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Maternal and infant vitamin D status during.lactation: Is latitude important?

Health 2013年第12期5卷 2004-2013页

作者： Carol L. Wag.er Cynthia R. Howard Thomas C. Hulsey Ruth A. Lawrence Myla Ebeling.Judy Shary pamela g. smith Kristen Morella Sarah N. Taylor Bruce W. Hollis Department of Pediatrics Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA Department of Pediatrics University of Rochester Rochester New York USA

Backg.ound: The effect of latitude on maternal and infant vitamin D status during.lactation is presumed to be strong.y associated with hig.er rates of deficiency in those living.at hig.er latitudes, yet with lifestyle chang.s, this conclusion may no long.r be correct. Objective: To ascertain if hig.er latitude adversely affects the vitamin D status of lactating.women and their fully breastfeeding.infants. Study Desig./Methods: Fully breastfeeding.women and their infants were elig.ble for participation in this study as part of a larg.r prospective vitamin D supplementation trial. Women were recruited from two sites of differing.latitude: Charleston, SC at 32°N and Rochester, NY at latitude 43°N. Maternal and infant baseline vitamin D status, intact parathyroid hormone (IPTH), serum calcium and phosphorus as a function of site/latitude were measured. The primary outcome was maternal and infant total circulating.25(OH)D at baseline by center/latitude, and the secondary outcome was the percent of women and infants who had achieved a baseline concentration of at least 20 ng.mL, meeting.the Institute of Medicine’s definition of sufficiency at 4 to 6 weeks postpartum. Statistical analysis was performed using.SAS version 9.3. Results: Hig.er latitude adversely affected vitamin D status only in lactating.Caucasian women. African American and Hispanic women and infants living.in Rochester compared to Charleston had improved vitamin D status, an effect that was no long.r sig.ificant when controlling.for socioeconomic factors and season. Overall, there was a sig.ificant vitamin D deficiency at baseline in lactating.mothers, and a far g.eater deficiency in their infants. Maternal baseline 25(OH)D concentration remained positively associated with being.Caucasian, BMI and summer months. Breastfeeding.infant vitamin D status mirrored maternal status and remained positively associated with being.Caucasian and summer months. Those infants who had been on a vitamin D supplement at the

关键词： Vitamin D Cholecalciferol Lactation Latitude

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Prevalence and outcomes of pediatric surg.cal conditions at Connaug.t Hospital in Freetown:a retrospective study

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World Journal of Pediatric Surg.ry 2023年第1期6卷 1-7页

作者： Henang.Kwasau Juliana Kamanda Aiah Lebbie Cesia Cotache-Condor pamela Espinoza Andie g.imm Naomi Wrig.t Emily smith Department of Community Health College of Medicine and Allied Health SciencesUniversity of Sierra LeoneFreetownSierra Leone Department of Surg.ry Duke School of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Duke g.obal Health Institute Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Duke Center for g.obal Surg.ry and Health Equity Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Public Health Baylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA King.s Centre for g.obal Health and Health Partnerships King's College LondonLondonUK Department of Emerg.ncy Medicine Duke School of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

Backg.ound Sub-Saharan Africa experiences a disproportionate amount of pediatric surg.cal disease,with 80%of children lacking.access to timely,affordable,and safe surg.cal *** study aims to characterize the burden of disease and outcomes of pediatric surg.cal conditions at Connaug.t Hospital,the main pediatric referral hospital in Sierra *** This retrospective and hospital-based study included children up to 15 years old who were operated on between 2015 and June 2016 at Connaug.t Hospital in Freetown,Sierra *** and inferential statistics were used to characterize the distribution of disease and compare all variables ag.inst ag. categ.ry and *** A total of 215 patients were included in this study of which 72.5%(n=132)were male and 27.5%(n=50)were *** of the patients were diag.osed with cong.nital anomalies(60.9%;n=131).However,infection was the leading.diag.osis(60.5%;n=23)among.patients ag.d 5–10 years(n=38).Ing.inal hernia was the leading.condition(65.0%;n=85)among.patients presenting.with a cong.nital *** condition with the hig.est mortality was infections(17.0%;n=8),followed by other conditions(9.1%;n=2)and cong.nital anomalies(3.1%;n=4).Based on the results of this study,over 7000 children with ing.inal hernias remain untreated annually in Freetown,Sierra *** This study quantifies the burden of surg.cal disease among.children,a foundational step toward the prioritization of pediatric surg.cal care in national health ag.ndas,the development of evidence-based interventions,and the strateg.c allocation of resources in Sierra Leone.

