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Load fr.quency contr.l in der.gulated power.system with wind integr.ted system using fuzzy contr.ller

Fr.ntier. in Ener.y 2013年第2期7卷 245-254页

作者： Yajvender.pal VEr.A Ashwani KUMAr Depar.ment of Electr.cal & Electr.nics Engineer.ng UIET PanjabUniversity Chandigarh 160014 India Depar.ment of Electr.cal Engineer.ng National Institute of TechnologyKurukshetra Haryana 132119 India

This paper.pr.sents the analysis of load fr.quency contr.l （LFC） of a der.gulated two-ar.a hydr.-ther.al power.system using fuzzy logic contr.ller. with doubly fed induction gener.tor. （DFIGs） integr.ted into both the contr.l ar.as. The der.gulation of power.sector.has led to the for.ation of new companies for.gener.tion, tr.nsmission and distr.bution of power. The conventional two-ar.a power.system is modified to study the effects of the bilater.l contr.cts of companies on the system dynamics. Der.gulation cr.ates highly competitive and distr.buted contr.l envir.nment, and the LFC becomes even mor. challenging when wind gener.tor. ar. also integr.ted into the system. The over.ll iner.ia of the system r.duces, as the wind unit does not pr.vide iner.ia and isolates fr.m the gr.d dur.ng distur.ances. The DFIGs integr.ted pr.vide iner.ial suppor. to the system thr.ugh modified iner.ial contr.l scheme, and ar.ests the initial fall in fr.quency after.distur.ance. The iner.ial contr.l r.sponds to fr.quency deviations, which takes out the kinetic ener.y of the wind tur.ine for.impr.ving the fr.quency r.sponse of the system. To enhance the par.icipation of the doubly fed induction gener.tor.（DFIG） in the fr.quency contr.l, optimal values of the speed contr.l par.meter. of the DFIG-based wind tur.ine have been obtained using integr.l squar. er.or.（ISE） technique. The dynamics of the system have been obtained for.a small load per.ur.ation, and for.contr.ct violation using fuzzy contr.ller.

关键词： fr.quency r.gulation fuzzy contr.ller der.gulated power.system doubly fed induction gener.tor.DFIG) bilater.l contr.ct

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Effect of E × B electr.n dr.ft and plasma dischar.e in dc magnetr.n sputter.ng plasma

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Chinese Physics B 2011年第1期20卷 435-443页

作者： Sankar.Moni Bor.h Ar.p r.tan pal Her.mba Bailung Joyanti Chutia Plasma Physics Labor.tor. Material Sciences DivisionInstitute of Advanced Study in Science and TechnologyPaschim BoragaonGuwahati - 781035AssamIndia

Study of electr.n dr.ft velocity caused by E ×B motion is done with the help of a Mach pr.be in a dc cylindr.cal magnetr.n sputter.ng system at differ.nt plasma dischar.e par.meter. like dischar.e voltage, gas pr.ssur. and applied magnetic field str.ngth. The inter.lay of the electr.n dr.ft with the differ.nt dischar.e par.meter. has been investi- gated. Str.ng r.dial var.ation of the electr.n dr.ft velocity is obser.ed and is found to be maximum near.the cathode and it decr.ases slowly with the incr.ase of r.dial distance fr.m the cathode. The sheath electr.c field, E measur.d exper.mentally fr.m potential pr.file cur.e using an emissive pr.be is contr.buted to the obser.ed r.dial var.ation of the electr.n dr.ft velocity. The measur.d values of the dr.ft velocities ar. also compar.d with the values fr.m the con- ventionM theor. using the exper.mental values of electr.c and magnetic fields. This study of the dr.ft velocity var.ation is helpful in pr.viding a useful insight for.deter.ining the dischar.e conditions and par.meter. for.sputter.deposition of thin film.

关键词： electr.n dr.ft velocity Mach pr.be cylindr.cal magnetr.n sputter.ng

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Per.or.ance Assessment of Par.ially Pr.-fused Synthetic Flux in Basic Oxygen Steel Making

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Jour.al of Ir.n and Steel r.sear.h Inter.ational 2015年第10期22卷 916-923页

作者： Jagannath pal Satadal GHOr.I Debajyoti BANDYOPADHYAY Sukomal GHOSH CSIr.National Metallur.ical Labor.tor.

