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Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of MAFLD

Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2022年第5期10卷 939-946页

作者： Kathleen Clare John F.Dillon paul n.brennan Royal Alexandra Hospital PaisleyNHS Greater Glasgow and ClydePA29PNUK University of Dundee Ninewells Hospital and Medical SchoolDundeeDD19SYUK University of Edinburgh Edinburgh BioQuarter5 Little France DriveEH164UUUK

The pathogenesis of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is complex and thought to be dependent on multiple parallel hits on a background of genetic *** evidence suggests that MAFLD progression is a dynamic two-way process relating to repetitive bouts of metabolic stress and inflammation interspersed with endogenous anti-inflammatory reparative *** MAFLD,excessive hepatic lipid accumulation causes the production of lipotoxins that induce mitochondrial dysfunction,endoplasmic reticular stress,and over production of reactive oxygen species(ROS).Models of MAFLD show marked disruption of mitochondrial function and reduced oxidative capacitance with impact on cellular processes including mitophagy,oxidative phosphorylation,and mitochondrial *** excess,ROS modify insulin and innate immune signaling and alter the expression and activity of essential enzymes involved in lipid *** can also cause direct damage to intracellular structures causing hepatocyte injury and *** select cases,the use of anti-oxidants and ROS scavengers have been shown to diminish the proapoptopic effects of fatty *** this link,endogenous anti-oxidant pathways have been a target of interest,with nrf2 activation showing a reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation in models of *** hormone receptorβ(THRβ)agonists and nuclear peroxisome proliferationactivated receptor(PPAR)family have also gained interest in reducing hepatic lipotoxicity and restoring hepatic function in models of ***,the true interplay between the clinical and molecular components of MAFLD progression remain only partly *** recently,multiomics-based strategies are being adopted for hypothesis-free analysis of the molecular changes in *** profiling maps the unique genotype-phenotype associations in MAFLD and with various single-cell tran scriptome-based projects underway,there is hope of novel physiological insigh

关键词： Fatty liver disease Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Reactive oxidation species Oxidative stress

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Evidence supporting the relationship between maternal asthma and risk for autism spectrum disorders

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1101-1102页

作者： Hadley Osman paul Ashwood Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and the M.I.N.D.InstituteUniversity of California at DavisSacramentoCAUSA

During pregnancy,maternal immune activation(MIA),due to infection,chronic inflammatory disorders,or toxic exposures,can result in lasting health impacts on the developing *** has been associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders,such as autism spectrum disorder(ASD)in the *** is characterized by increased repetitive and stereotyped behaviors and decreased *** of 2020,1 in 36 children are diagnosed with ASD by the age of 8 years,with ASD rates continuing to increase in prevalence in USA(Tamayo et al.,2023).Post-mortem brain studies,biomarker and transcriptomic studies,and epidemiology studies have provided compelling evidence of immune dysregulation in the circulation and brain of individuals diagnosed with ***,the etiology of ASD is largely unknown,however,genetic components and environmental factors can contribute to increased *** allergic asthma(MAA),a form of MIA,has been identified as a potential risk factor for developing neurodevelopmental disorders(Patel et al.,2020).Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition driven by a T-helper type(TH)2 immune response.

关键词： disorders epidemiology fetus

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Enhanced Trust Based Access Control for Multi-Cloud Environment

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第12期69卷 3079-3093页

作者： n.R.Rejin paul D.paul Raj Technology PuduvoyalGummidipoondi601206India R M D Engineering College KavaraipettaiGummidipoondi601206India

Security is an essential part of the cloud *** ensuring the security of the data being communicated to and from the cloud server,a significant parameter called trust was ***-based security played a vital role in ensuring that the communication between cloud users and service providers remained unadulterated and *** most cloud-based data distribution environments,emphasis is placed on accepting trusted client users’requests,but the cloud servers’integrity is seldom *** paper designs a trust-based access control model based on user and server characteristics in a multi-cloud environment to address this *** proposed methodology consists of data encryption using Cyclic Shift Transposition Algorithm and trust-based access control *** this trust-based access control mechanism framework,trust values are assigned to cloud users using direct trust *** direct trust degree is estimated based on the following metrics:success and failure rate of interactions,service satisfaction index,and dishonesty *** addition to this,trust values are assigned to cloud servers based on the metrics:server load,service rejection rate,and service access *** role-Based Access control policy of each user is modified based on his trust *** the server fails to meet the minimum trust level,then another suitable server will be *** proposed system is found to outperform other existing systems in a multi-cloud environment.