关键词： surg.cal pediatric mortality

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Temporal and spatial comparisons of ang.osperm diversity between eastern Asia and North America

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National Science Review 2022年第6期9卷 38-42页

作者： Haihua Hu Jianfei Ye Bing.Liu Ling.eng.Mao Stephen A.smith Russell L.Barrett pamela S.Soltis Doug.as E.Soltis Zhiduan Chen Limin Lu State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Sino-Africa Joint Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing.Botanical g.rden Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China College of Biology and the Environment Nanjing Forestry University Department of Ecolog. and Evolutionary Biolog. University of Michigan National Herbarium of New South Wales Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Department of Biolog. University of Florida

Comparative approaches that examine floras with similar environments, but different diversity patterns, provide g.od opportunities to elucidate how uneven distributions of biodiversity were assembled. Eastern Asia(EA) and North America north of Mexico(NA; see definitions of EA and NA in Fig. S1 A) share similar g.og.aphical environments with comparable latitude, land area and climate,

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Taylor''s clinical nursing.skills

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1000年

作者： Evans-smith pamela.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Janus kinase inhibitors are potential therapeutics for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Translational Neurodeg.neration 2023年第1期12卷 225-241页

作者： Peter J.Richardson Daniel P.smith Alex de g.org.o Xenia Snetkov Joshua Almond-Thynne Sara Cronin Richard J.Mead Christopher J.McDermott pamela J.Shaw BenevolentAI 4-8 Maple StreetLondon W1T 5HDUK BenevolentAI 15 MetroTech Centre8th FLBrooklynNY 11201USA Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience Faculty of MedicineDentistry and HealthUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustSheffieldUK

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a poorly treated multifactorial neurodeg.nerative disease associated with multiple cell types and subcellular *** with other multifactorial diseases,it is likely that drug. will need to targ.t multiple disease processes and cell types to be *** review here the role of Janus kinase(JAK)/Sig.al transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)sig.alling.in ALS,confirm the association of this sig.alling.with fundamental ALS disease processes using.the BenevolentAI Knowledg. g.aph,and demonstrate that inhibitors of this pathway could reduce the ALS pathophysiolog. in neurons,g.ia,muscle fibres,and blood ***,we sug.est that inhibition of the JAK enzymes by approved inhibitors known as Jakinibs could reduce STAT3 activation and modify the prog.ess of this *** of the Jakinibs hig.lig.ts baricitinib as a suitable candidate due to its ability to penetrate the central nervous system and exert beneficial effects on the immune ***,we recommend that this drug.be tested in appropriately desig.ed clinical trials for ALS.

关键词： Janus kinase STAT3 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Ecolog.cal Impact Asessment and Ecolog.cal Monitoring.of a Strateg.c Landfill-A case study in Hong.Kong

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中山大学学报论丛 1995年第3期15卷 30-39页

作者： Shesang.Shea Lynn smith pamela Saunders (Binnie Consultants Limited, Hong.Kong.

This paper discusses ecolog.cal and monitoring.studies covering.veg.tation, stream fauna, birds, mammals and other vertebrates at the West New Territories (WENT)Landfill, Hong.Kong. Recommendations for the protection of veg.tation on and around the site, including.control of the erosion and run off from the construction site were proposed and implemented, resulting.in effective protection of the local veg.tation cover. Stream macrobenthos were low in species diversity and abundance and did not show a chang.ng.trend during.the construction and the operation of the land fill. Birds attracted to the active dumping.site were dominated by Crested Mynah Acridotheres cristatellus and the Tree Sparrow Passer montanus. After an increase in the population during.the warmer months, the number of birds seen on the land fill site decreased to 10 in December 1994. Mammal monitoring.by live trapping.revealed that the rat population did not increase after the land fill operation started. This project was the first comprehensive’ ecolog.cal study and monitoring.of an urban land fill in Hong.Kong.and it demonstrated that careful environmental planning.and implementation of mitig.tion measures can successfully limit environmental impacts of landfills to acceptable levels.

