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Evidence supporting the relationship between maternal asthma and risk for autism spectrum disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1101-1102页

作者： Hadley Osman paul Ashwood Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and the M.I.N.D.InstituteUniversity of California at DavisSacramentoCAUSA

During pregnancy,maternal immune activation(MIA),due to infection,chronic inflammatory disorders,or toxic exposures,can result in lasting health impacts on the developing *** has been associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders,such as autism spectrum disorder(ASD)in the *** is characterized by increased repetitive and stereotyped behaviors and decreased *** of 2020,1 in 36 children are diagnosed with ASD by the age of 8 years,with ASD rates continuing to increase in prevalence in USA(Tamayo et al.,2023).Post-mortem brain studies,biomarker and transcriptomic studies,and epidemiology studies have provided compelling evidence of immune dysregulation in the circulation and brain of individuals diagnosed with ***,the etiology of ASD is largely unknown,however,genetic components and environmental factors can contribute to increased *** allergic asthma(MAA),a form of MIA,has been identified as a potential risk factor for developing neurodevelopmental disorders(Patel et al.,2020).Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition driven by a T-helper type(TH)2 immune response.

关键词： disorders epidemiology fetus

Emerging insights into the function of very long chain fatty acids at cerebellar synapses

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1709-1710页

作者： Martin-paul Agbaga Mohiuddin Ahmad Department of cell Biology and Ophthalmology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Centerand Dean McGee Eye InstituteOklahoma CityOKUSA

Very long chain-saturated and-polyunsaturated fatty acids(VLc-SFA and VLc-PUFA, respectively) are a functionally important class of fatty acids containing 28 carbons or more in their acyl chain. They are synthesized by the elongation of very long fatty acids-4(ELOVL4) enzyme, expressed mainly in the brain, retina, skin, testes, and meibomian gland, where these fatty acids are found(Agbaga et al., 2008). Further, these organs exhibit tissuespecific VLc-PUFA and VLc-SFA biosynthesis and incorporation into complex lipids for specific functions. In the brain, skin, and Meibomian glands, the ELOVL4 mainly makes VLc-SFA, which are incorporated into complex sphingolipids. In the retina, the ELOVL4 makes VLc-PUFA that are incorporated into phosphatidylcholine, that are critical for visual function, while in testes and sperm, the VLc-PUFA are incorporated into sphingolipids that are critical for fertility(Yeboah et al., 2021).

关键词： functions function insight

A functional tacrolimus-releasing nerve wrap for enhancing nerve regeneration following surgical nerve repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 291-304页

作者： Simeon c.Daeschler Katelyn J.W.So Konstantin Feinberg Marina Manoraj Jenny cheung Jennifer Zhang Kaveh Mirmoeini Jpaul Santerre Tessa Gordon Gregory HBorschel SickKids Research Institute Neuroscience and Mental Health ProgramTorontoONCanada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery the Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada Translational Biology and Engineering Program Ted Rogers Centre for Heart ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of DentistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Axonal regeneration following surgical nerve repair is slow and often incomplete,resulting in poor functional recovery which sometimes contributes to lifelong ***,there are no FDA-approved therapies available to promote nerve *** accelerates axonal regeneration,but systemic side effects presently outweigh its potential benefits for peripheral nerve *** authors describe herein a biodegradable polyurethane-based drug delivery system for the sustained local release of tacrolimus at the nerve repair site,with suitable properties for scalable production and clinical application,aiming to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery with minimal systemic drug *** is encapsulated into co-axially electrospun polycarbonate-urethane nanofibers to generate an implantable nerve wrap that releases therapeutic doses of bioactive tacrolimus over 31 *** and drug loading are adjustable for applications in small and large caliber nerves,and the wrap degrades within 120 days into biocompatible *** released from the nerve wrap promotes axon elongation in vitro and accelerates nerve regeneration and functional recovery in preclinical nerve repair models while off-target systemic drug exposure is reduced by 80%compared with systemic *** its surgical suitability and preclinical efficacy and safety,this system may provide a readily translatable approach to support axonal regeneration and recovery in patients undergoing nerve surgery.

