Basic materials such as steel,cement,aluminium,and(petro)chemicals are the building blocks of industrialised ***,their production is extremely energy and emission intensive,and these industries need to decarbonise the...
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Basic materials such as steel,cement,aluminium,and(petro)chemicals are the building blocks of industrialised ***,their production is extremely energy and emission intensive,and these industries need to decarbonise their emissions over the next decades to keep global warming at least below 2°***-emission industrial-scale production processes are not commercially available for any of these basic materials and require policy support to ensure their large-scale diffusion over the upcoming *** novel transition to industry decarbonisation(TRANSid)model analyses the framework conditions that enable large-scale investment decisions in climate-friendly basic material *** present a simplified case study of the cement sector to demonstrate the process by which the model optimises investment and operational costs in carbon capture technology by ***,we demonstrate that extending the model to other sectors allows for the analysis of industry-and sector-specific policy options.
AIM To investigated the real-world effectiveness and safety of various regimens of interferon-free treatments in patients infected with hepatitis C virus(HCV).METHODS We performed an observational study to analyze dif...
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AIM To investigated the real-world effectiveness and safety of various regimens of interferon-free treatments in patients infected with hepatitis C virus(HCV).METHODS We performed an observational study to analyze different antiviral treatments administered to 462 HCV-infected patients, of which 56.7% had liver cirrhosis. HCV RNA after 4 wk of treatment and at 12 wk after treatment sustained virologic response(SVR) as well as serious adverse events(SAEs) was analyzed first for the whole cohort and then separately in patients who met or did not meet the inclusion criteria of a clinical trial(CT-met and CT-unmet, respectively).RESULTS The most frequently prescribed treatment was simeprevir/sofosbuvir(36.4%), followed by sofosbuvir/ledipasvir(24.9%) and ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir(r)/dasabuvir(19.9%). Ribavirin(RBV) was administered in 198 patients(42.9%). SVRs occurred in 437/462 patients(94.6%). The SVRs ranged between 93.3% and 100% for genotypes 1-4. SVRs were achieved in 96.2% patients in the CTmet group vs 91.9% patients in the CT-unmet group(P = 0.049). Undetectable HCV RNA at week 4 occurred in 72.9% of the patients. In the univariate analysis, the factors associated with SVRs were lower liver stiffness, absence of cirrhosis, higher platelet count, higher albumin levels, no RBV dose reduction, undetectable HCV RNA at week 4 and CT-met group. In the multivariate analysis, only albumin was an independent predictor of treatment failure(P = 0.04). Eleven patients(2.4%) developed SAEs; 5.2% and 0.7% of the patients in the CT-unmet and CT-met groups, respectively(P = 0.003).CONCLUSION A high proportion of patients with HCV infection achieved SVRs. For patients who did not meet the CT criteria, treatment regimens must be optimized.
The article deals with the design and implementation of a flat filter tracking digital controller for a boost DC-DC power converter. A highly perturbed switched boost converter circuit is shown to be efficiently contr...
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The article deals with the design and implementation of a flat filter tracking digital controller for a boost DC-DC power converter. A highly perturbed switched boost converter circuit is shown to be efficiently controlled, in a trajectory tracking task for its non-minimum phase output, by means of a suitable linear filter, here addressed as a flat filter. Flat filtering is a natural robust version of generalized proportional integral control (GPIC) by which the effects of arbitrary time varying exogenous disturbances, unknown endogenous nonlinearities and un-modeled dynamics can be jointly attenuated in a conceptually similar fashion to observer-based active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) and algebraic identification based model free control (MFC) but: a) without using extended state observers and b) respecting the original system order in a time-varying simplified model while avoiding algebraic estimation techniques. The proposed control technique based on the TMS320F28335 digital signal processor chip is tested by means of realistic simulations and experimental setup.
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