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Older age, longer procedures and tandem endoscopic-ultrasound as risk factors for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography bacteremia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第41期26卷 6402-6413页

作者： Liat Deutsch Shay Matalon Adam phillips Moshe Leshno Oren Shibolet Erwin Santo The Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 6997801Israel Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel Aviv 6423906Israel Department of Gastroenterology Assaf Harofe Medical CenterZeriffin 70300Israel Faculty of Management Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 6997801Israel

BACKGROUND Clinically significant post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) bacteremia(PEB) occurs in up to 5% of cases, while antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended only when an ERCP is unlikely to achieve complete biliary drainage. However, the current recommendations may not cover all potential risk factors for *** To identify novel risk factors for PEB and evaluate appropriateness of antibiotic *** A retrospective study of 1082 ERCP procedures performed between January 2012-December 2013 in a single tertiary medical center. Data collection included: Demographic and clinical characteristics such as pre and post procedure antibiotic treatment and bacterial blood cultures. Exclusion criteria were:(1) Age < 18 years;(2) Positive bacterial blood culture before ERCP;(3) Scheduled antibiotic treatment prior to ERCP;(4) Hospitalization longer than 14 d before ERCP;and(5) missing critical data. Stepwise Logistic Regression analysis and Decision Tree algorithms were used for prediction modeling of *** A total of 626 ERCPs performed in 434 patients were included. Mean age 66.49 ± 15.4 years and 46.5% were males. PEB prevalence was 3.7%. Antibiotic prophylaxis was administrated in 139/626(22.2%) cases but was indicated according to the guidelines only in 44/626(7%) cases. In all the PEB cases, prophylaxis was deemed not indicated. A stepwise logistic regression [receiver operating characteristic(ROC), 0.766], identified 3 variables as independent risk factors for PEB: Age at ERCP ≥ 75 years(OR, 3.780, 95%CI: 1.519-9.408, P = 0.004);Tandem EUS/ERCP with fine needle aspiration(FNA)(OR, 14.528, 95%CI: 3.571-59.095, P < 0.001);ERCP duration longer than 60 min(OR, 5.396, 95%CI: 1.86-15.656, P = 0.002). In a decision tree model(ROC, 0.778) the probability for PEB without any risk factors was 1% regardless of prophylaxis *** The prevalence of PEB in our study is similar to previous reports, despite the fact that anti

关键词： Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Bacteremia Tandem-procedures Fine needle aspiration Antibiotic prophylaxis Biliary drainage

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Relationship between negative emotions and perceived support among parents of hospitalized,critically ill children

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2021年第1期8卷 15-21,I0001页

作者： Brad E.phillips Laurie A.Theeke Katie M.Sarosi West Virginia University School of Nursing MorgantownWVUnited States

Objectives:The purpose of this study was to describe relationships between negative emotions and perceived emotional support in parents of children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit(PICU).Methods:This cross-sectional descriptive study conducted face-to-face interviews between January 2019 and January *** variables included depression(PHQ-9 Scale),anxiety(Emotional Distress-Anxiety-Short Form 8a),anger(Emotional Distress-Anger-Short Form 5a),fear(Fear-Affect Computerized Adaptive Test),somatic fear(Fear-Somatic Arousal-Fixed Form),loneliness(Revised 20-item UCLA Loneliness Scale),and perceived emotional support(Emotional Support-Fixed Form).Results:Eighty parents reported symptoms of depression 8.00(4.00,13.75),anxiety(23.43±7.80),anger(13.40±5.46),fear(72.81±27.26),somatic fear 9.00(6.00,12.75),loneliness(39.35±12.00),and low perceived emotional support(32.14±8.06).Parents who were young,single,low-income,and with limited-post secondary education reported greater loneliness and lower perceived emotional *** correlated with depression(r=0.737,P<0.01)and anxiety(r=0.900,P<0.01).Inverse relationships were discovered between perceived emotional support and loneliness(r=-0.767,P<0.01),anger(r=-0.401,P<0.01),and depression(r=-0.334,P<0.01).Conclusions:The cluster of negative emotions identified will serve as potential targets for future interventions designed to enhance support for parents of critically ill children.

