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Ileal-anal pouches: A review of its history, indications, and complications

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第31期25卷 4320-4342页

作者： Kheng-Seong Ng Simon Joseph Gonsalves peter michael sagar John Goligher Colorectal Unit St.James’s University HospitalLeeds LS9 7TFUnited Kingdom Institute of Academic Surgery University of SydneyCamperdownNew South Wales 2050Australia Department of Colorectal Surgery Huddersfield Royal InfirmaryCalderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation TrustHuddersfield HD3 3EAUnited Kingdom

The ileal pouch anal anastomosis(IPAA)has revolutionised the surgical management of ulcerative colitis(UC)and familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP).Despite refinement in surgical technique(s)and patient selection,IPAA can be associated with significant *** the IPAA celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2018,this review provides a timely outline of its history,indications,and *** has undergone significant modification since *** both UC and FAP,IPAA surgery aims to definitively cure disease and prevent malignant degeneration,while providing adequate continence and avoiding a permanent *** majority of patients experience long-term success,but“early”and“late”complications are *** sepsis is a common early complication with far-reaching consequences of long-term pouch dysfunction,but prompt intervention(either radiological or surgical)reduces the risk of pouch *** in the absence of sepsis,pouch dysfunction is a longterm complication that may have a myriad of *** is a common cause that remains incompletely understood and difficult to manage at times.10%of patients succumb to the diagnosis of pouch failure,which is traditionally associated with the need for pouch *** review provides a timely outline of the history,indications,and complications associated with *** selection remains key,and contraindications exist for this surgery.A structured management plan is vital to the successful management of complications following pouch surgery.

关键词： Ileal pouch Restorative proctocolectomy Ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease Familial adenomatous polyposis

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Advances in surgical management for locally recurrent rectal cancer: How far have we come?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第23期23卷 4170-4180页

作者： Daniel Jin-Keat Lee peter M sagar Gaitri Sadadcharam Kok-Yang Tan Department of Surgery Khoo Teck Puat Hospital John Goligher Colorectal Surgery Unit St James’s University Hospital

Locally recurrent rectal cancer(LRRC) is a complex disease with far-reaching implications for the patient. Until recently, research was limited regarding surgical techniques that can increase the ability to perform an en bloc resection with negative margins. This has changed in recent years and therefore outcomes for these patients have improved. Novel radical techniques and adjuncts allow for more radical resections thereby improving the chance of negative resection margins and outcomes. In the past contraindications to surgery included anterior involvement of the pubic bone, sacral invasions above the level of S2/S3 and lateral pelvic wall involvement. However, current data suggests that previously unresectable cases may now be feasible with novel techniques, surgical approaches and reconstructive surgery. The publications to date have only reported small patient pools with the research conducted by highly specialised units. Moreover, the short and long-term oncological outcomes are currently under review. Therefore although surgical options for LRRC have expanded significantly, one should balance the treatment choices available against the morbidity associated with the procedure and select the right patient for it.

关键词： Recurrent rectal cancer Sacrectomy Pelvic exenteration Pelvic sidewall Radical resection

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The biological clock: future of neurological disorders therapy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第3期13卷 567-568页

作者： sagar Gaikwad Institute of Life Sciences NALCO Square

Dear editors, The seminal, discoveries by Jeffrey Connor Hall, michael Rosbash and michael Warren Young have earned the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine 2017 for revealing a crucial physiological mechanism explaining biological clock, with important implications for human health and diseases. The work explains the interplay between the biological clock, the transcriptional feedback loop, and neuroscience, where they identified genes and proteins that work together both in humans and other animals. This article describes the link between biological clock disruption and consequent neurodegeneration and also highlights the significance of biological clock modulators for possible clinical interventions in neurological disorders.

