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Resistance to Aspergillus flavus in maize and peanut:Molecular biology, breeding, environmental stress,and future perspectives

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The Crop Journal 2015年第3期3卷 229-237页

作者： Jake C.Fountain pawan khera Liming Yang Spurthi N.Nayak Brian T.Scully Robert D.Lee Zhi-Yuan Chen Robert C.Kemerait Rajeev K.Varshney Baozhu Guo Department of Plant Pathology University of Georgia Tifton GA USA International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Hyderabad Telangana India USDA-ARS Crop Protection and Management Research Unit Tifton GA USA Huaiyin Normal University School of Life Sciences USDA-ARS US Horticultural Laboratory Fort Pierce FL USA Department of Crop and Soil Sciences University of Georgia Tifton GA USA Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA

The colonization of maize(Zea mays L.) and peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) by the fungal pathogen Aspergillus flavus results in the contamination of kernels with carcinogenic mycotoxins known as aflatoxins leading to economic losses and potential health threats to humans. The regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis in various Aspergillus spp. has been extensively studied, and has been shown to be related to oxidative stress responses. Given that environmental stresses such as drought and heat stress result in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) within host plant tissues, host-derived ROS may play an important role in cross-kingdom communication between host plants and A. flavus. Recent technological advances in plant breeding have provided the tools necessary to study and apply knowledge derived from metabolomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic studies in the context of productive breeding populations. Here, we review the current understanding of the potential roles of environmental stress, ROS, and aflatoxin in the interaction between *** and its host plants, and the current status in molecular breeding and marker discovery for resistance to A. flavus colonization and aflatoxin contamination in maize and peanut. We will also propose future directions and a working model for continuing research efforts linking environmental stress tolerance and aflatoxin contamination resistance in maize and peanut.

关键词： Host resistance Molecular breeding Aflatoxin contamination Reactive oxygen species ROS

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Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure of peanut cultivars and breeding lines from China,India and the US using simple sequence repeat markers

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第5期58卷 452-465页

作者： Hui Wang pawan khera Bingyan.Huang Mei Yuan Ramesh Katam Weijian Zhuang Karen Harris-Shultz Kim M.Moore Albert K.Culbreath Xinyou Zhang Rajeev K.Varshney Lianhui Xie Baozhu Guo Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University College of Plant ProtectionFuzhou 350002China Department of Plant Pathology University of GeorgiaTiftonGA 31794USA USDA-ARS Crop Protection and Management Research UnitTiftonGA 31794USA Shandong Peanut Research Institute qingdao 266100China International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics(ICRISAT) Patancheru 502324India Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cash Crops Research InstituteZhengzhou 450002China Department of Biological Sciences Florida A&M UniversityTallahasseeFL 32307USA Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University College of Crop ScienceFuzhou 350002China USDA-ARS Crop Genetics and Breeding Research UnitTiftonGA 31794USA AgResearch Consultants Shingler Little River RoadSumnerGA 31789USA

Cultivated peanut is grown worldwide as rich- source of oil and protein. A broad genetic base is needed for cultivar improvement. The objectives of this study were to develop highly informative simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers and to assess the genetic diversity and popuJation structure of peanut cultivars and breeding lines from different breeding programs in China, India and the US. A total of 111 SSR markers were selected for this study, resulting in a total of 472 alleles. The mean values of gene diversity and polymorphic information content （PIC） were 0.480 and o.429, respectively. Country-wise analysis revealed that alleles per locus in three countries were similar. The mean gene diversity in the US, China and India was 0.363, o.489 and 0.47 with an average PIC of 0.323, 0.43 and o.412, respectively. Genetic analysis using the STRUCTURE divided these peanut lines into two populations （P1, P2）, which was consistent with the dendro- gram based on genetic distance （G1, G2） and the clustering of principal component analysis. The groupings were related to peanut market types and the geographic origin with a few admixtures. The results could be used by breeding programs to assess the genetic diversity of breeding materials to broaden the genetic base and for molecular genetics studies.

关键词： Arachis hypogaea breeding genetic diversity populationstructure simple sequence repeat

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SSR分子标记在花生杂种鉴定中的应用

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福建农林大学学报（自然科学版） 2015年第4期44卷 350-354页

作者：王辉 khera pawan 李双铃任艳袁美庄伟建 VARSHNEY Rajeev K 郭宝珠谢联辉福建农林大学植物保护学院福建福州350002 Department of Plant Pathology University of GeorgiaTiftonGA 31793USA International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics PatancheruAndhra Pradesh 502324India 山东省花生研究所山东青岛266100 福建农林大学作物科学学院福建福州350002 Crop Protection and Management Research Unit USDA-ARSTiftonGA 31793USA