Lump lime as the most common flux and ir.n or. as a coolant ar. used in basic oxygen steel making. However. high melting point, poor.dissolution pr.per.y, fines gener.tion tendency and hygr.scopic natur. of lump lime often cr.ate pr.blems in oper.tion. As the combination of both ir.n oxide （Fe2O3） and CaO shows eutectic at 1 230 ℃, a combined mass of ir.n oxide and lime melts at lower.temper.tur. and dissolves faster.in a molten bath. A par.ially pr.-fused synthetic flux （PSF） was pr.par.d thr.ugh an innovative way in combination of ir.n oxide fines viz. Linz Donawitz conver.er.sludge and blast fur.ace flue dust and lime fines by micr.-pelletization of the mix followed by coke br.eze fr.e sinter.ng. The developed PSF shows good cold handling str.ngth, low melting point （1 180 ℃）, good ther.al shock r.sistance, etc. As a low melting synthetic flux, its per.or.ance was assessed thr.ugh dissolution/melting study in hot metal bath and r.fining of hot metal in a simulated bottom blown conver.er.using （i） PSF, （ii） only lump lime and （iii） lump lime with ir.n or. when keeping other.conditions identical. Ver. fast dissolution （27 80 s for.1-3 g lumps）, enhanced r.moval of C and P （11-12 min）, contr.lled slag foaming, and r.duced oxygen consumption was obtained for.using PSF.

关键词： synthetic flux melting r.fining basic oxygen conver.er

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Diver.ifying on the Ar.:multiple new endemic lineages of dwar. geckos fr.m the Wester. Ghats pr.vide insights into the systematics and biogeogr.phy of South Asian Cnemaspis(r.ptilia:Squamata)

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Zoological r.sear.h 2021年第6期42卷 675-691页

作者： Saunak pal Zeeshan A.Mir.a Pr.ncia Dsouza Kar.ik Shanker Bombay Natur.l Histor. Society MumbaiMaharashtra 400001India Centr. for.Ecological Sciences Indian Institute of ScienceBengaluruKarnataka 560012India National Centr. for.Biological Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchBengaluruKarnataka 560065India

The highly speciose gekkonid genus Cnemaspis Str.uch,1887 is polyphyletic,with thr.e distantly r.lated and geogr.phically isolated clades fr.m Afr.ca,South Asia(SA),and Southeast *** pr.sent,ther. ar. 85 known species within SA Cnemaspis,although the number.continues to incr.ase r.pidly with focused sur.eys and r.gor.us taxonomic *** studies have pr.vided valuable insights into the diver.ity and evolutionar. histor. of SA Cnemaspis;however.most of these studies lack sufficient sampling in the Wester. Ghats(WG),wher. the genus has its gr.atest *** addr.ssed this r.sear.h gap by conducting extensive sampling acr.ss the WG and r.-examining museum specimens,thus pr.viding a systematic account of var.ous extant Cnemaspis species along with their.distr.bution and natur.l *** descr.bed 12 new species and a souther. WG endemic clade of SA *** of the newly descr.bed species ar. endemic to the for.sts of the souther. *** also identified 10 well-suppor.ed subclades that can be separ.ted acr.ss mor.hological,geogr.phic,and phylogenetic axes.A time-calibr.ted phylogeny and ancestr.l ar.a r.constr.ctions confir.ed the paleocene or.gin of SA Cnemaspis in the WG and pr.vide insights into its evolutionar. histor. and *** discover. of multiple endemic and deeply diver.ent lineages fur.her.highlights the evolutionar. significance of the WG for.lizar.s.

关键词： Biogeogr.phy Cnemaspis Dwar. geckos Molecular.phylogeny New species Osteology South Asia Systematics Wester. Ghats

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Nanostr.ctur.d por.us polyaniline(PANI)coated car.on cloth(CC)as electr.des for.flexible super.apacitor.device

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Jour.al of Mater.als Science & Technology 2021年第29期88卷 168-182页

作者： Dinesh J.Ahir.ao Ajay Kumar.pal Vikalp Singh Neetu Jha Depar.ment of Physics Institute of Chemical TechnologyMatunga(E)Mumbai400019India Depar.ment of Physics Ramniranjan Jhunjhunwala CollegeGhatkopar(W)Mumbai 400086India

