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Attribution of explanatory factors for change in soil organic carbon density in the native grasslands of Inner Mongolia,China

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journal of Arid Land 2018年第3期10卷 375-387页

作者： jIN Dongyan phil j murray XIN Xiaoping QIN Yifei CHEN Baorui QING Gele ZHANG Zhao YAN Ruirui Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Department of Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems Rothamsted Research North Wyke Department of Grassland Ecology and Animal Husbandry Xilingol Vocational College

The variation in soil organic carbon density（SOCD） has been widely documented at various spatial and temporal scales. However, an accurate method for examining the attribution of explanatory factors for change in SOCD is still lacking. This study aims to attribute and quantify the key climatic factors, anthropogenic activities, and soil properties associated with SOCD change in the native grasslands of Inner Mongolia, China, by comparing data between the 1960s and the 2010s. In 2007 and 2011, we resampled 142 soil profiles which were originally sampled during 1963–1964 in the native grasslands of Inner Mongolia. SOCD was determined in A horizon（eluvial horizon） of the soil. We selected the explanatory factors based on a random forest method, and explored the relationships between SOCD change and each of the explanatory factors using a linear mixed model. Our results indicated that the change in SOCD varied from the east to the west of Inner Mongolia, and SOCD was 18% lower in the 2010s than in the 1960s. The lower SOCD in the 2010s may primarily be attributed to the increasing in mean annual water surface evaporation, which explained approximately 10% and 50% of the total variation and explainable variation in the change in SOCD, respectively. The sand content of the soil is also a significant explanatory factor for the decrease in SOCD, which explained about 4% and 21% of the total variation and explainable variation in the change in SOCD, respectively. Furthermore, the collection of quantitative information on grazing frequency and duration may also help to improve our understanding of the anthropogenic factors that govern the change in SOCD.

关键词： soil organic carbon climate change soil texture mixed linear model effect isolation native grasslands

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Management of monogenic diabetes in pregnancy:A narrative review

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World journal of Diabetes 2024年第1期15卷 15-23页

作者： Mohammad Sadiq jeeyavudeen Sarah R murray Mark W j Strachan Metabolic Unit Western General HospitalEdinburgh EH42XUUnited Kingdom MRC Centre for Reproductive Health University of Edinburgh Queen’s Medical Research InstituteEdinburgh EH164TJUnited Kingdom

Pregnancy in women with monogenic diabetes is potentially complex,with significant implications for both maternal and fetal *** these,maturity-onset diabetes of the young(MODY)stands out as a prevalent monogenic diabetes subtype frequently encountered in clinical *** subtype of MODY requires a distinct approach tailored to the pregnancy,diverging from management strategies in non-pregnant *** MODY(GCK-MODY)typically does not require treatment outside of pregnancy,but special considerations arise when a woman with GCK-MODY becomes *** glycemic targets in GCK-MODY pregnancies are not exclusively dictated by the maternal/paternal MODY genotype but are also influenced by the genotype of the developing *** pregnancy,the choice between sulfonylurea or insulin for treating hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha(HNF1A)-MODY and HNF4A-MODY depends on the mother’s specific circumstances and the available *** of other rarer MODY subtypes is individu-alized,with decisions made on a case-by-case ***,a collaborative approach involving expert diabetes and obstetric teams is crucial for the compre-hensive management of MODY pregnancies.

关键词： Diabetes Pregnancy Maturity-onset diabetes of the young Insulin Sulphonylurea Glucokinase Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha,hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-beta,and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha

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Correlation of MRI-determined small bowel Crohn’s disease categories with medical response and surgical pathology

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第27期15卷 3367-3375页

作者： Ian Craig Lawrance Christopher j Welman Peter Shipman Kevin murray School of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Western AustraliaFremantle Hospital WA 6160 Australia Department of Gastroenterology Fremantle Hospital WA 6160 Australia Department of Radiology Fremantle Hospital WA 6160 Australia Statistical Consulting Group School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Western AustraliaWA 6160 Australia

