon support are well‐defined models to mimic the singleatom ***–N_(4)site with four electroneutral pyridine‐type ligands embedded in a graphene layer is the most commonly proposed structure of the active site of single‐atom catalysts,but its molecular counterpart has not been *** this work,we synthesized the conjugated macrocyclic complexes with a metal center(Co,Fe,or Ni)coordinated with four electroneutral pyridinic ligands as model catalysts for CO_(2)*** comparison,the complexes with anionic quadri‐pyridine macrocyclic ligand were also *** Co complex with the electroneutral ligand expressed a turnover frequency of CO formation more than an order of magnitude higher than that of the Co complex with the anionic *** ab initio molecular dynamics simulations based on the well‐defined structures of the model catalysts indicate that the Co complex with the electroneutral ligand possesses a stronger ability to mediate electron transfer from carbon to CO_(2).

关键词： ab initio molecular dynamics CO_(2)reduction electrocatalysis model catalyst single‐atom catalyst

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A mixed-valence polyoxometalate-based 3D inorganic framework cathode material for high-efficiency rechargeable AZIBs

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Rare Metals 2024年第8期43卷 3677-3691页

作者： qing Han Hao-Ran Xiao tao Zhou Bing-Chuan Li Liu Yang Ling-Ling Xie Xue-Jing Qiu Xian-Yong Wu Li-Min Zhu Xiao-Yu Cao School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University of TechnologyZhengzhou 450001China Key Laboratory of High Specific Energy Materials for Electrochemical Power Sources of Zhengzhou City Zhengzhou 450001China College of Materials Engineering Henan University of EngineeringZhengzhou450007China School of Environmental Engineering Henan University of TechnologyZhengzhou 450001China Department of Chemistry University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras CampusSan JuanPR 00925USA

The global trend towards new energy storage systems has stimulated the development of electrochemical energy storage *** these technologies,rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)have attracted considerable interest as a potential alternative to lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to their affordable cost,environmental compatibility and high safety *** this study,a high-quality electrode for AZIBs has been successfully developed using a dehydrated mixed-valence polyoxometalate-based three-dimensional(3D)inorganic framework material known as[H_6Mn_(3)V^Ⅳ_(15)V-^Ⅴ_(4O)_(46)(H_2O)_(12)](3D-MnVO).This innovative 3D-MnVO material is built from the alternate connections of{V_(19)O_(46)}"sphere-shaped"clusters andμ_(2)-{Mn(H_(2)O)_(4)}bridges,where each{V_(19)O_(46)}cluster is surrounded by three pairs of vertically distributed{Mn(H_(2)O)_(4)}units,thus resulting in the 3D interpenetrating grid-like network from the infinite[-{V_(19)O_(46)}-μ_(2)-Mn(H_(2)O)_(4)-{V_(19)O_(46)}]_∞chains in three mutually perpendicular *** 3D framework structure of 3D-MnVO possesses abundant oxygen vacancies,spacious and multi-level interconnected channels for ion transport,which facilitates the efficient intercalation/deintercalation of hydrated Zn^(2+)into the pores of the primary structure via the intercalation capacitance *** a result,the 3D-MnVO electrode exhibits excellent diffusion rates and minimal interfacial *** a current density of 0.1 A·g^(-1),the 3D-MnVO cathode delivers a commendable discharge capacity of170.5 mAh·g^(-1)with 81.6%capacity retention after100 charge/discharge ***,even at a high current density of 1.0 A·g^(-1),the 3D-MnVO electrode delivers a remarkable reversible capacity of198.9 mAh·g^(-1).Our research results provide valuable insights into the development of advanced polyoxometalate-based 3D inorganic framework electrode materials for high-performance rechargeable AZIBs.