关键词： Cloud computing trust access control cloud service provider cloud data user CSTA

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Drop weight impact analysis of GFRP tubes with hollow glass particle-filled matrix

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第11期29卷 1-9页

作者： Daniel paul R.Velmurugan n.K.Gupta Department of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennaiIndia Department of Applied Mechanics Indian Institute of Technology DelhiNew DelhiIndia

Protecting occupants or payloads in crashes and blasts is of utmost importance in both moving and immobile *** way of achieving this is by using a sacrificial energy *** tubes have been studied as potential energy absorbers due to their ability to fail progressively under axial *** this study,the energy absorption capability of these tubes is enhanced by adding hollow glass particles to the ***-weight tests are performed on composite tubes,and a digital image correlation(DIC)-based technique is used to capture their load-displacement *** eliminates the use of electronic data acquisition systems,load cells,and *** load-displacement curves of the tubes are obtained from the DIC-based technique and examined to understand their crushing *** the mean crush load shows a drop,an increase in crush length is *** specific energy absorbed by the tubes improves with an increase in GMB volume *** addition of 0.1,0.2,0.3 and 0.4 vol fractions of GMB results in the specific energy absorption increasing by6.6%,14.7%,24%and 36.6%,respectively,compared to neat glass fibre-epoxy *** examination of the tubes and comparison with tubes subject to quasi-static compression is also performed.

关键词： Composite tubes Syntactic foam Impact Axial compression Digital image correlation

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Prospective,multicentre study of screening,investigation and management of hyponatraemia after subarachnoid haemorrhage in the UK and Ireland

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Stroke & Vascular neurology 2023年第3期8卷 207-216,I0028-I0059页

作者： James J M Loan Steven Tominey Kirun Baweja Julie Woodfield Thomas J G Chambers Mark Haley Simran S Kundu H Y Josephine Tang Anthony n Wiggins Michael T C Poon paul M brennan Translational neurosurgery The University of Edinburgh Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesEdinburghUK neurosurgery NHS LothianEdinburghUK neurosurgery Institute of Neurological SciencesGlasgowUK Department of Medicine School of MedicineDentisty and NuringUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK Internal Medicine Queen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences University of EdinburghEdinburghUK Edinburgh Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology NHS LothianEdinburghUK Radiology University Hospitals Plymouth NHS TrustPlymouthUK Department of Medicine Cork University HospitalUniversity College CorkCorkIreland

Background Hyponatraemia often occurs after subarachnoid haemorrhage(SAH).However,its clinical significance and optimal management are *** audited the screening,investigation and management of hyponatraemia after *** We prospectively identified consecutive patients with spontaneous SAH admitted to neurosurgical units in the United Kingdom or *** reviewed medical records daily from admission to discharge,21 days or death and extracted all measurements of serum sodium to identify hyponatraemia(n outcomes were death/dependency at discharge or 21 days and admission duration>10 *** of hyponatraemia with outcome were assessed using logistic regression with adjustment for predictors of outcome after SAH and admission *** assessed hyponatraemia-free survival using multivariable Cox *** 175/407(43%)patients admitted to 24 neurosurgical units developed hyponatraemia.5976 serum sodium measurements were *** osmolality,urine osmolality and urine sodium were measured in 30/166(18%)hyponatraemic patients with complete *** most frequently target daily fluid intake was>3 L and this did not differ during hyponatraemic or non-hyponatraemic episodes.26%(n/n=42/164)patients with hyponatraemia received sodium supplementation.133(35%)patients were dead or dependent within the study period and 240(68%)patients had hospital admission for over 10 *** the multivariable analyses,hyponatraemia was associated with less dependency(adjusted OR(aOR)=0.35(95%CI 0.17 to 0.69))but longer admissions(aOR=3.2(1.8 to 5.7)).World Federation of neurosurgical Societies grade I-III,modified Fisher 2-4 and posterior circulation aneurysms were associated with greater hazards of *** In this comprehensive multicentre prospective-adjusted analysis of patients with SAH,hyponatraemia was investigated inconsistently and,for most patients,was not associated with changes in management or clinical outcome.T

