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Minocycline Activates the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract- Associated Network to Alleviate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation

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Chinese Medical Sciences Journal 2022年第1期37卷 1-14页

作者： Jianbo Xiu Lanlan Li qi Xu State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesSchool of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100005China Neuroscience Center Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100005China

Objective To examine the neuroanatomical substrates underlying the effects of minocycline in alleviating lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced neuroinflammation.Methods Forty C57BL/6 male mice were randomly and equally divided into eight groups.Over three conse-cutive days,saline was administered to four groups of mice and minocycline to the other four groups.Immediately after the administration of saline or minocycline on the third day,two groups of mice were additionally injected with saline and the other two groups were injected with LPS.Six or 24 hours after the last injection,mice were sacrificed and the brains were removed.Immunohistochemical staining across the whole brain was performed to detect microglia activation via Iba1 and neuronal activation via c-Fos.Morphology of microglia and the number of c-Fo-positive neurons were analyzed by Image-Pro Premier 3D.One-way ANOVA and Fisher’s least-significant differences were employed for statistical analyses.Results Minocycline alleviated LPS-induced neuroinflammation as evidenced by reduced activation of microglia in multiple brain regions,including the shell part of the nucleus accumbens(Acbs),paraventricular nucleus(PVN)of the hypothalamus,central nucleus of the amygdala(CeA),locus coeruleus(LC),and nucleus tractus solitarius(NTS).Minocycline significantly increased the number of c-Fo-positive neurons in NTS and area postrema(AP)after LPS treatment.Furthermore,in NTS-associated brain areas,including LC,lateral parabrachial nucleus(LPB),periaqueductal gray(PAG),dorsal raphe nucleus(DR),amygdala,PVN,and bed nucleus of the stria terminali(BNST),minocycline also significantly increased the number of c-Fo-positive neurons after LPS administration.Conclusion Minocycline alleviates LPS-induced neuroinflammation in multiple brain regions,possibly due to increased activation of neurons in the NTS-associated network.

关键词： neuroinflammation lipopolysaccharide depression nucleus tractus solitaries microglia

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An overview of substrate stiffness guided cellular response and its applications in tissue regeneration

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第9期7卷 82-102页

作者： Bingcheng Yi qi Xu Wei Liu Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue EngineeringShanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200011China Plastic Surgery Research Institute Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang261042China

Cell-matrix interactions play a critical role in tissue repair and regeneration.With gradual uncovering of substrate mechanical characteristics that can affect cell-matrix interactions,much progress has been made to unravel substrate stiffness-mediated cellular response as well as its underlying mechanisms.Yet,as a part of cell-matrix interaction biology,this field remains in its infancy,and the detailed molecular mechanisms are still elusive regarding scaffold-modulated tissue regeneration.This review provides an overview of recent progress in the area of the substrate stiffness-mediated cellular responses,including 1)the physical determination of substrate stiffness on cell fate and tissue development;2)the current exploited approaches to manipulate the stiffness of scaffolds;3)the progress of recent researches to reveal the role of substrate stiffness in cellular responses in some representative tissue-engineered regeneration varying from stiff tissue to soft tissue.This article aims to provide an up-to-date overview of cell mechanobiology research in substrate stiffness mediated cellular response and tissue regeneration with insightful information to facilitate interdisciplinary knowledge transfer and enable the establishment of prognostic markers for the design of suitable biomaterials.

关键词： Substrate stiffness Cellular response Cell-matrix interaction Mechanobiology Tissue engineering

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Postzygotic mosaic mutations in autism spectrum disorder and other neuropsychiatric disorders

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Science Bulletin 2017年第24期62卷 1624-1625页

作者： Longze Sha qi Xu State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Neuroscience center Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100005 China

Autism,or autism spectrum disorder(ASD),refers to a range of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by:(1)impaired social interaction,(2)impaired verbal and non-verbal communication,and(3)restricted and repetitive behavior[1].Although typically not diagnosed until the age of 3,symptoms can present during infancy.Early intervention with behavioral therapies has been shown to improve learning,communication,and social skills.

