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Clinical malaria and the potential risk of anaemia among preschool-aged children:apopulation-based study of the 2015-2016 Malawi micronutrient survey

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第6期8卷 28-38页

作者： peter austin Morton Ntenda Sosten Chilumpha Edward Tisungane Mwenyenkulu Jane Flora Kazambwe Walaa El-Meidany Malaria Alert Centre College of MedicineUniversity of MalawiPrivate Bag 360ChichiriBlantyre 3Malawi Ministry of Health and Population Department of Planning and Policy DevelopmentPO Box 30377LilongweMalawi The Malawi University of Science and Technology P.0 Box 5196LimbeMalawi NBS Bank PLC Head Office NBS House Corner Chipem bere Highway&Johnstone Roads Ginnery Corner BlantyreP.O.Box 32251ChichiriBlantyre 3Malawi Department of Nutrition High Institute of Public HealthAlexandria UniversityHiph 65 El-Horreya AvenueEl-lbrahimiaAlexandriaEgypt

Background:Anaemia and malaria are common and life-threatening diseases among preschool-aged children in many tropical and subtropical areas,and Malawi is no ***,this study aimed to examine the association of referral clinical malaria with anemia(hemoglobin[Hb]<110g/L)in preschool-aged children in ***:Using cross-sectional data obtained from the 2015-2016 Malawi Micronutrient Survey(MNS),multivariate logistic regression models were construaed using surveylogistic to account for the complex survey *** samples of 1051 children aged 6-59 months were evaluated for malaria(using rapid diagnostic test[RDT]-SD BIOLINE Malaria Ag P.f/Pan test histidine-rich protein(HRP-Ⅱ)^™),Hb(using HemoCue 301),a-1-acid glycoprotein(AGP),and serum ferritin biomarkers(using simple sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique,ELISA)and inherited blood disorders from dry blood samples(DBS)using polymerize chain reaaion(PCR).Diagnosis of clinical malaria was made on the basis of fever and a positive rapid diagnostic test(RDT).Results:Of the 1051 PSC analysed,29%had anaemia while 24.4%had a referral to the hospital due to *** adjustments for known confounders,PSC with a history of referral clinical malaria had increased odds of being anaemic(adjusted odds ratio[aOR]=4.63,95%confidence interval[Cf]:2.90-7.40),P<***:This study found that clinical malaria increased the risk of anaemia in PSC Thus,elimination of malariacausing parasites from the PSCs blood should be rapid and complete in order to prevent the progression of uncomplicated malaria to a chronic infection that can lead to the development of malaria-related anaemia.

关键词： Clinical malaria Anaemia a-Acid glycoprotein Serum ferritin Malawi

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Physician-Rated Utility of Procedure Videos for Teaching Procedures in the Emergency Department, Overall and during Emergency Department Crowding

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2012年第7期3卷 758-764页

作者： Clare L. Atzema R. Alexandra Stefan Refik Saskin Greg Michlik peter C. austin Department of Emergency Services Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto Canada Division of Emergency Medicine Department of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Canada The Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences Toronto Canada

Background: Real-time use of procedure videos as educational tools has not been studied. We sought to determine whether viewing a video of a medical procedure prior to procedure performance in the emergency department improves the quality of teaching of procedures, and whether videos are particularly beneficial during periods of emergency department crowding. Methods: In this single-centre, prospective, before and after study standardized data collection forms were completed by both trainees and supervising emergency physicians (EPs) at the end of each emergency department shift in the before (August 2008-March 2009) and after (August 2009-March 2010) phase. Online procedure videos were introduced on emergency department computers in the after phase. The primary outcome measure was EP rating of the quality of teaching provided (5-point Likert scale). The interaction between crowding and videos was also assessed, to determine whether videos provide a specific additional benefit during periods of emergency department crowding. Results: There were 1159 procedures performed by 192 trainees. Median procedures performed per shift was 1.0 (IQR 0 - 2.0). Mean EP rating of teaching provided was significantly higher in the group that viewed videos, at 4.2 versus 3.7 (p 0.001). In the adjusted analysis, EP ratings increased by 0.5 with a video (p 0.001), while the odds of a score of 5.0 were 2.2 times greater if a video was viewed (p = 0.03). The interaction of crowding and procedure videos was not significant (the use of videos increased the average score by 0.24 in times of crowding compared to times of non-crowding, p = 0.19). Conclusions: Use of procedural videos was associated with EP perception of improved quality of teaching provided around procedures. While EPs rated the quality of their teaching as improved overall, the effect of videos on teaching quality was the same in crowded settings as it was in non-crowded setting.

