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6-weekly bevacizumab versus 4-weekly ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration:a 2-year outcome

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International journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第4期9卷 551-555页

作者： patrick j chiam Vivian W Ho Nicholas M Hickley Venkat Kotamarthi St.Paurs Eye Unit Royal Liverpool University HospitalLiverpool L7 8XPUK Eye Care Centre Leighton HospitalCrewe CW1 4Q JUK Eye Department Leicester Royal InfirmaryLeicester LE15WWUK

AIM： To compare visual acuity and central macular thickness（CMT） changes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients treated with either 6weekly bevacizumab regimen or 4 weekly ranibizumab on an as required basis.·METHODS： Patients made an informed choice between bevacizumab 1.25 mg or ranibizumab 0.5 mg. The selected treatment was administered in the first 3 *** patients were followed-up 6 weekly and ranibizumab 4 weekly. Retreatment criteria was based on the reduction of 〉5 letters in the best-corrected visual acuity（BCVA）, the presence of retinal fluid on optical coherence tomography（OCT） or new retinal haemorrhage.·RESULTS： Visual acuity at 2y bevacizumab patients gained 7. 0 letters and ranibizumab 9. 2（ P = 0. 31, 95 %CI-6.4 to 2.0）. At 2y 86% of bevacizumab and 94%ranibizumab patients had not lost 15 letters or more（P =0.13）. Mean CMT decreased at 2y bevacizumab by 146 μm,ranibizumab 160 μm（P =0.72）. Mean number of injections was at 2y bevacizumzb 11.9, ranibizumab 10.3（P =0.023）.· CONCLUSION： Bevacizumab 6 weekly on an as required basis was not demonstrably non-inferior to ranibizumab 4 weekly pro re nata（prn） in terms of BCVA and change in CMT. In the bevacizumab group, one more injection was required in the second year compared to the ranibizumab group.

关键词： bevacizumab ranibizumab neovascular age-related macular degeneration treatment on as required basis

Prediction of interfaces of geological formations using the multivariate adaptive regression spline method

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Underground Space 2021年第3期6卷 252-266页

作者： Xiaohui Qi Hao Wang Xiaohua Pan jian Chu Kiefer chiam School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University639798Singapore Building and Construction Authority 200 Braddell Road579700Singapore

The design and construction of underground structures are significantly affected by the distribution of geological *** of the geological interfaces using limited data has been a difficult task.A multivariate adaptive regression spline(MARS)method capable of modeling nonlinearities automatically was used in this study to spatially predict the elevations of geological *** data from two sites in Singapore were used to evaluate the capability of the MARS method for predicting geological *** comparing the predicted values with the borehole data,it is shown that the MARS method has a mean of root mean square error of 4.4 m for the predicted elevations of the Kallang Formation–Old Alluvium *** addition,the MARS method is able to produce reasonable prediction intervals in the sense that the percentage of testing data covered by 95% prediction intervals was close to the associated confidence level,95%.More importantly,the prediction interval evaluated by the MARS method had a non-constant width that appropriately reflected the data density and geological complexity.

关键词： Geological interface Rockhead Multivariate adaptive regression spline Spatial prediction

Prediction of rockhead using a hybrid N-XGBoost machine learning framework

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journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第6期13卷 1231-1245页

作者： Xing Zhu jian Chu Kangda Wang Shifan Wu Wei Yan Kiefer chiam School of Civil and Environment Engineering Nanyang Technological University618798Singapore State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu610059China Building and Construction Authority 200 Braddell Road579700Singapore

The spatial information of rockhead is crucial for the design and construction of tunneling or underground *** the conventional site investigation methods(*** drilling) could provide local engineering geological information,the accurate prediction of the rockhead position with limited borehole data is still challenging due to its spatial variation and great uncertainties *** the development of computer science,machine learning(ML) has been proved to be a promising way to avoid subjective judgments by human beings and to establish complex relationships with mega data ***,few studies have been reported on the adoption of ML models for the prediction of the rockhead *** this paper,we proposed a robust probabilistic ML model for predicting the rockhead distribution using the spatial geographic *** framework of the natural gradient boosting(NGBoost) algorithm combined with the extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)is used as the basic *** XGBoost model was also compared with some other ML models such as the gradient boosting regression tree(GBRT),the light gradient boosting machine(LightGBM),the multivariate linear regression(MLR),the artificial neural network(ANN),and the support vector machine(SVM).The results demonstrate that the XGBoost algorithm,the core algorithm of the probabilistic NXGBoost model,outperformed the other conventional ML models with a coefficient of determination(R2)of 0.89 and a root mean squared error(RMSE) of 5.8 m for the prediction of rockhead position based on limited borehole *** probabilistic N-XGBoost model not only achieved a higher prediction accuracy,but also provided a predictive estimation of the ***,the proposed N-XGBoost probabilistic model has the potential to be used as a reliable and effective ML algorithm for the prediction of rockhead position in rock and geotechnical engineering.