关键词： Cathode Polyoxometalate 3D inorganic framework Zinc-ion batteries Energy storage mechanism

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Introgression of lac6/tl1/du13 improves the palatability of japonica rice

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The Crop Journal 2024年第4期12卷 1259-1265页

作者： Yong Yang tao Zhang Yuliang Shi Yan Lu Qianfeng Li Xiaolei Fan Lichun Huang Lu Chen Xuetang Song qing Liu Changquan Zhang Qiaoquan Liu Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education Agricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009JiangsuChina Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009JiangsuChina Jiang Su(Wu Jin)Rice Research Institute Changzhou 213175JiangsuChina

Amylose content(AC)is a crucial determinant of the eating and cooking quality(ECQ)of rice,with low AC varieties exhibiting a softer texture and greater stickiness-attributes that enhance palatability and are desirable in specific culinary *** harness these traits,significant efforts have been made to manipulate AC to improve rice *** research utilized the MutMap+approach to identify LAC6/TL1,a gene that is an allele of Du13,responsible for low ***6 encodes a C2H2 zinc finger protein,which specifically increases the splicing efficiency of the Wxb allele without affecting the Wxa *** studies of LAC6 revealed that its proper integration could rectify the undesirable AC phenotype,whereas mutations within this gene led to reduced AC and were associated with shorter grain length and decreased thousand-grain *** these drawbacks,such mutations positively impact rice palatability,presenting a trade-off between grain size and eating *** address the challenges posed by the reduced grain weight associated with LAC6 mutations,we developed a specific molecular marker for LAC6,which has been effectively used in breeding programs to select lac6/tl1/du13 homozygous individuals with larger grain *** findings demonstrate that the“small grain”trait associated with lac6/tl1/du13 can be effectively mitigated through combined phenotype-based and marker-assisted *** study highlights the potential of lac6/tl1/du13 as a valuable gene for breeding novel,high-quality soft rice varieties through targeted breeding strategies.

关键词： Rice Dull endosperm Amylose content Wx Breeding

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Automatic detection of small bowel lesions with different bleeding risks based on deep learning models

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第2期30卷 170-183页

作者： Rui-Ya Zhang Peng-Peng Qiang Ling-Jun Cai tao Li Yan Qin Yu Zhang Yi-qing Zhao Jun-Ping Wang Department of Gastroenterology The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan 030012Shanxi ProvinceChina School of Computer and Information Technology Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006Shanxi ProvinceChina School of Life Sciences and Technology Mudanjiang Normal UniversityMudanjiang 157011Heilongjiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Deep learning provides an efficient automatic image recognition method for small bowel(SB)capsule endoscopy(CE)that can assist physicians in ***,the existing deep learning models present some unresolved *** To propose a novel and effective classification and detection model to automatically identify various SB lesions and their bleeding risks,and label the lesions accurately so as to enhance the diagnostic efficiency of physicians and the ability to identify high-risk bleeding *** The proposed model represents a two-stage method that combined image classification with object ***,we utilized the improved ResNet-50 classification model to classify endoscopic images into SB lesion images,normal SB mucosa images,and invalid ***,the improved YOLO-V5 detection model was utilized to detect the type of lesion and its risk of bleeding,and the location of the lesion was *** constructed training and testing sets and compared model-assisted reading with physician *** The accuracy of the model constructed in this study reached 98.96%,which was higher than the accuracy of other systems using only a single *** sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of the model-assisted reading detection of all images were 99.17%,99.92%,and 99.86%,which were significantly higher than those of the endoscopists’*** image processing time of the model was 48 ms/image,and the image processing time of the physicians was 0.40±0.24 s/image(P<0.001).CONCLUSION The deep learning model of image classification combined with object detection exhibits a satisfactory diagnostic effect on a variety of SB lesions and their bleeding risks in CE images,which enhances the diagnostic efficiency of physicians and improves the ability of physicians to identify high-risk bleeding groups.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Deep learning Capsule endoscopy Image classification Object detection Bleeding risk

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Pig H3K4me3,H3K27ac,and gene expression profiles reveal reproductive tissue-specific activity of transposable elements

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Zoological Research 2024年第1期45卷 138-151页

作者： tao Jiang Zhi-Min Zhou Zi-Qi Ling qing Zhang Zhong-Zi Wu Jia-Wen Yang Si-Yu Yang Bin Yang Lu-Sheng Huang National Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangJiangxi 330045China