AIM: To determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to categorize small bowel Crohn's disease (SB CD) into groups that correlate with response to medical therapy and surgical ***: Data was collected from all patients with MRI evidence of SB CD without significant colonic disease over a 32-mo period. Two radiologists, blinded to clinical findings, evaluated each MRI and grouped them based on bowel wall thickness and wall enhancement. These categories were: (1) "fibrosis", (2) "mild segmental hyper-enhancement and mild wall thickening", (3) "mild segmental hyper-enhancement and marked wall thickening", (4) "marked segmental transmural hyper-enhancement". Patient response to additional medical therapy post-MRI was prospectively determined at 8-wk. Non-responders underwent endoscopy and were offered therapeutic endoscopy or surgery. Surgical pathology was assessed against the MRI category. RESULTS: Fifty-five patients were included. Females and category "2" patients were more likely, and patients with luminal narrowing and hold-up less likely, to respond to medical therapy (P < 0.05). Seventeen patients underwent surgery. The surgical pathologicalfindings of fibrosis and the severity of inflammation correlated with the MRI category in all ***: Our fi ndings suggest that SB CD can be grouped by the MRI f indings and that these groups are associated with patients more likely to respond to continued medical therapy. The MRI categories also correlated with the presence and level of intestinal inflammation and fibrosis on surgical pathology, and may be of prognostic use in the management of CD patients.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging Crohn's disease Fibrosis Prognosis Pathology

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Small bowel MRI enteroclysis or follow through:Which is optimal?

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第42期15卷 5300-5306页

作者： Ian C Lawrance Christopher j Welman Peter Shipman Kevin murray School of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Western AustraliaFremantle HospitalWA 6160Australia Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Fremantle HospitalWA 6160Australia Department of Radiology Fremantle HospitalWA 6160Australia Statistical Consulting Group School of Mathe-matics and StatisticsUniversity of Western AustraliaWA 6009Australia

AIM： TO determine if a nasojejunal tube （NjT） is required for optimal examination of enteroclysis and if patients can be examined only in the supine position. METHODS： Data were collected from all patients undergoing small bowel （SB） magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） examination over a 32-mo period. Patients either underwent a magnetic resonance （MR） follow-through （MRFT） or a MR enteroclysis （MRE） in the supine position. The quality of proximal and distal SB distension as well as the presence of motion artefact and image quality were assessed by 2 radiologists. RESULTS： One hundred and fourteen MR studies were undertaken （MRFT-49, MRE-65） in 108 patients in the supine position only. Image artefact was more frequent in MRE than in MRFT （29.2% vs 18.4%）, but was not statistically significant （P = 0.30）. Adequate distension of the distal SB was obtained in 97.8% of MRFT examinations and in 95.4% of MRE examinations, respectively. Proximal SB distension was, however, less frequently optimal in MRFT than in MRE （P = 0.0036）, particularly in patients over the age of 50 years （P = 0.0099）. Image quality was good in all examinations. CONCLUSION： All patients could be successfully iraaged in the supine position. MRE and MRFT are equivalent for distal SB distension and artefact effects. Proximal SB distension is frequently less optimal in MRFT than in MRE. MRE is, therefore, the preferred MR examination method of the SB.

关键词： Magnetic resonance enteroclysis Magnetic resonance enterography Magnetic resonance follow through Artefact

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Ocular therapies for neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses: more than meets the eye

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第8期17卷 1755-1756页

作者： Samantha j.murray Nadia L.Mitchell Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences Lincoln UniversityLincolnNew Zealand

The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses(NCLs),also known as Batten disease,are a group of inherited,neurodegenerative,lysosomal storage diseases typically manifesting in *** are currently 13 known forms of NCL resulting from various mutations in the CLN(ceroid lipofuscinoses neuronal)genes(CLN1-8 and CLN10-14).Although varying in onset and severity,the NCLs share several phenotypic features including seizures,motor dysfunction,cognitive decline,and progressive loss of vision(Mole et al.,2011).Current treatment strategies being investigated in pre-clinical studies and early stage clinical trials primarily target the brain and spinal *** these potential therapeutics show promise in attenuating neurological disease,protection against retinal dysfunction and degeneration is generally ineffective or not reported.

