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Preserving the past or past preserving: sustaining the legacy of postmodern museum architecture

Built Heritage 2022年第2期6卷 24-42页

作者： paul j.Armstrong paul H.Kapp Illinois School of Architecture University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign117 Buell Hall611 Taft DriveChampaignIL 61820USA

The publication of Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture in 1964 signaled the end of *** reality was that the modern movement had already jettisoned its ideological underpinnings and had become merely another‘style.’The avant garde architects in Europe and in North America were ready to move on and saw Postmodernism as a liberating antidote to the strictures of high *** architectural styles,which had been vilified as antiquated and out of step with modern culture,were revived,reinterpreted,and ***,Postmodernism,which had burned brightly during the 1970s and 1980s,was superseded by other architectural movements,namely,Deconstructivism,Pluralism,during the waning years of the 12th *** though new building forms and design theory changed during Postmodernism,building technology remained the *** walls continued to be built as skins,comprised of either glass,masonry,metal,or synthetic cladding,which were hung of steel or concrete *** membranes covered essentially flat *** infiltration was managed in ever complex composite wall *** important,environmental systems decoupled nature from interiors and were designed to manage ever demanding humidity control *** the development of new building technology,Modernism severed design style from traditional *** re-introducing historical forms back into architecture,Postmodernism complicated ***,Postmodernism and its successors rarely developed new technological ideas by introducing more intricate building forms,which were based on theoretical ideas rather than technical ones,while continuing to employ Modernism building technology into their *** inherent paradox is the most consequential challenge in preserving ***,approximately 40 years after its inception,we must consider if,in some *** it tenable to preserve Postmodern buildings?This paper reasse

关键词： Postmodernism Modern movement Preservation Museums Materials Technology Moisture Memory Adaptation

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Stagnant lid tectonics:Perspectives from silicate planets,dwarf planets, large moons,and large asteroids

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第1期9卷 103-119页

作者： Robert j.Stern Taras Gerya paul j.Tackley Geosciences Department University of Texas at Dallas Department of Earth Sciences ETH-Zurich

To better understand Earth's present tectonic style-plate tectonics—and how it may have evolved from single plate(stagnant lid) tectonics, it is instructive to consider how common it is among similar bodies in the Solar System. Plate tectonics is a style of convection for an active planetoid where lid fragment(plate) motions reflect sinking of dense lithosphere in subduction zones, causing upwelling of asthenosphere at divergent plate boundaries and accompanied by focused upwellings, or mantle plumes;any other tectonic style is usefully called "stagnant lid" or "fragmented lid". In 2015 humanity completed a 50+ year effort to survey the 30 largest planets, asteroids, satellites, and inner Kuiper Belt objects,which we informally call "planetoids" and use especially images of these bodies to infer their tectonic activity. The four largest planetoids are enveloped in gas and ice(jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune)and are not considered. The other 26 planetoids range in mass over 5 orders of magnitude and in diameter over 2 orders of magnitude, from massive Earth down to tiny Proteus; these bodies also range widely in density, from 1000 to 5500 kg/m^3. A gap separates 8 silicate planetoids with ρ = 3000 kg/m^3 or greater from 20 icy planetoids(including the gaseous and icy giant planets) with ρ = 2200 kg/m^3 or less. We define the "Tectonic Activity Index"(TAI), scoring each body from 0 to 3 based on evidence for recent volcanism, deformation, and resurfacing(inferred from impact crater density). Nine planetoids with TAI = 2 or greater are interpreted to be tectonically and convectively active whereas 17 with TAI <2 are inferred to be tectonically dead. We further infer that active planetoids have lithospheres or icy shells overlying asthenosphere or water/weak ice. TAI of silicate(rocky) planetoids positively correlates with their inferred Rayleigh number. We conclude that some type of stagnant lid tectonics is the dominant mode of heat loss and that plate tectonics

关键词： Stagnant lid Solar system Plate tectonics Planets Moons

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Flow hydrodynamics in embankment breach