Regulatory sequences and transposable elements(TEs)account for a large proportion of the genomic sequences of species;however,their roles in gene transcription,especially tissue-specific expression,remain largely *** serve as an excellent animal model for studying genomic sequence biology due to the extensive diversity among their wild and domesticated ***,we conducted an integrated analysis using H3K27ac ChIP-seq,H3K4me3 ChIP-seq,and RNA-seq data from 10 different tissues of seven fetuses and eight closely related adult *** aimed to annotate the regulatory elements and TEs to elucidate their associations with histone modifications and mRNA expression across different tissues and developmental *** on correlation analysis between mRNA expression and H3K27ac and H3K4me3 peak activity,results indicated that H3K27ac exhibited stronger associations with gene expression than ***,1.45%of TEs overlapped with either the H3K27ac or H3K4me3 peaks,with the majority displaying tissue-specific ***,a TE subfamily(LTR4C_SS),containing binding motifs for SIX1 and SIX4,showed specific enrichment in the H3K27ac peaks of the adult and fetal ***-seq analysis also revealed widespread expression of TEs in the exons or promoters of genes,including 4688 TE-containing transcripts with distinct development stage-specific and tissue-specific *** note,1967 TE-containing transcripts were enriched in the *** identified a long terminal repeat(LTR),MLT1F1,acting as a testis-specific alternative promoter in SRPK2(a cell cycle-related protein kinase)in our pig *** element was also conserved in humans and mice,suggesting either an ancient integration of TEs in genes specifically expressed in the testes or parallel evolutionary ***,our findings demonstrate that TEs are deeply embedded in the genome and exhibit important tissue-specific biological functions,particularly in the reproductive

关键词： Transposable elements Porcine Histone modification Alternative promoter TE-containing transcript

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Emerging non-antibody‒drug conjugates (non-ADCs) therapeutics of toxins for cancer treatment

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第4期14卷 1542-1559页

作者： Xiaolan Xu Jiaming Zhang tao Wang Jing Li Yukang Rong Yanfang Wang Chenxia Bai qing Yan Xiaohua Ran Yingli Wang Tianhong Zhang Jin Sun Qikun Jiang Wuya College of Innovation Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang 110016China School of Education University of NottinghamNottingham NG72RDUK Department of Pharmacy Linyi People's HospitalShandong UniversityLinyi 276000China State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The non-selective cytotoxicity of toxins limits the clinical relevance of the *** recent years,toxins have been widely used as warheads for antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs)due to their eff-cient killing activity against various cancer *** ADCs confer certain targeting properties to the toxins,low drug loading capacity,possible immunogenicity,and other drawbacks also limit the po-tential application of ***,non-ADC delivery strategies for toxins have been extensively *** further understand the application of toxins in anti-tumor,this paper provided an over-view of prodrugs,nanodrug delivery systems,and biomimetic drug delivery *** addition,toxins and their combination strategies with other therapies were ***,the prospect and challenge of toxins in cancertreatmentwerealso summarized.

关键词： Toxins Non-antibody-drug conjugates Delivery strategies Prodrugs Nano drug delivery systems Biomimetic drugdelivery systems Combination strategies Cancer treatment

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Synergistic mechanisms of AMF and biochar driving rhizosphere fungal community in shallot in barren soil

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第5期10卷 1252-1256页

作者： Zishan Li Yingyue Li qing Zhang Zihua Zhang Jiaqing Jiang tao Huang Chunge Mei Fulang Wu Beijiu Cheng Xiaoyu Li Jin Chen National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding Schools of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiAnhui 230036China

The addition of biochar(BC)or Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)alone has been reported to promote plant growth,while their synergistic effects on Allium schoenoprasum root morphology and rhizosphere fungal community in barren soil is still *** this study,we investigated the effects of BC and AMF(Funneliformis mosseae)on plant growth and root morphology in barren soil and revealed the structure of soil fungal communities Therefore,a greenhouse pot trial consisting of five treatments was *** results showed that the combination of biochar and AMF significantly improved plant biomass,nutrient uptake,mycorrhizal colonization rates and soil properties and significantly impacted rhizosphere fungal community composition and *** significantly increased the fungal community stability and enhanced their positive correlation with *** findings indicated that the combination of AMF and biochar play synergic role for plant growth and rhizosphere fungal community in barren soil.

关键词： soil rhizosphere barren

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