关键词： biodegradable local drug delivery nerve injury nerve regeneration nerve wrap tacrolimus

cR Geometry in 3-D(Dedicated to Professor Haim Brezis with admiration)

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chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2017年第2期38卷 695-710页

作者： paul c.YANG department of mathematics princeton universityFine HallW ashington RoadPrinceton NJ 08544 USA.

cR geometry studies the boundary of pseudo-convex manifolds. By concentrating on a choice of a contact form, the local geometry bears strong resemblence to conformal geometry. This paper deals with the role conformally invariant operators such as the Paneitz operator plays in the cR geometry in dimension three. While the sign of this operator is important in the embedding problem, the kernel of this operator is also closely connected with the stability of cR structures. The positivity of the cR-mass under the natural sign conditions of the Paneitz operator and the cR Yamabe operator is discussed. The cR positive mass theorem has a consequence for the existence of minimizer of the cR Yamabe problem. The pseudo-Einstein condition studied by Lee has a natural analogue in this dimension, and it is closely connected with the pluriharmonic *** author discusses the introduction of new conformally covariant operator P-prime and its associated Q-prime curvature and gives another natural way to find a canonical contact form among the class of pseudo-Einstein contact forms. Finally, an isoperimetric constant determined by the Q-prime curvature integral is discussed.

关键词： Paneitz operator, Embedding problem, Yamabe equation, Mass,P-prime, Q-prime curvature

Effect of erosion on corrosion of API X120 steel in relation to erodent particle size

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2020年第6期27卷 691-701页

作者： paul c.Okonkwo Said Grami Srinivasan Murugan Shariq Khan Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Department College of EngineeringDhofar University211 SalalahOman chemical Engineering College of EngineeringDhofar University211 SalalahOman

The nature of the solid erodent particles present in corrosive petroleum fluid can cause transporting pipeline to experience severe erosion and corrosion damages. The effect of erosion on corrosion behavior of API X120 steel was investigated using aluminum oxide and silicon carbide particles with different sizes as erodent and 3.5wt.% Nacl aqueous solution saturated with carbon dioxide as a corrosive medium. The effect of the erodent particle size on the corrosion behavior of the steel material at different particle speeds and impact angles was investigated using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and surface analysis techniques. The erosion results confirmed that the material damage increased with increasing particle speed. It was observed that in carbon dioxide-saturated saline solution, deposition of protective iron carbonate film occurred on the steel surface. It was found that the corrosion film can provide better protection at lower particle speed than at higher speed. The ratio of total erosion-corrosion (S)/effect of erosion on corrosion (T) analysis confirmed that at higher S/T ratio, the particle speed and material removal rate are low and vice versa at lower S/T ratio. Lower S/T values for the combined erosion and corrosion tests performed with erodent silicon carbide particle compared to erodent aluminum oxide particle showed that erosion enhancement of corrosion is more evident in the test performed using aluminum oxide particle than using silicon carbide particle. The result also suggests that when subjected to larger size erodent particle, the damage to pipeline due to effect of erosion on corrosion process can be more significant compared to smaller size erodent particle.

关键词： Erosion corrosion API X120 steel carbon dioxide Aluminum oxide Silicon carbide Erodent particlesize

Formulation optimization of scutellarin-loaded HP-β-cD/chitosan nanoparticles using response surface methodology with Box–Behnken design

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2017年第4期12卷 378-385页

作者： Shanshan Liu paul c.Ho National University of Singapore

The aim of this paper is to investigate and optimize the preparation of scutellarin(ScU)-loaded HP-β-cD/chitosan(cS) nanoparticles(cD/cS-ScU-NPs). cD/cS-ScU-NPs were prepared by ionic cross-linking method and the process and formulation variables were optimized using response surface methodology(RSM) with a three-level, three factor Box–Behnken design(BBD).The independent variables were the added amounts of cS, sodium tripolyphosphate(TPP)and Pluronic F-68 during the preparation. Dependent variables(responses) were particle size and entrapment efficiency. Mathematical equations and respond surface plots were used to correlate independent and dependent *** preparation process and formulation variables were optimized to achieve minimum particle size and maximum entrapment efficiency by calculating the overall desirability value(OD). The optimized NP formulation was characterized for particle size, PDI, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug *** to the results, an optimized cD/cS-ScU-NP formulation was prepared. Results for particle size, PDI, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency were found to be around 200 nm,0.5, 25 mV, and 70% respectively. For in vitro study, the release of ScU from the NPs exhibited a biphasic release and was in accordance with Higuchi equation. The optimized preparation was simple with the probability for industrialization. The combination use of RSM, BBD and overall desirability values could provide a promising application for incorporating cD into cS nanoparticles as drug delivery carrier and help develop lab-scale procedures.