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journal of Hydrodynamics 2015年第6期27卷 835-844页

作者： ZHAO Gensheng VISSER paul j. REN Yankai UIjTTEWAAL Wim S.j. Department of Hydraulic Engineering Delft University of Technology Flanders Hydraulics Research Flemish Government Department of Mobility and Public Works

Breaching flow occurs during the breach development of the embankment, dike, earthen dam, landslide barrier, etc. and plays an import role in the breaching erosion as the driving force. According to the previous research, the breaching process can be classified into initiation phase, breach widening phase and breach deepening phase. Based on the breaching development classifications, the breaching flow can be seen as a special compound weir flow when the breach channel is in the relatively equilibrium condition. There were five physical flow models were designed in the hypothesis of rectangular shape and trapezoidal shape for the breach channel cross sections to study the breaching flow characteristics. The distributions of water level and velocity were measured and analysed in the breaching flows in overtopping condition and emerged condition. There were two helicoidal flows above the breach channel slopes and triangular hydraulic jump in the downstream of the breach channel in the overtopping condition and emerged condition. The hydraulic energy loss was calculated according to the breaching velocity and water level distribution in the upstream and downstream of the model. It is found that the test results of the breach flow physical model can be valuable to bring insight of the breaching process of embankment and make contributions to the validations and verifications of breach numerical models.

关键词： embankment breach physical model breaching flow helicoidal flow hydraulic jump

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Recent advances in the study of Mesozoic-Cenozoic petrified wood from Thailand

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第5期16卷 501-506页

作者： Pratueng jINTASAKUL paul j.GROTE Nareerat BOONCHAI Northeastern Research Center and Museum for Petrified Wood and Mineral Resources Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 Thailand Geography ProgramNakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat UniversitySuranarai RoadMuang DistrictNakhon Ratchasima 30000Thailand School of Biology Institute of Science Suranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima 30000Thailand Northeastern Research Center and Museum for Petrified Wood and Mineral Resources Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 Thailand School of BiologyInstitute of ScienceSuranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima 30000Thailand

Mesozoic to Cenozoic petrified woods are very rich and well preserved in the Khorat Plateau, Northeast Thailand, serving as remarkable material for investigations of tropical vegetation history, paleoclimatic evolution, and paleoenvironmental changes. Our recent field survey and investigations have defined about 50 species of fossil wood assigned to 19 genera and 11 families from Mesozoic to Cenozoic deposits in this region. These woods are ascribed to two groups, gymnosperms and angiosperms. Among them, about 20 species assigned to 7 genera and 5 families are the first reports of the taxa in Thailand. The fossil wood floras indicate that during the late Mesozoic period, the tropical conifer vegetation in Northeast Thailand was dominated by the family Araucariaceae. From the Miocene to Pleistocene, a tropical climate prevailed in this region with perhaps both deciduous and evergreen broadleaf forests comprising the vegetation.

关键词： fossil wood tropical vegetation Mesozoic Cenozoic Thailand.

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Hepatorenal syndrome

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第30期13卷 4046-4055页

作者： Sharon Turban paul j Thuluvath Mohamed G Atta Department of Medicine Division of Nephrology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and the Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore Maryland United States Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and the Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore Maryland United States

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a "functional" and reversible form of renal failure that occurs in patients with advanced chronic liver disease. The distinctive hallmark feature of HRS is the intense renal vasoconstriction caused by interactions between systemic and portal hemodynamics. This results in activation of vasoconstrictors and suppression of vasodilators in the renal circulation. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, as well as current and emerging therapies of HRS are discussed in this review.

