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Heterogeneous populations of neural stem cells contribute to myelin repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第4期12卷 509-517页

作者： Rainer Akkermann Felix Beyer patrick Küry Neuroregeneration Laboratory Department of NeurologyMedical FacultyHeinrich-Heine-University

As ingenious as nature＇s invention of myelin sheaths within the mammalian nervous system is, as fatal can be damage to this specialized lipid structure. Long-term loss of electrical insulation and of further supportive functions myelin provides to axons, as seen in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis （MS）, leads to neurodegeneration and results in progressive disabilities. Multiple lines of evidence have demon-strated the increasing inability of oligodendrocyte precursor cells （OPCs） to replace lost oligodendrocytes （OLs） in order to restore lost myelin. Much research has been dedicated to reveal potential reasons for this regeneration deficit but despite promising approaches no remyelination-promoting drugs have successfully been developed yet. In addition to OPCs neural stem cells of the adult central nervous system also hold a high potential to generate myelinating OLs. There are at least two neural stem cell niches in the brain, the subventricular zone lining the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus, and an additional source of neural stem cells has been located in the central canal of the spinal cord. While a substantial body of literature has described their neurogenic capacity, still little is known about the oligodendrogenic potential of these cells, even if some animal studies have provided proof of their contribution to remyelination. In this review, we summarize and discuss these studies, taking into account the different niches, the heterogeneity within and between stem cell niches and present current strategies of how to promote stem cell-mediated myelin repair.

关键词： heterogeneity oligodendrocyte neuroregeneration multiple sclerosis inhibitors intracellular proteinlocalization adult neural stem cell niche remyelination

Human endogenous retroviruses: ammunition for myeloid cells in neurodegenerative diseases?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第6期15卷 1043-1044页

作者： Joel Gruchot David Kremer patrick Küry Department of Neurology NeuroregenerationMedical FacultyHeinrich-Heine-University

Activation of myeloid cells by human endogenous retroviral entities:While the exact causes of neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis(MS)or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)are still elusive,there is evidence of a new category of pathogenic elements called human endogenous retroviruses(HERVs)which seem to contribute to their evolution and progression by exerting inflammatory and degenerative effects(Kury et al.,2018).HERVs are ancient retroviral elements which account for up to 8%of the human genome and it is known that environmental factors can trigger their(re-)expression(Kury et al.,2018).The resulting production of viral particles and/or proteins,especially from members of the HERV-W and HERV-K family,is strongly correlated with the onset and progression of neurological diseases,such as MS and ALS(Kury et al.,2018).

关键词： endogenous diseases al.

ALowFrequencyModel for Acoustic Propagation in a 2D Flow Duct:Numerical Computation

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Communications in Computational Physics 2012年第2期11卷 508-524页

作者： Lauris Joubert patrick Joly POEMS CNRS-INRIA-ENSTA UMR 270632 Boulevard Victor75015 ParisFrance POEMS CNRS-INRIA-ENSTAUMR 2706INRIA RocquencourtBP 10578153 Le Chesnay CedexFrance

In this paper we study a low frequency model for acoustic propagation in a 2D flow *** some Mach profile flow,we are able to give a well-posedness *** proof relies on a quasi-explicit expression of the solution which provides us an efficient numerical *** give and comment numerical results for particular linear,tangent and quadratic ***,we give a numerical validation of our asymptotic model.

关键词： Acoustics in flow Galbrun’s equations asymptotic analysis Laplace transform

Rapid Evaluation and Response to Impacts on Critical End-Use Loads Following Natural Hazard-Driven Power Outages:A Modular and Responsive Geospatial Technology

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第3期13卷 415-434页

作者： patrick D.Royer Wei Du Kevin Schneider Energy and Environment Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA99352USA

The disparate nature of data for electric power utilities complicates the emergency recovery and response *** reduced efficiency of response to natural hazards and disasters can extend the time that electrical service is not available for critical end-use loads,and in extreme events,leave the public without power for extended *** article presents a methodology for the development of a semantic data model for power systems and the integration of electrical grid topology,population,and electric distribution line reliability indices into a unified,cloud-based,serverless framework that supports power system operations in response to extreme *** iterative and pragmatic approach to working with large and disparate datasets of different formats and types resulted in improved application runtime and efficiency,which is important to consider in real time decision-making processes during hurricanes and similar catastrophic *** technology was developed initially for Puerto Rico,following extreme hurricane and earthquake events in 2017 and 2020,but is applicable to utilities around the *** the highly abstract and modular design approach,this technology is equally applicable to any geographic region and similar natural hazard *** addition to a review of the requirements,development,and deployment of this framework,technical aspects related to application performance and response time are highlighted.