关键词： The biological clock future of neurological disorders therapy

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Mechanisms of triglyceride metabolism in patients with bile acid diarrhea

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第30期22卷 6757-6763页

作者： Nidhi Midhu sagar michael McFarlane Chuka Nwokolo Karna Dev Bardhan Ramesh Pulendran Arasaradnam School of Medicine University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL United Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire Coventry CV2 2DX United Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology Rotherham General Hospital NHS Trust Rotherham S60 2UD United Kingdom Clinical Sciences Research Institute University of Warwick Coventry CV2 2DX United Kingdom

Bile acids(BAs) are essential for the absorption of lipids. BA synthesis is inhibited through intestinal farnesoid X receptor(FXR) activity. BA sequestration is known to influence BA metabolism and control serum lipid concentrations. Animal data has demonstrated a regulatory role for the FXR in triglyceride metabolism. FXR inhibits hepatic lipogenesis by inhibiting the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c via small heterodimer primer activity. Conversely, FXR promotes free fatty acids oxidation by inducing the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. FXR can reduce the expression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, which regulates the assembly of very low-density lipoproteins(VLDL). FXR activation in turn promotes the clearance of circulating triglycerides by inducing apolipoprotein C-Ⅱ, very low-density lipoproteins receptor(VLDL-R) and the expression of Syndecan-1 together with the repression of apolipoprotein C-Ⅲ, which increases lipoprotein lipase activity. There is currently minimal clinical data on triglyceride metabolism in patients with bile acid diarrhoea(BAD). Emerging data suggests that a third of patients with BAD have hypertriglyceridemia. Further research is required to establish the risk of hypertriglyceridaemia in patients with BAD and elicit the mechanisms behind this, allowing for targeted treatment.

关键词： Bile acids Bile acid diarrhea Triglycerides Farnesoid X receptor

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On the experimental characterization of the fluid volume influence on the friction between rough surfaces

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Friction 2023年第7期11卷 1334-1348页

作者： Lukas STAHL michael MÜLLER Georg-peter OSTERMEYER Institute of Dynamics and Vibrations Technische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweig 37106Germany

The load-bearing behaviour of lubricated contacts depends primarily on the normal force,the relative velocity,and the ***,with the aid of the Stribeck curve,it is usually well possible to characterize whether hydrodynamics,mixed friction,or boundary friction is more likely to be *** fact that the load regime can also depend on the fluid quantity is obvious,but has hardly been systematically investigated so *** for contacts with microscopic roughness,the defined application of a very small amount of fluid is a very challenging *** this paper,a very fundamental study shows how a pin-on-disc tribometer can be used to achieve the transition from dry friction via mixed friction to predominant hydrodynamics by the amount of supplied *** experiments are carried out on samples filed with different *** addition,the simultaneous influence of partial filling and normal force as well as relative velocity is also *** good reproducibility has been practically reached over the entire range of the *** the quantities for the coefficient of friction(COF),it was concluded that close to full filling,a reduction of the fluid quantity has a similar effect on the COF as the reduction of the *** property goes along with the common theory of starved lubricated *** behaviour was not observed to the same extent for the normal *** the vicinity of smaller fluid quantities,the COF increases very rapidly with further reduction in fluid quantity,far more disproportionately than that with reduction in *** a deeper understanding of this problem,various practical issues such as idling or the run-up process in bearings can also be studied in a more focused manner.

关键词： starved lubrication Stribeck curve pin-on-disc tribometer fluid supply experimental studies

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Regular nicotine intake increased tooth movement velocity,osteoclastogenesis and orthodontically induced dental root resorptions in a rat model

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International Journal of Oral Science 2017年第3期9卷 174-184页

作者： christian kirschneck michael maurer michael wolf claudia reicheneder peter proff department of orthodontics university medical centre of regensburgRegensburgGermany department of oral and maxillofacial surgery university medical centre of regensburgRegensburgGermany department of orthodontics rheinische friedrich wilhelm university of bonnBonnGermany