关键词： Postzygotic mosaic mutations in autism spectrum disorder and other neuropsychiatric disorders

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Anti-Interference Low-Power Double-Edge Triggered Flip-Flop Based on C-Elements

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2022年第1期27卷 1-12页

作者： Zhengfeng Huang Xiao Yang Tai Song Haochen qi Yiming Ouyang Tianming Ni qi Xu School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230601China School of Computer and Information Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230601China School of Electrical Engineering Anhui Polytechnic UniversityWuhu 241000China

When the input signal has been interfered and glitches occur,the power consumption of Double-Edge Triggered Flip-Flops(DETFFs)will significantly increase.To effectively reduce the power consumption,this paper presents an anti-interference low-power DETFF based on C-elements.The improved C-element is used in this DETFF,which effectively blocks the glitches in the input signal,prevents redundant transitions inside the DETFF,and reduces the charge and discharge frequencies of the transistor.The C-element has also added pull-up and pull-down paths,reducing its latency.Compared with other existing DETFFs,the DETFF proposed in this paper only flips once on the clock edge,which greatly reduces the redundant transitions caused by glitches and effectively reduces power consumption.This paper uses HSPICE to simulate the proposed DETFF and other 10 DETFFs.The findings show that compared with the other 10 types of DETFFs,the proposed DETFF has achieved large performance indexes in the total power consumption,total power consumption with glitches,delays,and power delay product.A detailed analysis of variance indicates that the proposed DETFF features less sensitivity to process,voltage,temperature,and Negative Bias Temperature Instability(NBTI)-induced aging variations.

关键词： Double-Edge Triggered Flip-Flop(DETFF) glitch low-power C-element

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Algorithm Design and Approximation Analysis on Distributed Robust Game

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2023年第2期36卷 480-499页

作者： xu Gehui CHEN Guanpu qi Hongsheng Key Laboratory of Systems and Control Academy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesSciencesBeijing 100190China School of Mathematical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China

This paper designs a distributed algorithm to seek generalized Nash equilibria of a robust game with uncertain coupled constraints.Due to the uncertainty of parameters in set constraints,the authors aim to find a generalized Nash equilibrium in the worst case.However,it is challenging to obtain the exact equilibria directly because the parameters are from general convex sets,which may not have analytic expressions or are endowed with high-dimensional nonlinearities.To solve this problem,the authors first approximate parameter sets with inscribed polyhedrons,and transform the approximate problem in the worst case into an extended certain game with resource allocation constraints by robust optimization.Then the authors propose a distributed algorithm for this certain game and prove that an equilibrium obtained from the algorithm induces anε-generalized Nash equilibrium of the original game,followed by convergence analysis.Moreover,resorting to the metric spaces and the analysis on nonlinear perturbed systems,the authors estimate the approximation accuracy related toεand point out the factors influencing the accuracy ofε.

关键词： Approximation distributed algorithm e-Nash equilibrium robust game

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Interannual Variability of Summertime Outgoing Longwave Radiation over the Maritime Continent in Relation to East Asian Summer Monsoon Anomalies

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2017年第4期31卷 665-677页

作者： qi Xu Zhaoyong GUAN Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology Nanjing 210044

The Maritime Continent（MC） is under influences of both the tropical Pacific and the Indian Ocean. Anomalous convective activities over the MC have significant impacts on the East Asian summer monsoon（EASM） and climate in China. In the present study, the variation in convective activity over the MC in boreal summer and its relationship to EASM anomalies are investigated based on regression analysis of NCEP–NCAR reanalysis and CMAP [Climate Prediction Center（CPC） Merged Analysis of Precipitation] data, with a focus on the impacts of ENSO and the Indian Ocean Dipole（IOD）. The most significant interannual variability of convective activity is found over 10°S–10°N, 95°–145°E, which can be roughly defined as the key area of the MC（hereafter, KMC）. Outgoing longwave radiation anomaly（OLRA） exhibits 3- to 7-yr periodicities over the KMC, and around 70% of the OLRA variance can be explained by the ENSO signal. However, distinct convection and precipitation anomalies still exist over this region after the ENSO and IOD signals are removed. Abnormally low precipitation always corresponds to positive OLRA over the KMC when negative diabatic heating anomalies and anomalous cooling of the atmospheric column lead to abnormal descending motion over this region. Correspondingly, abnormal divergence occurs in the lower troposphere while convergence occurs in the upper troposphere, triggering an East Asia–Pacific/Pacific–Japan（EAP/PJ）-like anomalous wave train that propagates northeastward and leads to a significant positive precipitation anomaly from the Yangtze River valley in China to the islands of Japan. This EAP/PJ-like wave pattern becomes even clearer after the removal of the ENSO signal and the combined effects of ENSO and IOD, suggesting that convective anomalies over the KMC have an important impact on EASM anomalies. The above results provide important clues for the prediction of EASM anomalies and associated summer precipitation anomalies in China.