关键词： degeneration primarily typically

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An Unusual, Three-Dimensionally Preserved, Large Hadrosauriform Pes Track from "Mid"-Cretaceous jiaguan Formation of Chongqing, China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2012年第2期86卷 304-312页

作者： XING Lida phil R.BELL jeraldD.HARRIS philip j.CURRIE Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta11455 Saskatchewan DriveEdmontonAlberta T6G 2E9Canada Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates Chinese Academy of SciencesPO Box 643100044 BeijingChina Pipestone Creek Dinosaur Initiative ClairmontAlberta TOH OWOCanada. Physical Sciences Department Dixie State College225 South 700 EastSt.GeorgeUtah 84770USA

Three-dimensional tracks provide unique insights into the locomotor mechanics of their track makers. An isolated, large hadrosauriform print attributable to Caririchnium lotus from the ＂mid＂-Cretaceous Lotus track site （jiaguan Formation） in China permits reconstruction of the footfall, weight-bearing, and kick-off phases of the step cycle. Large-scale modifications of the pes during the step cycle indicate C. lotus trackmakers were capable of locomotory modifications in response to substrate consistency beyond the ＂expected＂ shift between bipedal and quadrupedal postures. An unusual curvature to the trace of one of the outer digits indicates substantial transverse mobility. The remaining digits demonstrate lesser degrees of transverse movement accompanied by extension of the digits during footfall. The absence of overprinted scale-scratch marks and toe drags are consistent with a vertical kick-off of the pes and concomitant flexion of the digits. This track suggests that pedal mobility in C. lotus track makers was greater than previously suspected and has implications for reconstructions of hadrosauriform locomotion.

关键词： hadrosauriform locomotion footprints Cretaceous step cycle

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Impact of source tissue and ex vivo expansion on the characterization of goat mesenchymal stem cells

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第2期6卷 230-251页

作者： Nuradilla Mohamad-Fauzi Pablo j Ross Elizabeth A Maga james D murray Department of Animal Science University of California Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences University of Malaya Department of Population Health and Reproduction University of California

Background： There is considerable interest in using goats as models for genetically engineering dairy animals and also for using stem cells as therapeutics for bone and cartilage repair. Mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） have been isolated and characterized from various species, but are poorly characterized in goats. Results： Goat MSCs isolated from bone marrow （BM-MSCs） and adipose tissue （ASCs） have the ability to undergo osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. Cytochemical staining and gene expression analysis show that ASCs have a greater capacity for adipogenic differentiation compared to BM-MSCs and fibroblasts. Different methods of inducing adipogenesis also affect the extent and profile of adipogenic differentiation in MSCs. Goat fibroblasts were not capable of osteogenesis, hence distinguishing them from the MSCs. Goat MSCs and fibroblasts express CD90, CD105, CD73 but not CD45, and exhibit cytoplasmic localization of OCT4 protein. Goat MSCs can be stably transfected by Nucleofection, but, as evidenced by colony-forming efficiency （CFE）, yield significantly different levels of progenitor cells that are robust enough to proliferate into colonies of integrants following G418 selection. BM-MSCs expanded over increasing passages in vitro maintained karyotypic stability up to 20 passages in culture, exhibited an increase in adipogenic differentiation and CFE, but showed altered morphology and amenability to genetic modification by selection. Conclusions： Our findings provide characterization information on goat MSCs, and show that there can be significant differences between MSCs isolated from different tissues and from within the same tissue. Fibroblasts do not exhibit trilineage differentiation potential at the same capacity as MSCs, making it a more reliable method for distinguishing MSCs from fibroblasts, compared to cell surface marker expression.

关键词： Adipose Bone marrow Characterization Differentiation Goat Mesenchymal stem cells

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Psychosocial factors and their association with reflux oesophagitis,Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第11期19卷 1770-1777页

作者： Paul Denver Michael Donnelly Liam j murray Lesley A Anderson Centre for Public Health Queen's University BelfastBelfast BT12 6BJNorthern IrelandUnited Kingdom