关键词： Scutellarin Response surface methodology Box–Behnken design chitosan HP-β-cD Nanoparticles

cross-species hybridization of woodchuck hepatitis virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma using human oligonucleotide microarrays

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第29期12卷 4646-4651页

作者： paul W Anderson Bud c Tennant Zhenghong Lee Department of Radiology University Hospitals of Cleveland Cleveland OH 44106United States Department of clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell UniversityIthaca NY 14853 United States

AIM： To demonstrate the feasibility of using woodchuck samples on human microarrays, to provide insight into pathways involving positron emission tomography （PET） imaging tracers and to identify genes that could be potential molecular imaging targets for woodchuck hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS： Labeled cRNA from woodchuck tissue samples were hybridized to Affymetrix U133 plus 2.0 Genechips. Ten genes were selected for validation using quantitative RT-PcR and literature review was made. RESULTS： Testis enhanced gene transcript （BAX Inhibitor 1）, alpha-fetoprotein, isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 （NAD＋） beta, acetyI-coA synthetase 2, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2, and N-myc2 were up-regulated and spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase was down-regulated in the woodchuck Hcc. We also found previously published results supporting 8 of the 10 most up-regulated genes and all 10 of the 10 most downregulated genes. cONcLUSION： Many of our microarray results were validated using RT-PcR or literature search. Hence, we believe that woodchuck Hcc and non-cancerous liver samples can be used on human microarrays to yield meaningful results.

关键词： cross-species hybridization Gene expression Woodchuck hepatitis virus Hepatocellular carcinoma Woodchuck Marmota monax

Outcomes of patients with cirrhosis undergoing non-hepatic surgery:Risk assessment and management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第30期13卷 4056-4063页

作者： Farida Millwala Geoffrey c Nguyen paul J Thuluvath Hepatology Section The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 2105 United States

The reported mortality rates in patients with cirrhosis undergoing various non-transplant surgical procedures range from 8.3% to 25%. This wide range of mortality rates is related to severity of liver disease, type of surgery, demographics of patient population, expertise of the surgical, anesthesia and intensive care unit team and finally, reporting bias. In this article, we will review the pathophysiology, morbidity and mortality associated with non-hepatic surgery in patients with cirrhosis, and then recommend an algorithm for risk assessment and evidence based management strategy to optimize post-surgical outcomes.

关键词： Pre-operative risk assessment Risk stratification cirrhosis Model for end-stage liver disease Non-transplant surgery Outcomes

Implementation and application of PyNE sub-voxel R2S for shutdown dose rate analysis

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Plasma Science and Technology 2022年第9期24卷 145-151页

作者： Xiaokang ZHANG Patrick c SHRIWISE Songlin LIU paul P H WILSON Institute of Plasma Physics Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031People’s Republic of China Argonne National Laboratory 9700 S.Cass Ave.IL 60439United States of America University of Wisconsin-Madison 1500 Engineering DrMadisonWI 53706United States of America

PyNE R2S is a mesh-based R2S implementation with the capability of performing shutdown dose rate(SDR)analysis directly on cAD geometry with cartesian or tetrahedral *** supports advanced variance reduction for fusion energy ***,the assumption of homogenized materials of PyNE R2S with a cartesian mesh throughout a mesh voxel introduces an approximation in the case where a voxel covers multiple non-void *** work implements a sub-voxel method to add fldelity to PyNE R2S with a cartesian mesh during the process of activation and photon source sampling by performing independent inventory calculations for each cell within a mesh voxel and using the results of those independent calculations to sample the photon source more *** sub-voxel R2S has been verifled with the Frascati Neutron Generator(FNG)-ITER and ITER computational shutdown dose rate benchmark *** results for sub-voxel R2S show satisfactory agreement with the experimental values or reference *** sub-voxel R2S has been applied to the shutdown dose rate calculation of the chinese Fusion Engineering Testing Reactor(cFETR).In conclusion,sub-voxel R2S is a reliable tool for SDR calculation and obtains more accurate results with the same voxel size than voxel R2S.

关键词： shutdown dose rate R2S sub-voxel PyNE