关键词： Teaching Education Procedures Emergency Department Video

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Optimisation of the Design of Pulverised Coal Injection Lances:From Concept to Full Scale Implementation at BlueScope Steel’s BF6

Optimisation of the Design of Pulverised Coal Injection Lanc...

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第五届国际炼铁科技大会

作者： Daniel Maldonado Paul Zulli peter austin Mark Walsh John Mathieson Harold Rogers BlueScope Steel Research Port Kembla BlueScope Steel Ironmaking Department Port Kembla BHP Billiton-Newcastle Technology Centre

Pulverised coal injection started at BlueScope Steel’s Port Kembla blast furnaces in 2002. With significant economic advantages to reduce consumption of coking coal via increasing the quantity of pulverised coal injected to the blast furnaces, a three-dimensional numerical model of the blowpipe/tuyere/raceway has been developed. The model has been applied in various plant-specific investigations of blast parameters, and more recently in the development of alternate coal injection lance tip geometries. The designs with the highest potential for increasing coal burnout included swirl and high dispersive tip designs. The reduction in char load entering the furnace for the best performing alternate designs was due to an increase in coal dispersion compared with the conventional design. A full-scale trial of the swirl lance design was carried out at Port Kembla’s BF6 in mid-2008. The trial delivered promising results, with PCI rates maintained. This was despite unrelated changes to the coke ash content and the burden mix fed to the furnace, which would normally reduce furnace permeability.

关键词： coal combustion modelling injection lance tip design char burnout

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3D model study of coal/coke combustion in a blast furnace effects of coal properties

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Baosteel Technical Research 2010年第S1期4卷 14-页

作者： peter austin Paul ZULLli BlueScope Steel Research P.O.Box 202 Port KemblaNSW 2505Australia

A three-dimensional mathematical model of the combustion of pulverized coal and coke has been *** model is applied to the blowpipe-tuyere-raceway-coke bed region in an ironmaking blast furnace in one computational domain,which includes two parts:pulverized coal combustion model in the blowpipe-tuyere-raceway cavity and the coal/coke combustion model in the surrounding coke *** effects of coal properties are examined comprehensively,in terms of coal burnout and gas species *** results indicate that using a coal of fine particle size or high VM content could improve burnout and would affect the gas composition *** burnout is examined in two ways:compared with burnout along tuyere axis,burnout over the raceway surface is a more sensitive and sensible parameter to describe the amount of unburnt char entering the coke *** model is useful for examining the flow-thermo-chemical characteristics of the pulverized coal injection (PCI) process under various conditions in a blast furnace.

关键词： pulverized coal injection mathematical modelling blast furnace

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社区专业姑息治疗团队对患者临终时住院、急诊以及选择在医院内死亡的影响：一项汇总分析

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英国医学杂志中文版 2015年第10期18卷 587-593页

作者： Hsien Seow associate professor Kevin Brazil professor of palliative care Jonathan Sussman associate professor Jose Pereira head of division of paUiative medicine Denise Marshall associate professor peter C austin professor Amna Husain associate professor Jagadish Rangrej senior biostattsttctan Lsa Barbera associate professor 饶洁于世英 Department of Oncology McMaster University HamiltonOntario LSV 5C2 Canada School of Nursing and Midwifery Queen's University BelfastBelfast UK Division of Palliative Care Faculty of Medicine University ofOttawa Ottawa Ontario Canada Department of Family Medicine McMaster UniversityHamilton Ontario Canada Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation DallaLana School of Public Health University of Toronto TorontoOntario Canada Department of Family and Community Medicine University ofToronto Toronto Ontario Canada institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences Toronto OntarioCanada Department of Radiation Oncology Institute of Health PolicyManagement and Evaluation University of Toronto TorontoOntario Canada 华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院

目的汇总11个开展家庭医疗服务的专业姑息治疗团队效应。设计进行一项回顾性队列研究的汇总分析。地点加拿大，安大略省。参与者3109名在2009-2011年接受专业姑息治疗团队医疗服务的患者（暴露组）及3109名在此期间接受常规医疗服务的... 详细信息