AIM:To investigate the role of psychological characteristics as risk factors for oesophageal adenocarcinoma(OAC),as well as the reflux-mediated precursor ***:An all-Ireland population-based case-control study recruited 230 reflux oesophagitis(RO),224 Barrett's oesophagus(BO) and 227 OAC patients and 260 *** case/control group completed measures of stress,depression,self-efficacy,self-esteem,repression and social support.A comparative analysis was undertaken using polytomous logistic regression adjusted for potential ***:Compared to controls,OAC patients were almost half as likely to report high stress levels over their lifetime(P = 0.010,OR 0.51;95%CI:0.29-0.90)and 36% less likely to report having experienced depression(OR 0.64;95%CI:0.42-0.98).RO patients reported significantly higher stress than controls particularly during middle-and senior-years(P for trends < 0.001).RO patients were 37% less likely to report having been highly emotionally repressed(OR 0.63;95%CI:0.41-0.95).All case groups(OAC,RO and BO) were more likely than controls to report having had substantial amounts of social support(OR 2.84;95%CI:1.63-4.97;OR 1.97;95%CI:1.13-3.44 and OR 1.83;95%CI:1.03-3.24,respectively).CONCLUSION:The improved psychological profile of OAC patients may be explained by response *** role of psychological factors in the development of OAC requires further investigation.

关键词： Reflux oesophagitis Barrett’s oesophagus Oesophageal adenocarcinoma Adjustment Psychological Psychosocial factors

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Agglomerate behavior in a recirculating fluidized bed with sheds： Effect of ring baffles

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Particuology 2018年第3期16卷 143-151页

作者： Francisco j. Sanchez Careaga Cedric Briens Franco Berruti jennifer McMillan murray Gray Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources Western University 22312 Wonderland Rd. Hderton ON NO M2AO Canada Edmonton Research Centre Syncrude Canada Ltd 9421 17th Ave Edmonton AB T6N 1H4 Canada The Petroleum Institute PO Box 2533 Abu Dhabi UAE

The radioactive particle tracking technique was used to study the effect of internal ring baffles on wet agglomerate motion inside a cold flow recirculating fluidized bed. The study found that using such a baffle on its own or above the regular sheds helps reduce the fouling of the stripper section by increasing the residence time that the agglomerates spend above the baffle, thereby reducing the release of the vapors below the baffles that cause fouling of the sheds. Adding down-comers, or flux tubes, to the ring baffles degrades the performance of the baffles, Reducing the length of the flux tubes, so that they do not reach the bottom of the baffle lip results in a further degradation in baffle performance.

关键词： Radioactive particle tracking Fluidized bed Fluid coker Baffles

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Comparative Transcriptomic Profiling of Vitis vinifera Under High Light Using a Custom-Made Array and the Affymetrix GeneChip

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Molecular Plant 2011年第6期4卷 1038-1051页

作者： Luisa C. Carvalho Belmiro j. Vilela phil M. Mullineaux Sara Amancio CBAA Instituto Superior de Agronomia Universidade Tecnica de Lisboa Tapada da Ajuda 1349-017 Lisboa Portugal DDSB John Innes Centre Colney Norwich NR4 7UH UK Department of Biological Sciences University of Essex Colchester CO4 3SQ UK

Understanding abiotic stress responses is one of the most important issues in plant research nowadays. Abiotic stress, including excess light, can promote the onset of oxidative stress through the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Oxidative stress also arises when in vitro propagated plants are exposed to high light upon transfer to ex vitro. To determine whether the underlying pathways activated at the transfer of in vitro grapevine to ex vitro conditions reflect the processes occurring upon light stress, we used Vitis vinifera Affymetrix GeneChip （VvGA） and a custom array of genes responsive to light stress （LSCA） detected by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR （qRT-PCR）. When gene-expression profiles were compared, ＇protein metabolism and modification＇, ＇signaling＇, and ＇anti-oxidative＂ genes were more represented in LSCA, while, in VvGA, ＇cell wall metabolism＇ and ＇secondary metabolism＇ were the categories in which gene expression varied more significantly. The above functional categories confirm previous studies involving other types of abiotic stresses, enhancing the common attributes of abiotic stress defense pathways. The LSCA analysis of our experimental system detected strong response of heat shock genes, particularly the protein rescuing mechanism involving the cooperation of two ATP-dependent chaperone systems, Hsp100 and Hsp70, which showed an unusually late response during the recovery period, of extreme relevance to remove non-functional, potentially harmful polypeptides arising from misfolding, denaturation, or aggregation brought about by stress. The success of LSCA also proves the feasibility of a custommade qRT-PCR approach, particularly for species for which no GeneChip is available and for researchers dealing with a specific and focused problem.

关键词： Quantitative real-time PCR Vitis vinifera GeneChip light stress Heat Shock Proteins oxidative and photooxidative stress.

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