关键词： admitted urine centre

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natural forests in new Zealand–a large terrestrial carbon pool in a national state of equilibrium

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第3期8卷 458-478页

作者： Thomas paul Mark O.Kimberley Peter n.Beets Scion Private Bag 3020Rotorua 3046New Zealand Environmental Statistics Ltd Whangapararoa 0930New Zealand retired(previously Scion) Rotorua 3010New Zealand

Background:natural forests cover approximately 29%of new Zealand’s landmass and represent a large terrestrial carbon *** 2002 new Zealand implemented its first representative plot-based natural forest inventory to assess carbon stocks and stock changes in these mostly undisturbed old-growth *** previous studies have provided estimates of biomass or carbon stocks,these were either not fully representative or lacked data from important pools such as dead wood(coarse woody debris).The current analysis provides the most complete estimates of carbon stocks and stock changes in natural forests in new ***:We present estimates of per hectare carbon stocks and stock changes in live and dead organic matter pools excluding soil carbon based on the first two measurement cycles of the new Zealand natural Forest Inventory carried out from 2002 to *** show that new Zealand’s natural forests are in balance and are neither a carbon source nor a carbon *** average total carbon stock was 227.0±14.4 tC·ha^(−1)(95%C.I.)and did not change significantly in the 7.7 years between measurements with the net annual change estimated to be 0.03±0.18 tC·ha^(−1)·yr^(−1).There was a wide variation in carbon stocks between forest *** forest had an averaged carbon stock of only 53.6±9.4 tC·ha^(−1) but had a significant sequestration rate of 0.63±0.25 tC·ha^(−1)·yr^(−1),while tall forest had an average carbon stock of 252.4±15.5 tC·ha^(−1),but its sequestration rate did not differ significantly from zero(−0.06±0.20 tC·ha^(−1)·yr^(−1)).The forest alliance with the largest average carbon stock in above and below ground live and dead organic matter pools was silver beech-red beech-kamahi forest carrying 360.5±34.6 tC·ha^(−1).Dead wood and litter comprised 27%of the total carbon ***:new Zealand’s natural Forest Inventory provides estimates of carbon stocks including estimates for difficult to measure pools such as dead wood and roots.I

关键词： Forest inventory natural forests Carbon stocks and change Terrestrial carbon pool

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Microbial mediated arsenic biotransformation in wetlands

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第1期11卷 5-15页

作者： Si-Yu Zhang paul n. Williams Jinming Luo Yong-Guan Zhu State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast Belfast BT9 7BN UK Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China

Arsenic （As） is a pervasive environmental toxin and carcinogenic metalloid. It ranks at the top of the US priority List of Hazardous Substances and causes worldwide human health problems. Wetlands, including natural and artificial ecosystems （i.e. paddy soils） are highly susceptible to As enrichment; acting not only as repositories for water but a host of other elemental/chemical moieties. While macroscale processes （physical and geological） supply As to wetlands, it is the micro-scale biogeochemistry that regulates the fluxes of As and other trace elements from the semi-terrestrial to neighboring plant/ aquatic/atmospheric compartments. Among these fine-scale events, microbial mediated As biotransformations contribute most to the element＇s changing forms, acting as the ＇switch＇ in defining a wetland as either a source or sink of As. Much of our understanding of these important microbial catalyzed reactions follows relatively recent scientific discoveries. Here we document some of these key advances, with focuses on the implications that wetlands and their microbial mediated transformation pathways have on the global As cycle, the chemistries of microbial mediated As oxidation, reduction and methylation, and future research priorities areas.