关键词： Child Critical illness Emotional support Negative emotions Parents Psychological state

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Placing old wine into new bottles:successful repurposing of bumetanide for treatment of autism spectrum disorder

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Science Bulletin 2021年第15期66卷 1491-1492,M0003页

作者： Anthony G.phillips Department of Psychiatry Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T 1Z4Canada

At a time of unprecedented need and despite significant advances in understanding brain function and related diseases,the drug pipeline for treatment of mental ill-health is failing[1,2].The reasons are many,including the unparalleled complexity of the central nervous system(CNS)itself,a lack of interdisciplinary research collaborations,increased drug development costs,and higher risk of clinical failure of CNS drugs compared with other areas of drug development[3–6].It is now widely recognized that individual dimensions of mental ill health arise from altered neural processes within specific brain circuits that may be shared across diagnostic categories[7,8].The inclusion of cognitive and social processes is particularly appropriate because cognitive dysfunction is of paramount importance to the understanding and treatment of many psychiatric disorders[9].This issue is further compounded by the lack of adequate medication to reverse cognitive and social *** respect to neurodevelopmental disorders that give rise to early onset of a spectrum of symptoms related to schizophrenia,attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,autism spectrum disorders(ASD)to name but a few,the need to discover effective treatment options is particularly urgent.

关键词：自闭症 drugs treatment

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Town-scale microbial sewer community and H2S emissions response to common chemical and biological dosing treatments

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第1期32卷 133-148页

作者： Elizabeth R.Mathews Jennifer L.Wood Dean phillips Nathan Billington Dean Barnett Ashley E.Franks Department of Physiology Anatomy and MicrobiologyLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia Centre for Future Landscapes La Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia Faculty of Science Engineering and TechnologySwinburne University of TechnologyMelbourneAustralia Western Water SunburyAustralia

Controlling hydrogen sulfide(H2S)odors and emissions using a single,effective treatment across a town-scale sewer network is a challenge faced by many water *** of a sewer diversion provided the opportunity to compare the effectiveness of magnesium hydroxide(Mg(OH)2)and two biological dosing compounds(Bioproducts A and B),with different modes of action(MOA),in a field-test across a large sewer ***(OH)2 increases sewer p H allowing suppression of H2S release into the sewer environment while Bioproduct A acts to disrupt microbial communication through quorum sensing(QS),reducing biofilm *** B reduces H2S odors by scouring the sewer of fats,oils and grease(FOGs),which provide adhesion points for the microbial *** revealed that only Mg(OH)2 altered the microbial community structure and reduced H2S emissions in a live sewer system,whilst Bioproducts A and B did not reduce H2S emissions or have an observable effect on the composition of the microbial community at the dosed *** results recommend in situ testing of dosing treatments before implementation across an operational system.

关键词： Microbially induced concrete corrosion Biological dosing treatments Magnesium hydroxide Hydrogen sulfide Sulfate-reducing bacteria Microbial ecology

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Fluorescence lifetime imaging of molecular rotors to map microviscosity in cells

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Chinese Optics Letters 2010年第10期8卷 926-930页

作者： James A. Levitt Marina K. Kuimova Gokhan Yahioglu Pei-Hua Chung Klaus Suhling David phillips Department of Physics King's College London Department of Chemistry Imperial College London PhotoBiotics Ltd.

Fluorescence liftime imaging （FLIM） of modified hydrophobic bodipy dyes that act as fluorescent molecular rotors shows that the fluorescence lifetime of these probes is a function of the microviscosity of their environment. Incubating cells with these dyes, we find a punctate and continuous distribution of the dye in cells. The viscosity value obtained in what appears to be endocytotic vesicles in living cells is around 100 times higher than that of water and of cellular ***-resolved fluorescence anisotropy measurements also yield rotational correlation times consistent with large microviscosity values. In this way, we successfully develop a practical and versatile approach to map the microviscosity in cells based on imaging fluorescent molecular rotors.