以24份花生材料为亲本,配制22个杂交组合,并利用40对SSR引物对24份亲本材料进行多态性筛选,运用多态性引物鉴定92个F1代杂种的真伪.结果表明,不同组合亲本间多态性差异较大,差异最大的两亲本(GT-C20-D和Tamrun OL07)的多态性引物比例为6... 详细信息

以24份花生材料为亲本,配制22个杂交组合,并利用40对SSR引物对24份亲本材料进行多态性筛选,运用多态性引物鉴定92个F1代杂种的真伪.结果表明,不同组合亲本间多态性差异较大,差异最大的两亲本(GT-C20-D和Tamrun OL07)的多态性引物比例为65%.SSR标记法鉴定出49个单株为真杂种;而田间表型鉴定出62个单株为真杂种,与标记鉴定结果差异较大.本研究证实利用分子标记鉴定真假杂种非常必要,且准确可行.同时,本试验证明40对SSR引物具有较高的多态性,可直接用于花生遗传多样性、杂种鉴定以及遗传图谱构建等的研究.

关键词：花生 SSR 杂种鉴定分子标记

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Controversies in testosterone supplementation therapy

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第2期17卷 175-176,I0006页

作者： Mohit khera Scott Department of Urology Baylor College ofMedicine Houston Texas USA.

Testosterone has now become one of the most widely used medications throughout the world. The rapid growth of the testosterone market in the past 10 years is due to many factors. We currently have a worldwide aging population. In the US, the number of men 65 years old or older is increasing 2-3 times faster than the number of men younger than 65 years. In addition, poor general health and certain medical conditions such as diabetes/metabolic syndrome （MetS）, cardiovascular disease （CVD）, and osteoporosis have been associated with low serum testosterone levels？-3 There are now fewer concerns regarding the development of prostate cancer （PCa） after testosterone therapy, making it a more attractive treatment option. Finally, the introduction of different forms of testosterone supplementation therapy （TST） with increased promotion, marketing, and direct-to-consumer advertising is also driving market growth. As the demand for TST continues to grow, it is becoming more important for clinicians to understand how to diagnose and treat patients with low testosterone.

关键词：血清睾酮代谢综合征心血管疾病疗法市场营销激素水平人口老龄化骨质疏松症

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Physiological normal levels of androgen inhibit proliferation of prostate cancer cells in vitro

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第6期16卷 864-868页

作者： Weitao Song Mohit khera Scott Department of Urology Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA.

For more than 70 years, it has been believed that a severe reduction of serum androgen levels caused regression of prostate cancer （PCa） and that increasing androgen levels enhanced growth of PCa. However, numerous recent studies have questioned this traditional belief. In our study, LNCaP and MDA PCa 2b PCa cells were treated with various levels of androgens for 10 or 20 days, and the cell growth was measured with crystal violet mitogenic assay. The results indicated that the effect of androgens on the proliferation of PCa cells occurs in a biphasic pattern, with the androgen levels promoting optimal cell growth at approximately 0.23 ng m1-1 for LNCaP cells and between I and 2 ng m1-1 for MDA PCa 2b cells. Both of the optimal androgen levels are within the adult men＇s physiological low range （〈2.4 ng ml-1）. At lower concentrations than the optimal androgen level, increasing androgen concentration promoted the proliferation of PCa cells. However, at the higher concentrations, increasing androgen concentration resulted in a dose-dependent proliferative inhibition. We conclude that physiologically normal levels of androgen inhibit the proliferation of PCa cells in vitro. However, at very low levels androgens are essential for initial growth of PCa cells.

关键词： androgen proliferation prostate cancer testosterone

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Combined tests of prostate specific antigen and testosterone will improve diagnosis and monitoring the progression of prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第5期17卷 807-810,I0009页

作者： Weitao Song Vikram Soni Mohit khera Scott Department of Urology Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas 77030 USA

Prostate-specific antigen （PSA） testing has been widely used to screen men for prostate cancer （PCa） and to monitor PCa progression. However, more studies have shown that around 15% of men with low or normal PSA levels have PCa. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship of androgen and PSA levels and to better understand the reason that some PCa patients have low serum PSA values. The in vitro data demonstrated that cultured LNCaP cells ceased to produce PSA after androgen withdrawal and resumed PSA production after androgen was re-added. The in vivo experiment results showed that 48% of PCa xenografts carrying mice have serum PSA level lower than 4 ng ml^-1. The serum PSA levels increased significantly with rises in testosterone （T） levels 1 week after T pellet implantation. These data indicated that the androgen is a key factor controlling the production of PSA. Low serum PSA levels in mice with PCa xenografts are associated with low serum T levels. Raising serum T levels in tumor caring mice will also significantly increase serum PSA level. This may have clinical implications when screening PSA in men, who have occult PCa.