关键词： Acute renal failure End stage liver disease Hepatorenal syndrome Transjugular intrahepatic portosysternic shunts Dialysis Liver transplantation

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Outcomes of patients with cirrhosis undergoing non-hepatic surgery:Risk assessment and management

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第30期13卷 4056-4063页

作者： Farida Millwala Geoffrey C Nguyen paul j Thuluvath Hepatology Section The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 2105 United States

The reported mortality rates in patients with cirrhosis undergoing various non-transplant surgical procedures range from 8.3% to 25%. This wide range of mortality rates is related to severity of liver disease, type of surgery, demographics of patient population, expertise of the surgical, anesthesia and intensive care unit team and finally, reporting bias. In this article, we will review the pathophysiology, morbidity and mortality associated with non-hepatic surgery in patients with cirrhosis, and then recommend an algorithm for risk assessment and evidence based management strategy to optimize post-surgical outcomes.

关键词： Pre-operative risk assessment Risk stratification Cirrhosis Model for end-stage liver disease Non-transplant surgery Outcomes

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Involvement of eicosanoids in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer: the roles of cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第31期20卷 10729-10739页

作者： Lawrence M Knab paul j Grippo David j Bentrem Department of Surgery Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Northwestern University jesse Brown VA Medical Center

The interplay between inflammation and cancer progression is a growing area of research. A combination of clinical, epidemiological, and basic science investigations indicate that there is a relationship between inflammatory changes in the pancreas and neoplastic progression. Diets high in ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids provide increased substrate for arachidonic acid metabolism by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) to form eicosanoids. These eicosanoids directly contribute to pancreatic cancer cell proliferation. Both COX-2 and 5-LOX are upregulated in multiple cancer types, including pancreatic cancer. In vitro studies using pancreatic cancer cell lines have demonstrated upregulation of COX-2 and 5-LOX at both the mRNA and protein levels. When COX-2 and 5-LOX are blocked via a variety of mechanisms, cancer cell proliferation is abrogated both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of COX-2 has been shown to include effects on apoptosis as well as angiogenesis. 5-LOX has been implicated in apoptosis. The use of COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors in clinical studies in patients with pancreatic cancer has been limited. Patient enrollment has been restricted to those with advanced disease which makes evaluation of these drugs as chemopreventive agents difficult. COX-2 and 5-LOX expression have been shown to be present during the early neoplastic changes of pancreatic cancer, well before progression to invasive disease. This indicates that the ideal role for these interventions is early in the disease process as preventive agents, perhaps in patients with chronic pancreatitis or hereditary pancreatitis.

关键词： Arachidonic acid Eicosanoid Cyclooxygenase-2 5-lipoxygenase Pancreatic cancer Inflammation

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Influences of Biochar and Biochar-Mineral Complex on Mycorrhizal Colonisation and Nutrition of Wheat and Sorghum

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 686-695页

作者： paul BLACKWELL Stephen jOSEPH paul MUNROE Hossain M.ANAWAR paul STORER Robert j.GILKES Zakaria M.SOLAIMAN Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia Geraldton Regional Office School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydney Discipline of Chemistry University of Newcastle University of Wollongong School of Earth and Environment and UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western Australia Australian Mineral Fertilisers Pty Ltd. Soil Biology and Molecular Ecology Group School of Earth and Environment and UWA Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western Australia