关键词： Electrical grid Hurricane response Puerto Rico Resilience and geospatial technology Software applications

Lau Effect Using LED Array for Lithography

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2021年第3期4卷 165-174页

作者： Xinrui Cao patrick FeBer Stefan Sinzinger Fachgebiet Technische Optik Institut flir Mikro-und Nanotechnologien(IMN)MacroNano■Technische Universitat IlmenauIlmenauGermany

Illumination with LEDs is of increasing interest in imaging and *** particular,compared to lasers,LEDs are temporally and spatially incoherent,so that speckle effects can be avoided by the application of ***,LED arrays are qualified due to their high optical output ***,LED arrays have not been widely used for investigating optical effects,e.g.,the Lau *** this paper,we propose the application of an LED array for realizing the Lau effect by taking into account the influence of the coherence properties of illumination on the Lau *** spatially incoherent illumination with the LED array or a single LED,triangular distributed Lau fringes can be *** apply the obtained Lau fringes in the optical lithography to produce analog *** to a single LED,the Lau fringes using the LED array have significantly higher ***,the exposure time in the lithography process is largely reduced.

关键词： Lau effect LED array Lithography Spatial coherence properties of illumination

Local and range-wide distribution of song types suggest Ovenbirds(Seiurus aurocapilla)have song neighborhoods but not macro-dialects

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Avian Research 2023年第2期14卷 191-199页

作者： patrick M.Jagielski Jennifer R.Foote Department of Biology Algoma UniversitySault Ste.MarieONCanada

The song systems of oscine passerines(songbirds)are complex and *** songs are used for both mate attraction and territory defense and are therefore important signals for survival and reproduction,comprehensive knowledge of within and among species song structure and distribution is informative for understanding the evolution of song repertoires and vocal *** this study,we explored variation in the song structure of the Ovenbird(Seiurus aurocapilla),a widespread warbler(Family Parulidae)found in North American *** analyzed recordings from the 2021 breeding season to assess song type variation at a local(n=158 birds;Sault ***,ON)and breeding range scale(n=512 birds;eBird).We characterized the local song types and tested whether Ovenbirds share song types with their neighbors more often than expected by *** then characterized song types of Ovenbirds across the breeding range to determine whether any geographic pattern of song clustering exists(i.e.,macro-dialects).We found 10 distinct song types and some evidence for song type clustering at the local study site(i.e.,song neighborhoods).We found 7 of those 10 song types throughout the breeding range and identified an additional 24 types that were not recorded in our local *** found no evidence for song dialects across the Ovenbird breeding *** study contributes to our understanding of Ovenbird song while simultaneously adding to our understanding of geographic structuring of warbler *** work contributes to delineating a more comprehensive understanding of factors affecting dialect development for this diverse group of songbirds.

关键词： Dialects eBird Geographic variation Ovenbird Parulidae Seiurus aurocapilla Song type

Intervention at an early threshold for post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第8期20卷 774-786页

作者： patrick Blundell Lloyd Abood Mallinath Chakraborty Sujoy Banerjee Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit University Hospital of WalesCardiffUK Neonatal Unit Singleton HospitalSwanseaSA28QAUK Centre for Medical Education School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK

Background Very few adequately powered studies exploring early thresholds for intervention in the management of post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation(PHVD)in preterm infants have identified consistent neurodevelopmental advantages at 12–30 *** aimed to conduct a meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of early versus conservative thresholds for intervention,primarily aimed at normalizing cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)pressure,in the management of PHVD in preterm *** Multiple databases were searched for eligible papers,and prospective randomized trials involving preterm infants were *** results are expressed as relative risks(RRs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs).The main outcome was survival without moderate-to-severe neurodevelopmental impairment at 12–30 *** Ten articles representing seven randomized trials comparing early versus conservative thresholds for interventions were *** trials(n=545 infants)reported no difference in the main outcome between early and conservative groups[RR 0.99(0.71,1.37)].Sensitivity analysis excluding data from a medication trial did not alter the main outcome[RR 1.15(0.95,1.39)].Infants in the early threshold group received significantly more interventions[RR 1.48(1.05,2.09)].Deaths before discharge/during the initial study period[RR 1.04(0.70,1.54)]or a composite of death or shunt insertion[RR 1.04(0.86,1.27)]were comparable between the two *** Early intervention for PHVD,before a clinical or ultrasound threshold is met,leads to additional clinical procedures but does not improve survival without moderate–severe neurodevelopmental impairment at 12–30 *** should be exercised in interpreting these results due to significant variation between the studies.

关键词： Hydrocephalus Intraventricular hemorrhage Lumbar puncture Mortality Neurodevelopment Preterm infants

A novel cationic collector for silicon removal from collophane using reverse flotation under acidic conditions

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2023年第6期30卷 1038-1047页

作者： Zhongxian Wu Dongping Tao Youjun Tao Man Jiang patrick Zhang School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Shandong University of TechnologyZibo 255049China Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education China University of Mining&TechnologyXuzhou 221116China School of Chemical Engineering and Technology China University of Mining&TechnologyXuzhou 221116China Florida Industrial and Phosphate Research Institute Florida Polytechnic UniversityFlorida 33830USA

We analyzed a novel cationic collector using chemical plant byproducts,such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB)and dibutyl phthalate(DBP).Our aim is to establish a highly effective and economical process for the removal of quartz from collophane.A microflotation test with a 25 mg·L^(−1)collector at pH value of 6-10 demonstrates a considerable difference in the floatability of pure quartz and *** tests for a collophane sample subjected to the first reverse flotation for magnesium removal demonstrates that a rough flotation process(using a 0.4 kg·t−1 new collector at pH=6)results in a collophane concentrate with 29.33wt%P_(2)O_(5)grade and 12.66wt%SiO2 at a 79.69wt%P_(2)O_(5)recovery,providing desirable *** studies using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,zeta potential,and contact angle measurements show that the adsorption capacity of the new collector for quartz is higher than that for *** synergistic effect of DBP increases the difference in hydrophobicity between quartz and *** maximum defoaming rate of the novel cationic collector reaches 142.8 mL·min−*** is considerably higher than that of a conventional cationic collector.

关键词： cationic collector collophane defoaming quartz reverse flotation

High-Throughput Field Plant Phenotyping:A Self-Supervised Sequential CNN Method to Segment Overlapping Plants

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第2期5卷 285-294页

作者： Xingche Guo Yumou Qiu Dan Nettleton patrick S.Schnable Department of Statistics Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA Plant Sciences Institute Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA Department of Agronomy Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA

High-throughput plant phenotyping—the use of imaging and remote sensing to record plant growth dynamics—is becoming more widely *** first step in this process is typically plant segmentation,which requires a well-labeled training dataset to enable accurate segmentation of overlapping ***,preparing such training data is both time and labor *** solve this problem,we propose a plant image processing pipeline using a self-supervised sequential convolutional neural network method for in-field phenotyping *** first step uses plant pixels from greenhouse images to segment nonoverlapping in-field plants in an early growth stage and then applies the segmentation results from those early-stage images as training data for the separation of plants at later growth *** proposed pipeline is efficient and self-supervising in the sense that no human-labeled data are *** then combine this approach with functional principal components analysis to reveal the relationship between the growth dynamics of plants and *** show that the proposed pipeline can accurately separate the pixels of foreground plants and estimate their heights when foreground and background plants overlap and can thus be used to efficiently assess the impact of treatments and genotypes on plant growth in a field environment by computer vision *** approach should be useful for answering important scientific questions in the area of high-throughput phenotyping.

关键词： computer preparing Plant