关键词： Ecolog.cal Impact Asessment and Ecolog.cal Monitoring.of a Strateg.c Landfill-A case study in Hong.Kong MHA case

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全球贸易政策问题与答案

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作者： (美)帕米拉·史密斯(pamela J. smith)

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Tumor microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma:Implications in immunotherapy

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World Journal of g.stroenterolog. 2022年第27期28卷 3297-3313页

作者： Caitlyn smith Wei Zheng.Jixin Dong.Yaohong.Wang.Jinping.Lai Xiuli Liu Feng.Yin Department of Patholog. and Anatomical Sciences University of Missouri School of MedicineColumbiaMO 65212United States Department of Patholog. Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30322United State Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer CenterUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198United States Department of Patholog. Microbiology and ImmunologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37232United States Department of Patholog. and Laboratory Medicine Kaiser Permanente Sacramento Medical CenterSacramentoCA 95825United States Department of Patholog. and Immunolog. Washington UniversitySt.LouisMO 63110United States Department of Patholog. and Anatomical Sciences University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65212United States

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most ag.ressive and lethal *** resection is the only curable treatment option,but it is available for only a small fraction of patients at the time of *** current therapeutic reg.mens,the averag. 5-year survival rate is less than 10%in pancreatic cancer *** has emerg.d as one of the most promising.treatment options for multiple solid tumors of advanced ***,its clinical efficacy is suboptimal in most clinical trials on pancreatic *** studies have sug.ested that the tumor microenvironment is likely the underlying.barrier affecting.immunotherapy drug.efficacy in pancreatic *** this review,we discuss the role of the tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer and the latest advances in immunotherapy on pancreatic cancer.

关键词： Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Tumor microenvironment Immunotherapy Clinical trial Chemotherapy Treatment

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BEH Amide柱:使碳水化合物的分析更简单、快速、高效

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食品安全导刊 2010年第7期 40-41页

作者： Christopher Hudalla Cheryl Boissel Jim Cook Kenneth Fountain pamela Iraneta Paul smith Dan Walsh Kevin Wyndham 沃特世公司化学研发部

碳水化合物的色谱分析对很多行业的研究来说都是非常重要的工作。例如．食品中单糖与二糖的定性定量，由于复杂糖类．糖醇、人造甜味剂与盐皆可形成复杂基质．使分析变得困难；制药行业通常使用简单或复杂的糖类或糖衍生物基质作为起始... 详细信息

碳水化合物的色谱分析对很多行业的研究来说都是非常重要的工作。例如．食品中单糖与二糖的定性定量，由于复杂糖类．糖醇、人造甜味剂与盐皆可形成复杂基质．使分析变得困难；制药行业通常使用简单或复杂的糖类或糖衍生物基质作为起始药物．通过对药物配方中的这些化合物进行分析，可以为生产提供所需要的信息；

关键词：碳水化合物 BEH 药物配方生物基质制药行业人造甜味剂色谱分析定性定量

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Phase 3 trial of first g.neration protease inhibitor therapy for hepatitis C virus/human immunodeficiency virus coinfection

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World Journal of Hepatolog. 2017年第4期9卷 217-223页

作者： Kenneth E Sherman Minhee Kang.Richard Sterling.Triin Umbleja Kristen Marks Jennifer J Kiser Beverly Alston-smith Wayne g.eaves Adeel A Butt 无 Division of Dig.stive Diseases University of Cincinnati College of Medicine harvard T.h. Chan School of Public health Department of g.stroenterolog. Virginia Commonwealth University Division of Infectious Disease Weill Cornell Medical School University of Colorado School of Pharmacy NIAID-Division of AIDS Merck and Co Inc. University of Pittsburg. School of Medicine hamad healthcare Quality Institute the ACTg.5294 BIRTH Study Team

AIMTo evaluate efficacy/safety of hepatitis C virus (HCV) protease inhibitor boceprevir with peg.lated interferon (PEg.IFN) alfa and weig.t-based ribavirin (RBV) in a phase 3 trial. METHODSA prospective, multicenter, phase 3, open-label, sing.e-arm study of PEg.IFN alfa, weig.t-based RBV, and boceprevir, with a PEg.IFN/RBV lead-in phase was performed. The HCV/human immunodeficiency virus coinfected study population included treatment naïve (TN) and treatment experienced (TE) patients. Treatment duration rang.d from 28 to 48 wk dependent upon response-g.ided criteria. All patients had HCV g.notype 1 with a viral load > 10000 IU/mL. Compensated cirrhosis was allowed. Sample size was determined to establish superiority to historical (PEg.IFN plus RBV) rates in sustained viral response (SVR). RESULTSA total of 257 enrolled participants were analyzed (135 TN and 122 TE). In the TN g.oup, 81.5% were male and 54.1% were black. In the TE g.oup, 76.2% were male and 47.5% were white. Overall SVR12 rates (HCV RNA P = 0.002). Among.the TN, SVR12 was 42.1% among.whites and 27.4% among.blacks (P = 0.09). CONCLUSIONThe trial met its hypothesis of improved SVR compared to historical controls but overall SVR rates were low. All-oral HCV treatments will mitig.te these difficulties.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus Hepatitis C virus Boceprevir Peg.lated interferon alfa Ribavirin

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