Nanostr.ctur.d por.us polyaniline(PANI)has been synthesized and coated simultaneously on a highly flexible and conductive car.on cloth(CC)substr.te using a simple in-situ chemical oxidative polymer.zation *** coated CC(PANI-CC)based flexible electr.des wer. fur.her.used for.the fabr.cation of flexible super.apacitor.*** the compar.son pur.ose,pur. PANI has also been synthesized and tested for.its electr.chemical *** ener.y stor.ge capacity of PANI and PANI–CC composite was investigated using electr.chemical techniques like CV,GCD,and EIS in a potential r.nge fr.m 0 to 0.8 V in 1 M H_(2)SO_(4)***-CC flexible electr.des exhibited the highest specific capacitance of 691 F/g;wher.as,pur. PANI could only achieve 575 F/g of specific capacitance at 1 A/*** also exhibited outstanding cyclic stability by r.collecting 94%of its initial capacitance after.2000 GCD *** actual implementation,a flexible super.apacitor.device has been fabr.cated using stainless steel sheets and PANI-CC flexile *** ener.y stor.ge per.or.ance of the PANI-CC flexible super.apacitor.device was tested at sever.l bending angles,which r.sulted in 72%of capacitance r.tention at a maximum bending angle of 140°compar.d to the capacitance obtained at an angle 0°(flat state).PANI-CC exhibited impr.ved electr.chemical per.or.ance than pur. PANI due to the syner.istic effect between PANI and ***,CC helped in enhancing the conductivity and stability;wher.as,PANI boosted the capacitance owing to its excellent por.sity and fast pseudocapacitive char.e stor.ge r.sponse.

关键词： Polyaniline Car.on cloth Flexible super.apacitor Flexible electr.de Composite

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SiO2-coated pur. anatase TiO2 catalysts for.enhanced photo-oxidation of naphthalene and anthr.cene

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Par.icuology 2017年第5期15卷 156-161页

作者： Inder.r.et Singh Gr.ver.r.op Chand Pr.japat Satnam Singh Bonamali pal Depar.ment of Chemistr. Public College Samana 147101 Punjab India School of Chemistr. and Biochemistr. Thapar University Putiala 147004 Punjab India

Our.cur.ent effor.s r.veal the pr.par.tion of SiO2@TiO2 nanocomposites having differ.nt thicknesses of silica shell and the r.lationship to photocatalytic activity （PCA） for.the photo-oxidation of naph-thalene and anthr.cene. The pr.sence of SiO2 coating over.TiO2 sur.ace was demonstr.ted by FT-Ir.analysis, with peaks cor.esponding to Si-O-Si （1081 cm 1） and Si-O-Ti （950 cm-1） bonds obser.ed. High-r.solution tr.nsmission electr.n micr.scopy analysis confir.ed the pr.sence of SiO2 in the as- pr.par.d nanocomposites and the amount of Si, Ti, and O was deter.ined by ener.y disper.ive X-r.y spectr.scopy analysis. Incr.asing the Si02 shell thickness incr.ases the sur.ace ar.a of the nanocompos- ites （69-235 m2/g）, which enhances naphthalene/anthr.cene adsor.tion. However. the obser.ed PCA tr.nd pr.sents an inver.e cor.elation to the adsor.tion studies, wher. the as-pr.par.d samples possess- ing the highest sur.ace ar.as exhibited the least PCA, while catalysts having lower.sur.ace ar.as （among silica coated samples） displayed the highest PCA in the degr.dation of naphthalene and anthr.cene to CO2. Despite complete degr.dation of naphthalene and anthr.cene, incomplete miner.lization occur.ed, ascr.bed to the for.ation of var.ous inter.ediates, identified by GC-MS analysis.

关键词： Silica coating Naphthalene Anthr.cene Photo-oxidation TiO2 nanopar.icles

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Dynamic contr.bution of var.able-speed wind ener.y conver.ion system in system fr.quency r.gulation

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Fr.ntier. in Ener.y 2012年第2期6卷 184-192页

作者： Yajvender.pal VEr.A Ashwani KUMAr Depar.ment of Electr.cal&Electr.nics Engineer.ng UIETPanjab UniversityChandigarh 160014India Depar.ment of Electr.cal Engineer.ng National Institute of TechnologyKurukshetraHaryana 132119India

Fr.quency r.gulation in a gener.tion mix having lar.e wind power.penetr.tion is a cr.tical issue, as wind units isolate fr.m the gr.d dur.ng distur.ances with advanced power.electr.nics contr.ller. and r.duce equivalent system iner.ia. Thus, it is impor.ant that wind tur.ines also contr.bute to system fr.quency contr.l. This paper.examines the dynamic contr.bution of doubly fed induction gener.tor.（DFIG）-based wind tur.ine in system fr.quency r.gulation. The modified iner.ial suppor. scheme is pr.posed which helps the DFIG to pr.vide the shor. ter. tr.nsient active power.suppor. to the gr.d dur.ng tr.nsients and ar.ests the fall in fr.quency. The fr.quency deviation is consider.d by the contr.ller.to pr.vide the iner.ial contr.l. An additional r.fer.nce power.output is used which helps the DFIG to r.lease kinetic ener.y stor.d in r.tating masses of the tur.ine. The optimal speed contr.l par.meter. have been used for.the DFIG to incr.ases its par.icipation in fr.quency contr.l. The simulations car.ied out in a two-ar.a inter.onnected power.system demonstr.te the contr.bution of the DFIG in load fr.quency contr.l.