Orthodontic forces have been reported to significantly increase nicotine-induced periodontal bone loss. At present, however, it is unknown, which further （side） effects can be expected during orthodontic treatment at a nicotine exposure corresponding to that of an average European smoker. 63 male Fischer344 rats were randomized in three consecutive experiments of 21 animals each （A/B/C） to 3 experimental groups （7 rats, 112/3）. （A） cone-beam-computed tomography （CBCT）; （B） histology/serology; （C） reverse- transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （RT-qPCR）/cotinine serology--（1） control; （2） orthodontic tooth movement （OTM） of the first and second upper left molar （NiTi closed coil spring, 0.25 N）; （3） OTM with 1.89 mg-kg- 1 per day s.c. of L（- ）-nicotine. After 14 days of OTM, serum cotinine and IL-6 concentration as well as orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption （OIIRR）, osteoclast activity （histology）, orthodontic tooth movement velocity （CBCT, within 14 and 28 days of OTM） and relative gene expression of known inflammatory and osteoclast markers were quantified in the dental-periodontal tissue （RT-qPCR）. Animals exposed to nicotine showed significantly heightened serum cotinine and IL-6 levels corresponding to those of regular European smokers. Both the extent of root resorption, osteoclast activity, orthodontic tooth movement and gene expression of inflammatory and osteoclast markers were significantly increased compared to controls with and without OTM under the influence of nicotine. We conclude that apart from increased periodontal bone loss, a progression of dental root resorption and accelerated orthodontic tooth movement are to be anticipated during orthodontic therapy, if nicotine consumption is present. Thus patients should be informed about these risks and the necessity of nicotine abstinence during treatment.

关键词： dental research inbred Fischer344 nicotine orthodontics rats root resorption tooth movement

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Fine tuning of the default depth and rate of ablation of the epithelium in customized trans-epithelial one-step superficial refractive excimer laser ablation

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Eye and Vision 2019年第1期6卷 331-337页

作者： michael Goggin peter Stewart Vikija Andersons Giuseppe Criscenti South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia Brisbane Laser Sight Clinic BrisbaneAustralia Ashford Advanced Eye Care AdelaideAustralia iVis Technologies TarantoItaly

Purpose:To fine tune the default depth and rate of ablation of the epithelium in cTen^(TM) customized trans-epithelial one-step superficial refractive surgery by the comparison between the attempted post-operative ideal corneal shape and the achieved corneal ***:88 consecutive eyes in 64 patients undergoing trans-epithelial superficial excimer ablation using the iVis laser Suite for either myopic/astigmatic or hyperopic/astigmatic refractive *** patient had at least 3 months of post-operative *** examination of all eyes was carried out pre-operatively and at least 3 months post-operatively using the Precisio^(TM) surgical *** comparison of these two measurements yielded values for depth,volumes and rates of ablated corneal *** determining the different ablation rates of stroma and epithelium,a refinement of the depth of epithelium to be removed and a refinement of the stromal ablation were *** mathematical model was applied on each one of the 88 clinical cases and the parameters for the fine tuning of the default depth and rate of ablation of the epithelium were determined using the least squares ***:The calculated pure stromal ablation rate was less than the average epithelium/stroma ablation rate used in planning the treatments by a factor of *** epithelial thickness predefined ablation assumption used to plan removal of the epithelium was adjusted considering the measured ablation and a radial adjustment function established for the fine tuning of the laser radial efficiency and allowing for the normal thickening of the epithelium in the peripheral *** a clinical point of view,this methodology produces an improvement of the efficacy and a reduction of the variance of the clinical ***:Comparison of accurately measured pre and postoperative topographies yields accurately established ablation rates of stroma and epithelium in trans-epithelial one step superficial a

关键词： Transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy Epithelial ablation Epithelial thickness refinement Stromal ablation rate refinement

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Draft genome of the Native American cold hardy grapevine Vitis riparia Michx.‘Manitoba 37’