目的汇总11个开展家庭医疗服务的专业姑息治疗团队效应。设计进行一项回顾性队列研究的汇总分析。地点加拿大，安大略省。参与者3109名在2009-2011年接受专业姑息治疗团队医疗服务的患者（暴露组）及3109名在此期间接受常规医疗服务的患者（非暴露组）。干预措施虽然这些姑息治疗团队所在地区和规模不同，但包含了相同的核心团队成员和角色分配，即能够为患者在其家中提供综合姑息治疗的姑息治疗专科医师、护士和家庭医生，团队任务包括全天候的管理症状、给予医疗信息和治疗措施以及协调服务。主要结局测量指标患者（a）在死亡前最后2周在医院度过；（b）死亡前最后2周有过急诊；（c）在医院内死亡。结果暴露组和非暴露组中癌症患者约占80％，且78％患者接受临终家庭医疗护理服务的平均时间相同。在所有姑息治疗团队中，暴露组中分别有970（31．2％）和896（28．9％）名患者在生命最后2周住院治疗和有急诊经历，而在非暴露组，分别为1219（39．3％）和1070（34．5％）名患者（P〈0．001）。暴露组与非暴露组患者在生命终期住院和经历急诊的汇总相对危险度分别为0．68[95％可信区间（CI，0．61～0．76）]和0．77[95％CI（0．69～0．86）]。与非暴露组相比，暴露组患者选择院内死亡的更少[503（16．2％）比887（28．6％），P〈0．01]，且在医院内濒死的汇总相对危险度为0．46（0．40-0．52）。结论尽管社区专业姑息治疗团队的组成和地区不同，但均能有效降低患者临终时急诊及选择在医院内死亡比例。

关键词：社区生命死亡医院急诊组对专家治疗

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对应用选择性环氧酶2抑制剂或传统非甾体类抗炎药物老年患者上消化道出血的观察研究

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英国医学杂志中文版 2003年第3期6卷 147-151页

作者： Muhammad Mamdani Paula A Rochon David N Juurlink Alex Kopp Geoffrey M Anderson Gary Naglie peter C austin Andreas Laupacis 邓瑞雪 Institute for Clinial Evaluative Sciences 2075 Bayview Avenue-G215 Toronto Ontario Canada scientist Alex Kopp analyst peter C austin scientist Andreas Laupacis chief executive officer Kunin Lunenfeld Applied Research Unit Baycrest Centre for Geriatric CareToronto scientist and assistant director Sunnybrook and Women' s College Health Sciences Center Toronto clinical pharmacologist Department of health policy management and evaluation Faculty of Medicine University oU University of Toronto Mary Trimmer chair in geriatric medicine research

目的对应用选择性环氧酶2(COX 2)抑制剂和非选择性的非甾体类抗炎药(NSAIDs)的老年患者上消化道出血的比率进行比较。设计观察性队列研究。设置利用来自加拿大安大略2000年4月17日～2001年3月31日的官方数据,以确认基于人群的、初... 详细信息

目的对应用选择性环氧酶2(COX 2)抑制剂和非选择性的非甾体类抗炎药(NSAIDs)的老年患者上消化道出血的比率进行比较。设计观察性队列研究。设置利用来自加拿大安大略2000年4月17日～2001年3月31日的官方数据,以确认基于人群的、初次使用NSAID的队列患者。对象年龄≥66岁,开始服用非选择性NSAIDs(n=5391)、双氯芬酸(diclofenac)加米索前列醇(misoprostol)(n=5087)、罗非昔布(rofecoxib)(n=14 583)或塞来昔布(celecoxib)(n=18 908),以及随机选择的没有服用NSAIDs的对照组(n=100 000)。衡量结局的主要指标每个药物组因上消化道出血入院的比值比(经过调整潜在的混杂因子)。结果与对照组相比,多变量模型表明,在服用非选择性NSAIDs(调整比值比为4.0,95％,可信区间为2.3～6.9,)、双氯芬酸加米索前列醇(3.0,1.7～5.6)以及罗非昔布(1.9,1.3～2.8)时,上消化道出血的短期危险性是增加的,而塞来昔布并没有增加(1.0,0.7～1.6)。与塞来昔布相比,非选择性的NSAIDs(4.4,2.3～8.5)、双氯芬酸加米索前列醇(3.2,1.6—6.5)以及罗非昔布(1.9,1.2～2.8)的上消化道出血危险性显著增加。与罗非昔布相比,非选择性NSAIDs的上消化道出血危险性显著增加(1.9,1.0～3.5)。结论选择性COX