The high price of synthetic fertilisers and the price barrier for biochar as a soil amendment have encouraged the exploration of using biochar in fertiliser replacement formulations. Biochars coupled with fertilisers can be applied at lower application rates to achieve benefits in plant growth and nutrition, as well as soil biological fertility. It is necessary to evaluate the use of biochar as a fertiliser substitute. Therefore, this study investigated the comparative influences of biochars, including Acacia saligna （AS）, Simcoa jarrah （S j） and Wundowie jarrah （W j）, mineral fertiliser with microbes （MF ＋ M）, biochar-mineral complex （BMC） and their combination on mycorrhizal colonisation, growth and nutrition of wheat in a glasshouse experiment and sorghum in field conditions. BMC ＋ MF ＋ M treatment produced higher mycorrhizal colonisation than MF ＋ M alone, indicating that BMC had a significant role in increasing mycorrhizal colonisation. Sj （treated with acetic acid） and MF ＋ M treatments, as well as AS ＋ MF ＋ M application, showed similar effects on mycorrhizal colonisation, but lower colonisation than the BMC ＋ MF ＋ M treatment. Ovcrall~ the BMC ＋ MF ＋ M treatment supported the maximum shoot, root and total plant dry weight followed by AS ＋ MF ＋ M and Wj ＋ MF ＋ M. The MF ＋ M treatment had the maximum shoot N and K concentrations, while BMC ＋ MF ＋ M application had the maximum shoot P concentration. AS ＋ MF -4- M and Wj ＋ MF ＋ M treatments supported the maximum N uptake by wheat shoots, while BMC ＋ MF ＋ M supported the maximum P uptake. The results showed that biochars and BMCs could increase mycorrhizal colonisation, plant growth and nutrient uptake of wheat, particularly N, P, K, S and Zn. The field experiment confirmed that BMC application at a rate of 300 kg ha-1 could increase the yield of irrigated sorghum on a loam soil and provide better applied P use efficiency compared to a water-soluble fertiliser alone. These results indicated that biochar-based fer

关键词： carbon sequestration nutrient uptake P use efficiency soil biological fertility wheat production

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The role of exosomes in peripheral nerve regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第5期10卷 743-747页

作者： Rosanna C.Ching paul j.Kingham Department of Integrative Medical Biology Umea University Department of Surgical & Perioperative Sciences Umea University

Peripheral nerve injuries remain problematic to treat, with poor functional recovery commonly observed. Injuries resulting in a nerve gap create specific difficulties for axonal regeneration. Approaches to address these difficulties include autologous nerve grafts （which are currently the gold standard treatment） and synthetic conduits, with the latter option being able to be im- pregnated with Schwann cells or stem cells which provide an appropriate micro-environment for neuronal regeneration to occur. Transplanting stem cells, however, infers additional risk of malignant transformation as well as manufacturing difficulties and ethical concerns, and the use of autologous nerve grafts and Schwann ceils requires the sacrifice of a functioning nerve. A new approach utilizing exosomes, secreted extracellular vesicles, could avoid these complications. In this review, we summarize the current literature on exosomes, and suggest how they could help to improve axonal regeneration following peripheral nerve injury.

关键词： axonal regeneration exosome extracellular vesicle microRNA microvesicle nerve gap neurite outgrowth peripheral nerve injury Schwann cell stem cell

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Species Concepts as Applied to the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci Systematics:How Many Species Are There?

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journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第2期11卷 176-186页

作者： LIU Shu-sheng john Colvin paul j De Barro Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology Ministry of Agriculture~Institute of lnsect Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P.R. China Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich Kent ME4 4TB United Kingdom CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia

The worldwide distribution and extensive genetic diversity of the whitefly,Bemisia tabaci,has long been ***,the levels of separation within *** and the nomenclature of the various genetic groups have been a subject of *** phylogenetic analyses indicate that *** is a complex composed of 28 morphologically indistinguishable *** this article,we first review the debate and difficulties associated with ***＇s taxonomy and systematics,and argue for the need to apply the biological species concept in order to elucidate ***＇s *** summarize the accumulated genetic and behavioural data on reproductive incompatibilities evident amongst phylogenetic mtCOI groups of *** studies have been conducted with 14 of the 28 putative species covering 54 reciprocal inter-species pairs,and observations on mating behaviour have been conducted for seven species *** from both crossing trials and behavioural observations indicate a consistent pattern of reproductive isolation among the putative *** then discuss the technical and conceptual complexities associated with crossing experiments and behavioural observations designed to reveal reproductive ***,we elaborate on a strategy for further clarifying the pattern of reproductive isolation between *** groups and propose future research directions on the systematics of this complex.

关键词： whitefly systematics biological species cryptic species phylogenetic species reproductive isolation mating behavior taxonomy

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