关键词： Maritime Continent convective activity ENSO Indian Ocean Dipole （IOD） East Asian summer monsoon （EASM）

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Synthesis and Reactivity of Trifluoromethylthiophosphonium Salts

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2023年第21期41卷 2779-2787页

作者： Wen-qi Xu Xiu-Hua xu Feng-Ling qing Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academyof Sciences345 LinglingLuShanghai 200032China

This article described an unprecedented synthesis of trifluoromethylthiophosphonium salts from allyl trifluoromethyl sulfoxide and phosphines in the presence of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate(TMSOTf)through Mislow-Evans-type rearrangement.The resulting trifluoromethylthiophosphonium salts were firstly isolated and fully characterized.These fluoroalkylphosphonium salts,as exemplified by trifluoromethylthio triphenylphosphonium salt(6a),exhibited unique and versatile reaction with nucleophiles and deoxygenative trifluoromethylthiolation reaction of carboxylic acids.Furthermore,the photoredox catalytic tunable radical hydrotrifluoromethylation and hydrotrifluoromethythiolation of unactivated alkenes with 6a was successfully.

关键词： Phosphonium salts Fluorine Rearrangement Trifluoromethylthiolation Synthetic methods

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ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLICIT-EXPLICIT ULTRA-WEAK DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN METHOD FOR CONVECTION-DIFFUSION PROBLEMS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2024年第1期42卷 1-23页

作者： Haijin Wang Anping xu qi Tao School of Science Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing 100193China

In this paper,we first present the optimal error estimates of the semi-discrete ultra-weak discontinuous Galerkin method for solving one-dimensional linear convection-diffusion equations.Then,coupling with a kind of Runge-Kutta type implicit-explicit time discretization which treats the convection term explicitly and the diffusion term implicitly,we analyze the stability and error estimates of the corresponding fully discrete schemes.The fully discrete schemes are proved to be stable if the time-stepτ≤τ0,whereτ0 is a constant independent of the mesh-size h.Furthermore,by the aid of a special projection and a careful estimate for the convection term,the optimal error estimate is also obtained for the third order fully discrete scheme.Numerical experiments are displayed to verify the theoretical results.

关键词： The ultra-weak discontinuous Galerkin method Convection-diffusion Implicitexplicit time discretization Stability Error estimate

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MILP-Based Linear Attacks on Round-Reduced GIFT

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2022年第1期31卷 89-98页

作者： CUI Yaxin xu Hong qi Wenfeng Information Engineering University

GIFT is a lightweight block cipher with an substitution-per mutation-net work（SP N） structure proposed in CHES 2017.It has two different versions whose block sizes are 64 and 128 respectively.In RSA 2019,Zhu et al.found some differential characteristics of GIFT with mixed integer linear programming（MILP） method and presented corresponding differential attacks.In this paper,we further find some linear characteristics with MILP method.For GIFT-64,we find two 11-round linear characteristics with correlation 2;,and use one of them to present a 16-round linear attack on GIFT-64 by adding4 rounds before and one round after the linear characteristic.For GIFT-128,we find a 16-round linear characteristic with correlation 2;.As far as we know,it is the longest linear characteristic found for GIFT-128.Using the 16-round linear characteristic,we present a 20-round linear attack on GIFT-128 by adding 2 rounds before and2 rounds after the linear characteristic.

关键词： Lightweight block cipher GIFT MILP method Linear attack

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A Line Complex-Based Evolutionary Algorithm for Many-Objective Optimization

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2023年第5期10卷 1150-1167页

作者： Liang Zhang qi Kang qi Deng Luyuan xu qidi Wu the Department of Control Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804 the Jiangsu Province Support Software Engineering R&D Center for Modern Information Technology Application in Enterprise Suzhou 215104China the Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

In solving many-objective optimization problems(MaO Ps),existing nondominated sorting-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithms suffer from the fast loss of selection pressure.Most candidate solutions become nondominated during the evolutionary process,thus leading to the failure of producing offspring toward Pareto-optimal front with diversity.Can we find a more effective way to select nondominated solutions and resolve this issue?To answer this critical question,this work proposes to evolve solutions through line complex rather than solution points in Euclidean space.First,Plücker coordinates are used to project solution points to line complex composed of position vectors and momentum ones.Besides position vectors of the solution points,momentum vectors are used to extend the comparability of nondominated solutions and enhance selection pressure.Then,a new distance function designed for high-dimensional space is proposed to replace Euclidean distance as a more effective distancebased estimator.Based on them,a novel many-objective evolutionary algorithm(MaOEA)is proposed by integrating a line complex-based environmental selection strategy into the NSGAⅢframework.The proposed algorithm is compared with the state of the art on widely used benchmark problems with up to 15 objectives.Experimental results demonstrate its superior competitiveness in solving MaOPs.

关键词： Environmental selection line complex many-objective optimization problems(MaOPs) Plücker coordinate

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