关键词：选择性环氧酶2抑制剂非甾体类抗炎药物老年上消化道出血临床观察双氯芬酸

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Cost burden following esophagectomy:A single centre observational study

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第7期16卷 2255-2269页

作者： Vered Buchholz Dong Kyu Lee David S Liu Ahmad Aly Stephen A Barnett Riley Hazard peter Le Benjamin Kioussis Vijayaragavan Muralidharan Laurence Weinberg Department of Surgery Austin HealthMelbourne 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Dongguk University Ilsan HospitalSeoul 14566GoyangSouth Korea Department of Surgery Austin HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourne 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Anesthesia Austin HealthMelbourne 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Anesthesia Austin HospitalHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Critical Care The University of MelbourneMelbourne 3084VictoriaAustralia

BACKGROUND Cost analyses of patients undergoing esophagectomy is valuable for identifying modifiable expenditure drivers to target and curtail costs while improving the quality of *** aimed to define the cost-complication relationship after esophagectomy and delineate the incremental contributions to *** To assess the relationship between the hospital costs and potential cost drivers post esophagectomy and investigate the relationship between the cost-driving variables(predicting variables)and hospital costs(dependent variable).METHODS In this retrospective single center study,the severity of complications was graded using the Clavien-Dindo(CD)classification *** esophagectomy complications were categorized and defined according to consensus *** costing data included the in-hospital costs of the index admission and any unplanned admission within 30 postoperative *** used correlation analysis to assess the relationship between key clinical variables and hospital costs(in United States dollars)to identify cost drivers.A mediation model was used to investigate the relationship between these variables and hospital *** A total of 110 patients underwent primary esophageal *** median admission cost was $47822.7(interquartile range:35670.2-68214.0).The total effects on costs were $13593.9(95%CI:10187.1-17000.8,P<0.001)for each increase in CD severity grade,$4781(95%CI:3772.7-5789.3,P<0.001)for each increase in the number of complications,and $42552.2(95%CI:8309-76795.4,P=0.015)if a key esophagectomy complication *** esophagectomy complications drove the costs directly by $11415.7(95%CI:992.5-21838.9,P=0.032).CONCLUSION The severity and number of complications,and the development of key esophagectomy complications significantly contributed to total hospital *** institutional initiatives and strategies are needed to enhance patient outcomes and minimize costs.

关键词： Anesthesia Esophagectomy Complications Cancer Surgery

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Land Subsidence in Xiong’an New Area,China Revealed by InSAR Observations

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Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science 2021年第1期4卷 70-76页

作者： Keren DAI Peilian RAN Zhenhong LI Julian austin Jan-peter MULLER Qiming ZENG Jingfa ZHANG Leyin HU College of Earth Sciences Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenviroment Protection Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China College of Geological Engineering and Geomatics Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710054China Key Laboratory of Western China’s Mineral Resource and Geological Engineering Ministry of EducationXi’an 710054China School of Mathematics Statistics&PhysicsNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne NE17RUUK Mullard Space Science Laboratory Department of Space and Climate PhysicsUniversity College LondonHolmbury St Mary RH56NTUK School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Crustal Dynamics Institute of Crustal DynamicsChina Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100085China Beijing Earthquake Agency Beijing 100080China

In 2017,China’s central government approved the national strategy to build Xiong’an New Area(XNA,100 km southwest to Beijing),which was announced as a"millennium strategy"and a"demo area"for a sustainable,modern,and innovative urban ***’an will draw in as much as$380 billion investment and is expected to help accelerate the development of the wider Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(Jingjinji)*** this paper,present subsidence in the XNA area is investigated using InSAR observations for the first *** 24 SAR images acquired by European Space Agency’s Sentinel-1 satellites during the period from June 2017 to July 2018 suggest that in the north of Xiong County,the subsidence rate reaches up to 90 mm/y,which is highly correlated with the exploitation of geothermal *** the construction in the XNA area will significantly accelerate and its high-quality development,the InSAR findings could provide valuable information for future sustainable urban planning and underground infrastructure construction.