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 1676-1688页

作者： sagar Patel michael Robben Anne Fennell Jason P.Londo Dilmini Alahakoon Roberto Villegas-Diaz Padmapriya Swaminathan Agronomy Horticulture and Plant Science Department and BioSNTRSouth Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSD 57006USA Grape Genetics Research Unit USDA ARSGenevaNY 14456USA

Vitis riparia,a critically important Native American grapevine species,is used globally in rootstock and scion breeding and contributed to the recovery of the French wine industry during the mid-19th century phylloxera *** species has abiotic and biotic stress tolerance and the largest natural geographic distribution of the North American grapevine *** we report an Illumina short-read 369X coverage,draft de novo heterozygous genome sequence of *** Michx.‘Manitoba 37’with the size of~495 Mb for 69,616 scaffolds and a N50 length of 518,740 *** RNAseq data,40,019 coding sequences were predicted and *** with Universal Single-Copy Orthologs(BUSCO)analysis of predicted gene models found 96%of the complete BUSCOs in this *** assembly continuity and completeness were further validated using *** ESTs,BACs,and three de novo transcriptome assemblies of three different *** genotypes resulting in>98%of respective sequences/transcripts mapping with this *** of the *** assembly and predicted CDS with the latest ***‘PN40024’CDS and genome assembly showed 99%CDS alignment and a high degree of *** analysis of plant transcription factors indicates a high degree of homology with the *** transcription *** mapping to ***‘Manitoba 37’and *** PN40024 has identified genetic relationships to phenotypic variation between *** assembly provides reference sequences,gene models for marker development and understanding ***’s genetic contributions in grape breeding and research.

关键词： continuity globally alignment

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First-principles prediction of high-entropy-alloy stability

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npj Computational Materials 2017年第1期3卷 37-43页

作者： Rui Feng peter K.Liaw michael C.Gao michael Widom Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA National Energy Technology Laboratory AECOMP.O.Box 1959AlbanyOR 97321USA Department of Physics Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA 15213USA

High entropy alloys(HEAs)are multicomponent compounds whose high configurational entropy allows them to solidify into a single phase,with a simple crystal lattice *** HEAs exhibit desirable properties,such as high specific strength,ductility,and corrosion resistance,while challenging the scientist to make confident predictions in the face of multiple competing *** demonstrate phase stability in the multicomponent alloy system of Cr-Mo-Nb-V,for which some of its binary subsystems are subject to phase separation and complex intermetallic-phase *** first-principles calculation of free energy predicts that the configurational entropy stabilizes a single body-centered cubic(BCC)phase from T=1700 K up to melting,while precipitation of a complex intermetallic is favored at lower *** form the compound experimentally and confirm that it develops as a single BCC phase from the melt,but that it transforms reversibly at lower temperatures.

关键词： alloy intermetallic corrosion

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Multiple sclerosis drug repurposing for neuroregeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 507-508页

作者： peter Göttle michael Dietrich Patrick Küry Department of Neurology Medical FacultyHeinrich-Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany

Multiple sclerosis(MS)is an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system(CNS)and is primarily characterized by immune cell infiltration leading to relapses followed by remission phases and a disease course turning progressive over time with neurodegenerative processes taking over(Amin and Hersh,2023).Of note,beyond relapse-associated worsening early in disease progression independent of relapse activity may arise independently of relapse activity and can occur in all ***-mediated damage of myelin sheaths and the subsequent loss of mature oligodendrocytes are resulting in impaired axonal integrity,neurodegeneration and accounts for irreversible neuronal damage(Kuhlmann et al.,2023).The current landscape of available disease-modifying therapies comprises mainly immunomodulatory drugs that effectively diminish relapses and slow down progression at the onset form of the disease,namely relapsing MS(RMS).In this regard,a number of drugs have been approved as disease-modifying therapies for MS by US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agencies(Box 1).

关键词： drugs impaired irreversible

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