关键词： prostate cancer prostate specific antigen testosterone

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Diet quality in patients with stroke

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2019年第3期4卷 154-157页

作者： Jennifer L Dearborn Tehmina khera Meghan Peterson Zartashia Shahab Walter N Kernan Department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Neurology Yale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA

Objective A healthy diet is associated with reduced risk for stroke,myocardial infarction,cancer and *** examined the prevalence of a healthy diet in patients with a recent stroke or transient ischaemic attack(TIA).Methods We recruited a convenience sample of 95 patients with a recent ischaemic stroke or *** information from a 125-item Food Frequency Questionnaire,we calculated dietary quality and the percentage of patients meeting recommended daily intake(RDI)for common macronutrients and *** The mean age of patients was 66 years(SD:16)and 46%were women.39 patients(41%)were classified as having a healthy diet(35%of men and 48%of women).The majority of patients were within the RDI for carbohydrates(56.8%),total fat(61.1%),long-chain n-3 fats(68.4%),polyunsaturated fats(79.0%)and protein(96.8%).Very few patients consumed the recommended intake for sodium(25.3%),and even fewer consumed the RDI for potassium(4.2%),with the majority of patients consuming too much sodium and too little *** We found that most patients with recent stroke or TIA were not following a healthy diet before their stroke *** most patients,sodium intake was much above and potassium intake was much below RDI.

关键词： patients intake potassium

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Adenylate cyclase activator forskolin alleviates intracerebroventricular propionic acid-induced mitochondrial dysfunction of autistic rats

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第6期15卷 1140-1149页

作者： Sidharth Mehan Saloni Rahi Aarti Tiwari Tarun Kapoor Kajal Rajdev Ramit Sharma Himanshi khera Sourabh Kosey Umesh Kukkar Rajesh Dudi Department of Neuropharmacology ISF College of PharmacyMogaPunjabIndia Department of Pharmacology Rajendra Institute of Technology&SciencesSirsaHaryanaIndia Pharmacology Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative MedicineJammuIndia

Neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction increases inflammatory mediators and leads to free radical generation and anti-oxidant enzymatic alterations,which are major neuropathological hallmarks responsible for *** dysfunction in autism is associated with decreased ATP levels due to reduced levels of cyclic adenosine *** models of autism were established by intracerebroventricular injection of propionic *** rat models had memory dysfunction,decreased muscle coordination and gait *** estimation of propionic acid-treated rats showed changes in enzyme activity in neuronal mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes and increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines,oxidative stress and lipid *** administration of 10,20 and 30 mg/kg adenylate cyclase activator forskolin for 15 days reversed these changes in a dose-dependent *** findings suggest that forskolin can alleviate neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction and improve neurological symptoms of rats with *** study was approved by the RITS/IAEC,SIRSA,HARYANA on March 3,2014(approval ***/IAEC/2014/03/03).

关键词： adenylate cyclase ATP autism forskolin mitochondrial dysfunction neuroinflammation oxidative stress propionic acid

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丛书名：新向导丛书.大众心理系列

1999年

作者：（美）（S.凯拉）Shiv khera 韦小满等译

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Isolated cerebral aspergillus abscess as a complication of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a child

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Chinese Neurosurgical Journal 2019年第3期5卷 182-185页

作者： Rachna khera Venkateswara Rao Mohan Krishna Pasam Ravindranath Tagore Sudha SMurthy Challa Sundaram Department of Laboratory Medicine Basavatarakam Indo-American Cancer Hospital and Research InstituteHyderabadTelangana500034India Department of Neurosurgery Basavatarakam Indoamerican Cancer Hospital and Research InstituteHyderabadTelangana500034India

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) poses a risk of opportunistic infections with a variety of organisms with Nocardia being the most common pathogen followed by mycobacteria and fungi. Case presentation: A 7-year-old female child, presented with headache and multiple episodes of vomiting. There was no fever or altered sensorium. On examination, there were no focal deficits or cranial nerve palsies. An MRI brain showed a small T2 hyperintense lesion in the left superior parietal lobe suggestive of an abscess. She was diagnosed as PAP based on CT chest and bronchioloalveolar lavage 7 months earlier and treated with corticosteroids. A left parieto-occipital craniotomy was done with drainage of abscess and abscess wall excision. Histopathology revealed a suppurative lesion with slender septate acute angle branching hyphae which were positive on fungal stains. Culture done on the pus was positive for Aspergil us fumigatus. The patient was treated with voriconazole and stable at 1 year follow-up. Conclusion: Opportunistic infections are common in patients diagnosed with PAP. High index of clinical suspicion and early diagnosis are important for favorable outcome.

关键词： Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis Opportunistic infection Aspergillus fumigatus Cerebral abscess

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