关键词： Fluorescence lifetime imaging of molecular rotors to map microviscosity in cells

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Adjusting to climate:Acclimation,adaptation and developmental plasticity in physiological traits of a tropical rainforest lizard

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第4期13卷 411-427页

作者： John LLEWELYN Stewart L.MACDONALD Craig MORITZ Felipe MARTINS AmberleeHATCHER Ben L.phillips Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and Climate Change James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia CSIRO Land and Water TownsvilleQueenslandAustralia Centre for Biodiversity Analysis Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia School of BioSciences University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia

The impact of climate change may be felt most keenly by tropical *** these taxa,it is argued,thermal specialization means a given shift in temperature will have a larger effect on *** species with limited dispersal ability,the impact of climate change depends on the capacity for their climate-relevant traits to *** shifts can occur through genetic adaptation,various forms of plasticity,or a combination of these *** we assess the extent and causes of shifts in 7 physiological traits in a tropical lizard,the rainforest sunskink(Lampropholis coggeri).Two populations were sampled that differ from each other in both climate and physiological *** compared trait values in each animal soon after field collection versus following acclimation to laboratory *** also compared trait values between populations in:(i)recently field-collected animals;(ii)the same animals following laboratory acclimation;and(iii)the laboratory-reared offspring of these *** results reveal high trait lability,driven primarily by acclimation and local *** contrast,developmental plasticity,resulting from incubation temperature,had little to no effect on most *** results suggest that,while specialized,tropical ectotherms may be capable of rapid shifts in climate-relevant traits.

关键词： acclimation adaptation climate change ectotherm reptile

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活性细胞骨架网络中的力传播

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医用生物力学 2024年第S1期 401-401页

作者：屈子杰刘世琛 Rosalind Wenshan Pan Heun Jin Lee Shahriar Shadkhoo Fan Yang David Larios 李春赫 Rob phillips Matt Thomson 上海交通大学密西根学院美国加州理工学院

在生物系统中,由驱动蛋白和丝蛋白构成的消耗能量的活性网络可以产生驱动力并作用于多种生物过程,包括细胞运动、形状变化和复制等。这种活性网络的功能不可或缺,然而,分子尺度蛋白的相互作用如何能够使力在微米尺度上进行组织和传递仍...

在生物系统中,由驱动蛋白和丝蛋白构成的消耗能量的活性网络可以产生驱动力并作用于多种生物过程,包括细胞运动、形状变化和复制等。这种活性网络的功能不可或缺,然而,分子尺度蛋白的相互作用如何能够使力在微米尺度上进行组织和传递仍然难以捉摸。本研究证明了微管的捆绑(增长)可以使活性物质系统在“全局力传递”相和“局部力耗散”相间相互转化。平均微管长度增加5倍会导致局部相到全局相的转变。转变后,力传播的长度尺度增加100倍并且力的大小增加了20倍。全局相下活性物质系统可产生(10 p N)力场,使包括细胞运输和液滴运动等应用成为可能。通过理论和模拟证明,即使存在少数长微管也可以诱导局部和全局相之间的逾渗转变,为细胞中的力传递提供调节机制。本研究结果揭示了细胞中力传导机制,并使活性材料应用于合成生物学和软机器人成为可能。

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Arabidopsis thaliana T-DNA Mutants Implicate GAUT Genes in the Biosynthesis of Pectin and Xylan in Cell Walls and Seed Testa

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Molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 1000-1014页

作者： Kerry H. Caffall Sivakumar Pattathil Sarah E. phillips Michael G. Hahn Debra Mohnen Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA Complex Carbohydrate Research Center BioEnergy Science Center 315 Riverbend Road University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA Department of Plant Biology University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

Galacturonosyltransferase 1 （GAUT1） is an α1,4-D-galacturonosyltransferase that transfers galacturonic acid from uridine 5＇-diphosphogalacturonic acid onto the pectic polysaccharide homogalacturonan （Sterling et al., 2006）. The 25-member Arabidopsis thaliana GAUT1-related gene family encodes 15 GAUT and 10 GAUT-like （GATL） proteins with, respectively, 56-84 and 42-53% amino acid sequence similarity to GAUT1. Previous phylogenetic analyses of AtGAUTs indicated three clades： A through C. A comparative phylogenetic analysis of the Arabidopsis, poplar and rice GAUT families has sub-classified the GAUTs into seven clades： clade A-1 （GAUTs 1 to 3）; A-2 （GAUT4）; A-3 （GAUTs 5 and 6）; A-4 （GAUT7）; B-1 （GAUTs 8 and 9）; B-2 （GAUTs 10 and 11）; and clade C （GAUTs 12 to 15）. The Arabidopsis GAUTs have a distribution comparable to the poplar orthologs, with the exception of GAUT2, which is absent in poplar. Rice, however, has no orthologs of GAUTs 2 and 12 and has multiple apparent orthologs of GAUTs 1, 4, and 7 compared with eitherArabidopsis or poplar. The cell wall glycosyl residue compositions of 26 homozygous T-DNA insertion mutants for 13 of 15 Arabidopsis GAUTgenes reveal significantly and reproducibly different cell walls in specific tissues of gaut mutants 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 from that of wild-type Arabidopsis walls. Pectin and xylan polysaccharides are affected by the loss of GAUT function, as demonstrated by the altered galacturonic acid, xylose, rhamnose, galactose, and arabinose composition of distinct gaut mutant walls. The wall glycosyl residue compositional phenotypes observed among the gaut mutants suggest that at least six different biosynthetic linkages in pectins and/or xylans are affected by the lesions in these GAUTgenes. Evidence is also presented to support a role for GAUT11 in seed mucilage expansion and in seed wall and mucilage composition.