关键词： Xiong’an New Area subsidence InSAR geothermal heating Sentinel-1

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Assessment of Heavy Metal Contaminants Using Pollution Indices in Ankobra River at Prestea Huni-Valley District, Ghana

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第9期7卷 25-35页

作者： austin Asare Benjamin D. Asamoah peter O. Sanful Department of Environmental Management University of Energy and Natural Resources Sunyani Ghana Department of Chemical Sciences University of Energy and Natural Resources Sunyani Ghana Department of Fisheries and Water Resources University of Energy and Natural Resources Sunyani Ghana

The reliance of communities on River Ankobra as the source of drinking water makes the assessment of its quality very imperative to human health and environmental management. The objective of this work was to investigate the concentration of heavy metal in the Ankobra River sediments at the Prestea Huni-Valley District using pollution indices. Sediments were collected randomly from the bottom of the Ankobra River at four different communities namely: Awodua, Heman, Ankobra and Tarkwa Breman. The presence of a set of heavy metals Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Hg in the sediments was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results showed that the concentration of Fe, As, and Hg did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) amongst the four communities but significant variation in the levels of Cu, Mn, Cd, Pb, and Zn was found (p < 0.05) amongst the sampling areas. The geo-accumulation index revealed that the communities were not polluted with Cu, Mn, Fe, Pb and Zn. However, all communities except Tarkwa Breman were found to have exceptionally high levels of Cd. The contamination factor results were consistent with the I-geo results. The pollution load index (PLI) showed that the four communities were not polluted with heavy metals. Strong statistical positive relationship were found between Mn and Cu;Cd and Cu;Pb and Mn;Hg and Mn;Zn and Cu;Zn and Mn;Zn and Pb;Zn and Hg whilst As and Fe showed strong negative correlation.

关键词： Heavy Metal Ankobra River Pollution Index Sediment

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Hydrochemistry of Surface and Groundwater in the Vicinity of a Mine Waste Rock Dump: Assessing Impact of Acid Rock Drainage (ARD)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第1期7卷 52-67页

作者： Francis Krampah George Lartey-Young peter O. Sanful Oscar Dawohoso austin Asare Department of Safety and Environmental Engineering University of Mines and Technology (UMAT) Tarkwa Ghana Department of Environmental Science University College of Agriculture and Environmental Studies (UCAES) Bunso Ghana Department of Fisheries and Water Resources University of Energy and Natural Resources Sunyani Brong Ahafo Region Ghana Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Kumasi Ghana Department of Environmental Management University of Energy and Natural Resources Sunyani Brong Ahafo Region Ghana

Acid Rock Drainage (ARD) is a well-known problem related to the mining industry due to its hazardous environmental effects. Metal-rich drainage and acid effluent transmitted from mine waste dumps compromise environmental quality of groundwater and surface water systems destroying aquatic life and increasing human health risks. This study was aimed at assessing the acid and metal drainage potential from the Subriso East Rock Dump (SERD) located in the Wassa East district of Ghana on ground and surface water quality in the catchment using a system of monitoring boreholes, reference boreholes and river samples. Water samples were collected from deep and shallow monitoring boreholes and surface water within the immediate environs of the SERD from August 2012 to February 2013 for laboratory and statistical analysis. Parameters analyzed include sulphate, alkalinity, Arsenic (As), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), Aluminum (Al), Silver (Ag) and lead (Pb) and their concentrations compared with Ghana Standards Authority (GSA) GSB (2009) and WHO (2017) standards. Results indicate that surface and groundwater were not impacted by the SERD possibly because there was no generation of acid or metal-loaded effluent from the SERD into the environment. Physicochemical variables between monitoring boreholes did not differ significantly from conditions in the reference boreholes. Similarly, comparison of upstream and downstream river conditions did not yield any statistical significance (p > 0.05). Mn and Fe concentrations were above the WHO (2017)/GSB (2009) standards. Heavy metal concentrations in surface and groundwater were below detection limits except manganese and iron whose concentrations exceeded the recommended guidelines. No significant environmental impacts exist that could be attributed to the waste rock dump and may be as a result of engineering designs and mechanisms which prevent acid generated water from reaching the extern

关键词： Waste Rock Dump Acid Rock Drainage Surface Water Ground Water Wassa East District Water Quality

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