关键词： Rockhead Machine learning(ML) Probabilistic model Gradient boosting

A review of computational tools for design and reconstruction of metabolic pathways

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2017年第4期2卷 243-252页

作者： Lin Wang Satyakam Dash chiam Yu Ng Costas D.Maranas Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA

Metabolic pathways reflect an organism's chemical repertoire and hence their elucidation and design have been a primary goal in metabolic *** computational methods have been developed to design novel metabolic pathways while taking into account several prerequisites such as pathway stoichiometry,thermodynamics,host compatibility,and enzyme *** choice of the method is often determined by the nature of the metabolites of interest and preferred host organism,along with computational complexity and availability of software *** this paper,we review different computational approaches used to design metabolic pathways based on the reaction network representation of the database(i.e.,graph or stoichiometric matrix)and the search algorithm(i.e.,graph search,flux balance analysis,or retrosynthetic search).We also put forth a systematic workflow that can be implemented in projects requiring pathway design and highlight current limitations and obstacles in computational pathway design.

关键词： database hence thermodynamics

The role of crystallinity on differential attachment/ proliferation of osteoblasts and fibroblasts on poly （caprolactone-co-glycolide） polymeric surfaces

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2012年第1期6卷 47-59页

作者： Helen CUI patrick j.SINKO Advanced Technology and Regenerative Medicine(ATRM) LLCSomervilleNJ 08876USA Department of Pharmaceutics Ernest Mario School of PharmacyRutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ 08854USA

The objective of the present study is to systematically evaluate the role of polymer crystallinity on fibroblast and osteoblast adhesion and proliferation using a series of poly（caprolactone-co-glycolide）（PCL/PGA） polymers. PCL/PGA polymers were selected since they reflect both highly crystalline and amorphous materials. PCL/PGA polymeric materials were fabricated by compression molding into thin films. Five compositions, from PCL or PGA to intermediate copolymeric compositions of PCL/PGA in ratios of 25：75, 35：65 and 45：55, were studied. Pure PCL and PGA represented the crystalline materials while the copolymers were amorphous. The polymers/copolymers were characterized using DSC to assess crystallinity, contact angle measurement for hydrophobicity, and AFM for nanotopography. The PCL/PGA films demonstrated similar hydrophobicity and nanotopography whereas they differed significantly in crystallinity. Cell adhesion to and proliferation on PCL/PGA films and proliferation studies were performed using osteoblasts and NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. It was observed that highly crystalline and rigid PCL and PGA surfaces were significantly more efficient in supporting fibroblast growth, whereas amorphous/flexible PCL/PGA 35：65 was significantly more efficient in supporting growth of osteoblasts. This study demonstrated that while chemical composition, hydrophobicity and surface roughness of PCL/PGA polymers were held constant, crystallinity and rigidity of PCL/PGA played major roles in determining cell responses.

关键词： crystallinity attachment proliferation osteoblast fibroblast PCL-PGA

On the Dirichlet form of three-dimensional Brownian motion conditioned to hit the origin

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Science China Mathematics 2019年第8期62卷 1477-1492页

作者： patrick j. Fitzsimmons Liping Li Department of Mathematics University of California at San Diego San Diego CA 92093-0112 USA RCSDS HCMS Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

Our concern in this paper is the energy form induced by an eigenfunction of a self-adjoint extension of the restriction of the Laplace operator to C_c^∞(R^3\{0}).We will prove that this energy form is a regular Dirichlet form with core C_c^∞(R^3).The associated diffusion X behaves like a 3-dimensional Brownian motion with a mild radial drift when far from 0,subject to an ever-stronger push toward 0 near that *** particular,{0}is not a polar set with respect to *** diffusion X is rotation invariant,and admits a skew-product representation before hitting{0}:its radial part is a diffusion on(0,∞)and its angular part is a time-changed Brownian motion on the sphere S^*** radial part of X is a"reflected"extension of the radial part of X^0(the part process of X before hitting{0}).Moreover,X is the unique reflecting extension of X^0,but X is not a semi-martingale.