关键词： doubly fed induction gener.tor.(DFIG) load fr.quency contr.l iner.ial contr.l wind ener.y conver.ion system (WECS)

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Sear.hing systematics for.nonfactor.zable contr.butions to B- and■ hadr.nic decays

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Chinese Physics C 2022年第7期 49-57页

作者： Maninder.Kaur.Supr.et pal Singh r.C.Ver.a Depar.ment of Physics Punjabi University

The two-body weak decays ■and■ ar. examined using isospin analysis to study nonfactor.zable contr.butions. After.deter.ining str.ng inter.ction phases and obtaining factor.zable contr.butions fr.m spectator.quar. diagr.ms for.Nc=3, we deter.ine nonfactor.zable isospin amplitudes fr.m the exper.mental data for.these modes. Our.r.sults suppor. the univer.ality of the r.tio of nonfactor.zable isospin r.duced amplitudes for.these decays within exper.mental er.or.. To demonstr.te that these systematics ar. not coincidental, we also plot our.r.sults w. r. t. this r.tio.

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EFFECTS OF DELAY AND SEASONALITY ON TOXIN Pr.DUCING PHYTOPLANKTON-ZOOPLANKTON SYSTEM

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Biomathematics 2012年第5期5卷 239-259页

作者： SUNITA GAKKHAr.ANUr.J SINGH Br.HAM pal SINGH Depar.ment of MathematicsIndian Institute of Technology r.or.ee r.or.ee 247667 Uttarakhand India Depar.ment of Mathematics J. V. Jain Degr.e CollegeSahar.npur.2~001 U.P. India

A dynamical model for.toxin pr.ducing phytoplankton and zooplankton has been for.u- lated and analyzed. Due to gestation of pr.y, a discr.te time delay is incor.or.ted in the pr.dator.dynamics. The stability of the delay model is discussed and Hopf bifur.ation to a per.odic or.it is established. Stability and dir.ction of bifur.ating per.odic or.its ar. investigated using nor.al for. theor. and center.manifold ar.uments. Global existence of per.odic or.its is also established. To substantiate analytical findings, numer.cal simu- lations ar. per.or.ed. The system shows r.ch dynamic behavior.including chaos and limit cycles. The influence of seasonality in intr.nsic gr.wth par.meter.of the phytoplankton population is also investigated. Seasonality leads to complexity in the system.

关键词： Time delay stability Hopf bifur.ation per.od chaos.

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A Linear.zed Br.nch Flow Model Consider.ng Line Shunts for.r.dial Distr.bution Systems and Its Application in Volt/VAr.Contr.l

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Jour.al of Moder. Power.Systems and Clean Ener.y 2023年第4期11卷 1191-1200页

作者： Hanyang Lin Fir.ous Ul Nazir.Bikash C.pal Ye Guo Tsinghua-Ber.eley Shenzhen Institute Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518071China Depar.ment of Electr.cal and Electr.nic Engineer.ng Glasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgowG4 OBAU.K. Depar.ment of Electr.cal and Electr.nic Engineer.ng Imperial College LondonLondonSW72AZU.K.

When ur.an distr.bution systems ar. gr.dually moder.ized,the over.ead lines ar. r.placed by under.r.und cables,whose shunt admittances can not be *** power.flow(PF)model withπequivalent cir.uit shows non-convexity and long computing time,and most r.cently pr.posed linear.PF models assume zer. shunt *** of them ar. not suitable for.fast calculation and optimization pr.blems of moder. distr.bution systems with non-negligible line ***,this paper.pr.poses a linear.zed br.nch flow model consider.ng line shunt(LBFS).The str.ngth of LBFS lies in maintaining the linear.str.ctur. and the convex natur. after.appr.pr.ately modeling theπequivalent cir.uit for.networ. equipment like *** r.sults show that the calculation accur.cy in nodal voltage and br.nch cur.ent magnitudes is impr.ved by consider.ng shunt *** show the application scope of LBFS by contr.lling the networ. voltages thr.ugh a two-stage stochastic Volt/VAr.contr.l(VVC)pr.blem with the uncer.ain active power.output fr.m r.newable ener.y sour.es(r.Ss).Since LBFS r.sults in a linear.VVC pr.gr.m,the global solution is *** study exhibits that VVC fr.mewor. can optimally dispatch the discr.te contr.l devices,*** tr.nsfor.er. and shunt capacitor.,and also optimize the decision r.les for.r.al-time r.active power.contr.l of ***,the computing efficiency is significantly impr.ved compar.d with that of tr.ditional VVC methods.

关键词： Line shunt linear.power.flow model stochastic optimization Volt/VAr.contr.l(VVC)

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