关键词： Carbohydrate metabolism cell walls Arabidopsis biosynthesis mutant pectin mucilage

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Progress in TILLING as a tool for functional genomics and improvement of crops

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第5期56卷 425-443页

作者： Liang Chen Liugen Hao Martin A. J. Parry Andrew L. phillips Yin-Gang Hu State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy Northwest A&F University Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science Rothamsted Research Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China Northwest A&F University

Food security is a global concern and substantial yield increases in crops are required to feed the growing world population. Mutagenesis is an important tool in crop improvement and is free of the regulatory restrictions imposed on genetically modified organisms. Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes（TILLING）, which combines traditional chemical mutagenesis with high‐throughput genome‐wide screening for point mutations in desired genes, offers a powerful way to create novel mutant alleles for both functional genomics and improvement of crops. TILLING is generally applicable to genomes whether small or large, diploid or evenallohexaploid, and shows great potential to address the major challenge of linking sequence information to the function of genes and to modulate key traits for plant breeding. TILLING has been successfully applied in many crop species and recent progress in TILLING is summarized below, especially on the developments in mutation detection technology, application of TILLING in gene functional studies and crop breeding. The potential of TILLING/EcoTILLING for functional genetics and crop improvement is also discussed. Furthermore, a small‐scale forward strategy including backcross and selfing was conducted to release the potential mutant phenotypes masked in M2（or M3） plants.

关键词： Crop breeding functional genomics mutation detection TILLING

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Osteopontin increases hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth in a CD44 dependant manner

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第26期18卷 3389-3399页

作者： Renee J phillips Karla J Helbig Kylie H Van der Hoek Devanshi Seth Michael R Beard School of Molecular and Biomedical Science The University of Adelaide5000 AdelaideAustralia Centre for Cancer Biology SA Pathology 5000 AdelaideAustralia Drug Health Services Royal Prince Alfred Hospital2050 CamperdownAustralia

AIM:To investigate the role of osteopontin(OPN) and its splice variants in the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:The expression of OPN variants in HCC cell lines as well as HCC tissue samples and nontumour tissue was studied using polymerase chain *** variant cDNAs were cloned into a mammalian expression vector allowing both transient expression and the production of stable OPN expressing cell *** expression was studied in these cells using Western blotting,immunofluoresnce and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.A CD44 blocking antibody and siRNA targeting of CD44 were used to examine the role of this receptor in the OPN stimulated cell growth observed in ***-7 cells stably expressing either OPN-A,-B or-C were injected subcutaneously into the flanks of nude mice to observe in vivo tumour *** of OPN mRNA and protein in these tumours was examined using reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction and ***:OPN is expressed in HCC in 3 forms,the full length OPN-A and 2 splice variants OPN-B *** variant expression was noted in HCC tissue as well as cognate surrounding cirrhotic liver *** of these OPN variants in the HCC derived cell line Huh-7 resulted in secretion of OPN into the culture *** of OPN conditioned media to na ve Huh-7 and HepG2 cells resulted in significant cell growth suggesting that all OPN variants can modulate cell proliferation in a paracrine *** the OPN mediated increase in cellular proliferation was dependent on CD44 as only CD44 positive cell lines responded to OPN conditioned media while siRNA knockdown of CD44 blocked the proliferative *** expression also increased the proliferation of Huh-7 cells in a subcutaneous nude mouse tumour model,with Huh-7 cells expressing OPN-A showing the greatest proliferative ***:This study demonstrates that OPN plays a significant role in the proliferation of HCC thro

关键词： Osteopontin Hepatocellular carcinoma CD44 antigen Nude mice Xenograft

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