关键词： Arsenic Wetland Microbes Switch

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Eye and Vision 2019年第1期6卷 322-330页

作者： Ke Cao Srujana Sahebjada Andrea J.Richardson paul n.Baird Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear HospitalMelbourneAustralia. Department of Surgery OphthalmologyThe University of Melbourne32 Gisborne StreetEast MelbourneVIC 3000Australia

Background:Keratoconus(KC)is a common corneal condition with an unknown gender *** numerous studies have investigated the genetic component of KC,no specific genes have yet been attributed to the *** recently reported posterior segment changes occurring in the eyes of KC ***,it is not clear whether these changes are part of KC pathogenesis or reflect changes in anatomical features of the eye manifested by changes at the *** retinal changes represent the main characteristics observed in agerelated macular degeneration(AMD)and that pleiotropy has been demonstrated between different eye diseases,we wished to assess if known AMD associated genes were also associated with ***:A total of 248 KC subjects and 366 non-KC(control)subjects were recruited from public and private clinics in Melbourne for this *** single nucleotide polymorphisms(SnPs)previously associated with AMD,including rs10490924(ARMS2/HTRA1),rs10737680(CFH),rs13278062(TnFRSF10A),rs1864163(CETP),rs2230199(C3),rs3130783(IER3/DDR1),rs334353(TGFBR1),rs3812111(COL10A1),rs429608(C2/CFB),rs4420638(APOE),rs4698775(CFI),rs5749482(TIMP3),rs6795735(ADAMTS9),rs8017304(RAD51B),rs8135665(SLC16A8),rs920915(LIPC),rs943080(VEGFA),rs9542236(B3GALTL)and rs13081855(COL8A1/FILIP1L),were genotyped in this *** regression was applied to evaluate the association between these SnPs and KC on both genders together,as well as each gender *** regression was also applied to assess the association between SnPs and corneal *** correction was applied to adjust for multiple ***:Genotyping data were available for 18 *** SnP,rs6795735(ADAMTS9)was significantly associated with KC(p=3.5×10−4)when both genders were assessed,whereas rs5749482(TIMP3)was only associated in males(p=7.7×10−4)following Bonferroni multiple ***,when the covariates of age and gender were included,the associations became non-sign

关键词： Keratoconus Gender Genetic Age-related macular degeneration

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功函促进钼基异质结电催化剂的电子结构重整提升其析氢反应活性（英文）

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Science China Materials 2025年第1期 189-198页

作者：陈想冯帅谢松苗亚萍高标张旭明黄莉李筠 paul K.Chu 彭祥 Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology School of Textile Science and Engineering Xi'an Polytechnic University The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Wuhan University of Science and Technology Guizhou Wujiang Hydropower Development Co. Ltd. Department of Physics Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong

Mo基催化剂在电催化析氢反应（HER）中具有巨大应用潜力.然而,其活性位点的暴露不足、极强的氢吸附能力导致其催化性能未能充分体现.本文在碳布上构筑了Mo2n–MoSe2异质结（MnS）,以增强Mo基催化剂的HER活性.由于MnS中的Mo2n具有较低的...

Mo基催化剂在电催化析氢反应（HER）中具有巨大应用潜力.然而,其活性位点的暴露不足、极强的氢吸附能力导致其催化性能未能充分体现.本文在碳布上构筑了Mo2n–MoSe2异质结（MnS）,以增强Mo基催化剂的HER活性.由于MnS中的Mo2n具有较低的功函数,能够在异质界面产生内建电场,显著提高了其在HER中电荷转移效率.此外,MnS中原子之间的强电子相互作用优化了Mo位点的电子结构,降低了氢吸附能力,进一步增强了其本征催化活性.因此, MnS催化剂产生20 m A cm-2和1 A cm-2的析氢电流密度所需的过电位仅为65和210 mV, Tafel斜率仅为96 mV dec-1.此外, MnS在1 A cm-2电流密度下稳定运行240小时后,形貌、结构和性能均无明显变化.以上研究结果为工业大电流制氢所需的非贵金属基电催化剂的设计和合成提供了新思路.

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Dynamical Analysis of A Class of Rotation-theta-equation

Dynamical Analysis of A Class of Rotation-theta-equation

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作者： n'gbo paul-Rene Marie n'GBO 浙江师范大学

学位级别：硕士

In this dissertation,we analyze the rotation-θ equation,which is the theta equation augmented with the Coriolis effect,induced by the earth *** Rotation-θ equation is a generalization of a family of models(including the Rotation-CamassaHolm equation and the Rotation-Degasperis-Procesi).Our study is conducted via the bifurcation method and qualitative theory of dynamical *** existence of not only smooth solitary wave solution,periodic wave solution,but also peakon and periodic peakon solutions are given.

关键词： Rotation-θ-equation solitary wave solution periodic wave solution peakon solution periodic peakon solution

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