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Systematic overview of hepatitis C infection in the Middle East and North Africa

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第27期24卷 3038-3054页

作者： Karima Chaabna Sohaila Cheema Amit Abraham Hekmat Alrouh Albert B Lowenfels patrick maisonneuve Ravinder Mamtani Institute for Population Health Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar Department of Surgery and the Department of Family Medicine New York Medical College Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics European Institute of Oncology

AIM To assess the quality of and to critically synthesize the available data on hepatitis C infections in the Middle East and North Africa(MENA) region to map evidence *** We conducted an overview of systematic reviews(SRs) following an a priori developed protocol(CRD42017076736). Our overview followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and metaanalyses guidelines for reporting SRs and abstracts and did not receive any funding. Two independent reviewers systematically searched MEDLINE and conducted a multistage screening of the identified articles. Out of 5758 identified articles, 37 SRs of hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection in populations living in 20 countries in the MENA region published between 2008 and 2016 were included in our overview. The nine primary outcomes of interest were HCV antibody(anti-) prevalences and incidences in different at-risk populations; the HCV viremic(RNA positive) rate in HCV-positive individuals; HCV viremic prevalence in the general population(GP); the prevalence of HCV co-infection with the hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus, or schistosomiasis; the HCV genotype/subtype distribution; and the risk factors for HCV transmission. The conflicts of interest declared by the authors of the SRs were also extracted. Good quality outcomes reported by the SRs were defined as having the population, outcome, study time and setting defined as recommended by the PICOTS framework and a sample size > *** We included SRs reporting HCV outcomes with different levels of quality and precision. A substantial proportion of them synthesized data from mixed populations at differing levels of risk for acquiring HCV or at different HCV infection stages(recent and prior HCV transmissions). They also synthesized the data over long periods of time(e.g., two decades). Anti-HCV prevalence in the GP varied widely in the MENA region from 0.1%(study dates not reported) in the United Arab Emirates to 2.1%-13.5%(2003-2006) in

关键词： Hepatitis C meta-research risk factors incidence genotype Middle East and North Africa systematic review Micro-elimination Pakistan Gulf Cooperation Council

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Zinc deficiency in patients with chronic pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第5期25卷 600-607页

作者： Miroslav Vujasinovic AleksANDra Hedstr?m patrick maisonneuve Roberto Valente Henrik von Horn J-Matthias L?hr Stephan L Haas Department for Digestive Diseases Karolinska University Hospital Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS Department for Digestive Diseases Sapienza University of Rome Division of Clinical Chemistry Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC)Karolinska Institute

BACKGROUND Zinc is a key element in numerous proteins and plays an important role in essential cell functions such as defense against free radicals and DNA damage repair. Chronic pancreatitis(CP) is a chronic inflammation with progressive fibrosis of pancreas ultimately resulting in pancreatic exocrine insufficiency(PEI),which is associated with malnutrition. Studies analyzing zinc levels in patients with CP are sparse and lead to conflicting *** To investigate serum zinc levels in patients with CP of various *** Between October 2015 and March 2018, patients with a diagnosis of CP were identified and recruited from the Pancreatic Outpatient Clinic at the Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were analyzed. Etiology of CP was determined according to the MANNHEIM classification system into the following etiological subcategories:alcohol consumption, nicotine consumption, hereditary factors, efferent pancreatic duct factors and immunological factors. Pancreatic exocrine function was defined as normal(fecal elastase 1 > 200 μg/g), mildly reduced(100-200μg/g) and severely reduced(fecal elastase 1 0.002]. Smoking and number of packyears were additionally associated with low zinc levels. The risk of zinc deficiency in current smokers and smokers with ≥ 20 pack-years was approximately three times higher

关键词： Zinc Pancreas Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency Chronic pancreatitis Malnutrition

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AB046. The retinoblastoma model for translational research

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Annals of Eye Science 2018年第1期 452-452页

作者： Pierre Hardy Chung Yang Rosanne Superstein Mike P.Sapieha patrick Hamel Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology University of MontrealMontrealQuébecCanada Department of Ophthalmology CHU Ste-JustineMontréalCanada Department of Ophthalmology Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research CentreUniversity of MontrealQuebecCanada

Background:Our national collaborative research initiative is proposing to develop a common infrastructure for Rb *** are proposing a novel in vivo Rb model using human Rb cells ***:The rabbit model has advantages over the mouse models:(I)the larger eye size of rabbits,similar to the human infant eye,permits a more accurate injection of the drugs and evaluation of methods of targeted intraocular drug delivery;(II)the rabbit model demonstrated similar fundus appearance and pathologic features to human Rb,including vitreous seeds of viable tumor when the retinal tumor is mid-sized,which are usually found in the late stage in mouse *** lack of ability to eliminate vitreous seeds is a major reason of current treatment failures in Group C and D tumors;therefore,the rabbit model of Rb may be used as a model to evaluate the effectiveness and various routes of drug ***:This is an implementation of an infrastructure for evaluating therapeutic *** addition,this finding enables a variety of pharmacokinetic studies,pharmacodynamic and toxicology studies for new therapeutic ***:This infrastructure meets the growing concern of practitioners and researchers in the *** common facility is easily accessible to all VHRN members on request,including requests from other sectors.

关键词： Retinoblastoma animal model rabbit rat

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*** tissues bank for vision health research

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Annals of Eye Science 2018年第1期 499-499页

作者： Kim Santerre Mathieu Thériault Sylvain Chemtob Lucie Germain Claude Giasson Sylvain Guérin Solange Landreville patrick JRochette Christian Rochette Mike Sapieha Élodie Boisselier Vincent Pernet Stéphanie Proulx Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-UniversitéLaval Axe Médecine RégénératriceQuébecQCCanada Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'UniversitéLaval/LOEX QuébecQCCanada Département d'Ophtalmologie et d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie-Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale Facultéde MédecineUniversitéLavalQuébecQCCanada Département d’ophtalmologie Universitéde MontréalQCCanada maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center MontrealQCCanada Département de chirurgie Facultéde MédecineUniversitéLavalQuébecQCCanada École d’optométrie Universitéde MontréalQuébecQCCanada

Background:This infrastructure delivers biological material necessary for several research projects to Vision Health Research Network investigators(VHRN).Methods:Héma-Québec is the organism in charge obtaining consent and retrieving donor eyes for patient treatment or for *** Quebec City,donor eyes are sent to the eye bank of the“Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie”(CUO)of Saint-Sacrement *** at the eye bank evaluate the quality of the *** unfit for graft are transferred to the infrastructure where the coordinator encodes samples prior to their ***:Between 2013 and 2017,27 fundamental investigators,clinical investigators and collaborators supported by 60 students,trainees and laboratory assistants used this infrastructure to move forward their *** 2013,results from those projects generated 21 scientific publications and 232 *** infrastructure helped VHRN investigators obtain near 4 million dollars in grants from many organisms(CIHR,NSERC,Foundations,etc.).These grants allowed recruitment and formation of highly qualified *** year(April 2016 to March 2017),189 corneas and 23 eyes transited through the ***:This infrastructure is available for all investigators that are members of the *** original projects have been elaborated thanks to the human ocular tissues provided by this *** projects will advance our knowledge in vision health.A better understanding of eye functions will lead to new treatments for eye diseases.

关键词： Human ocular tissues for research fresh tissues

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