关键词： Dirichlet form reflected extension rotationally invariant process Fukushima’s decomposition

Adaptive optics in laser processing

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Light(Science & Applications) 2019年第1期8卷 140-155页

作者： patrick S.Salter Martin j.Booth Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordParks RoadOxford OX13PJUK

Adaptive optics are becoming a valuable tool for laser processing,providing enhanced functionality and flexibility for a range of *** a single adaptive element,it is possible to correct for aberrations introduced when focusing inside the workpiece,tailor the focal intensity distribution for the particular fabrication task and/or provide parallelisation to reduce processing *** is particularly promising for applications using ultrafast lasers for threedimensional *** review recent developments in adaptive laser processing,including methods and applications,before discussing prospects for the future.

关键词： laser optics workpiece

Atomic coordination dictates vibrational characteristics and thermal conductivity in amorphous carbon

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 525-531页

作者： Ashutosh Giri Connor j.Dionne patrick E.Hopkins Department of Mechanical Industrial and Systems EngineeringUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRI02881USA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA22904USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA22904USA Department of Physics University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA22904USA

We discuss the role of atomic coordination in dictating the vibrational characteristics and thermal conductivity in amorphous *** systematic atomistic simulations on amorphous carbon structures at varying mass densities show the significant role played by the ratio of sp2 to sp3 hybridized bonds in dictating the contributions from propagating(phonon-like)and non-propagating vibrational modes and their influence on the overall thermal conductivities of the ***,our results show that as the concentration of sp3-bonded carbon atoms increases,the thermal conductivity can be increased by four fold,which is attributed to enhanced contributions from propagating modes in these amorphous *** results shed more light into the role of atomic coordination on dictating heat transfer mechanisms in amorphous materials,and also provide a deeper understanding of the ability to tune the thermal conductivity of amorphous carbon structures through the control of the local atomic coordination.

关键词： amorphous conductivity thermal

Growth and form of Quercus robur and Fraxinus excelsior respond distinctly different to initial growing space: results from 24-year-old Nelder experiments

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journal of Forestry Research 2013年第1期24卷 1-14页

作者： Christian Kuehne patrick Pyttel Edgar Kublin jürgen Bauhus Institute of Silviculture University of FreiburgD-79085 Freiburg i.Br.Germany. Faculty of Forests and Forestry University of Applied Sciences Wei- henstephan-TriesdorfHans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 3D-85354 FreisingGermany Department of Biometry and Informatics Forest Research Station Baden-WürttembergPostfach 708D-79007 FreiburgGermany

Initial growing space is of critical importance to growth and quality development of individual trees. We investigated how mortality, growth （diameter at breast height, total height）, natural pruning （height to first dead and first live branch and branchiness） and stem and crown form of 24-year-old pedunculate oak （Quercus robur [L.]） and European ash （Fraxinus excelsior [L.]） were affected by initial spacing. Data were recorded from two replicate single-species Nelder wheels located in southern Germany with eight initial stocking regimes varying from 1,020 to 30,780 seedlings·ha？1. Mortality substantially decreased with increasing initial growing space but significantly differed among the two species, averaging 59% and 15% for oak and ash plots, respectively. In contrast to oak, the low self-thinning rate found in the ash plots over the investigated study period resulted in a high number of smaller intermediate or suppressed trees, eventually retarding individual tree as well as overall stand development. As a result, oak gained greater stem dimensions throughout all initial spacing regimes and the average height of ash significantly increased with initial growing space. The survival of lower crown class ashes also appeared to accelerate self-pruning dynamics. In comparison to oak, we observed less dead and live primary branches as well as a smaller number of epicormic shoots along the first 6 m of the lower stem of dominant and co-dominant ashes in all spacing regimes. Whereas stem form of both species was hardly affected by initial growing space, the percentage of brushy crowns significantly increased with initial spacing in oak and ash. Our findings suggest that initial stockings of ca. 12,000 seedlings per hectare in oak and 2,500 seedlings per hectare in ash will guarantee a sufficient number of at least 300 potential crop trees per hectare in pure oak and ash plantations at the end of the self-thinning phase, respectively. If the problem of epicormic shoots a

关键词： spacing trial stocking self-thinning intraspecific competition qualification spatially explicit modelling generalized additive model