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A review on the Advancement of renewable Natural Fiber Hybrid composites: prospects, challenges, and Industrial Applications

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Journal of renewable Materials 2024年第7期12卷 1237-1290页

作者： Mohammed Mohammed jawad K.Oleiwi Aeshah M.Mohammed Anwar.ja’afar Mohamad jawad Azlin F.Osman Tijjani Adam Bashir O.Betar Subash c.B.Gopinath center of Excellence Geopolymer&Green Technology(cEGeoGTech) Universiti Malaysia PerlisArau02600Malaysia Faculty of chemical Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Perlis(UniMAP)Arau02600Malaysia Department of Materials Engineering University of TechnologyBaghdad10070Iraq Department of chemical Materials University of Bagdad College of Education for Pure Science Ibn-AlhaithamBaghdad10001Iraq Department of computer Techniques Engineering Al-Rafidain University CollegeBaghdad10001Iraq Faculty of Electronics Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia PerlisKampus Uniciti Alam Sg.ChuchuhPerlis02100Malaysia research center(NANOcAT) University of MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering Universiti Malaysia PerlisPerlis01000Malaysia center for Global Health research Saveetha Medical College&HospitalSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences(SIMATS)Tamil Nadu602105India

Naturalﬁbre(NFr)reinforced functional polymer composites are quickly becoming an indispensable sustainable material in the transportation industry because of their lightweight,lower cost in manufacture,and adaptability to a wide variety of ***,the major difﬁculties of using theseﬁbres are their existing poor dimensional stability and the extreme *** assessing the mechanical properties(Mp)of composites,the interfacial bonding(IB)happening between the NFr and the polymer matrix(pM)plays an incredibly signiﬁcant *** compared to NFr/syntheticﬁbre hybrid composites,hybrid composites(Hc)made up of two separate NFr are less prevalent;yet,these hybrid composites also have the potential to be valuable materials in terms of environmental issues.A new dimension to theﬂexibility of composites reinforced with NFr is added by the cost-effective manufacture of hybrid composites utilising *** purpose of this study is to offer an over-view of the keyﬁndings that were presented on hybrid *** emphasis was focused on the factors that inﬂuence the performance of the naturalﬁber composites,diverse approaches to enhancing Mp,physical,electri-cal,and thermal characteristics of the *** study in polymer science gains interest for applications in con-struction and automotive industries.

关键词： renewable naturalﬁber hybrid composites sustainability nanomaterial greener material

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Amplitude analysis of the decays D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(+)π^(−)and D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(0)π^(0)

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chinese physics c 2024年第8期48卷 6-33页

作者： M.Ablikim M.N.Achasov p.Adlarson O.Afedulidis X.c.Ai r.Aliberti A.Amoroso Q.An Y.Bai O.Bakina I.Balossino Y.Ban H.-r.Bao V.Batozskaya K.Begzsuren N.Berger M.Berlowski M.Bertani D.Bettoni F.Bianchi E.Bianco A.Bortone I.Boyko r.A.Briere A.Brueggemann H.cai X.cai A.calcaterra G.F.cao N.cao S.A.cetin J.F.chang W.L.chang G.r.che G.chelkov c.chen c.H.chen chao chen G.chen H.S.chen M.L.chen S.J.chen S.L.chen S.M.chen T.chen X.r.chen X.T.chen Y.B.chen Y.Q.chen Z.J.chen Z.Y.chen S.K.choi X.chu G.cibinetto F.cossio J.J.cui H.L.Dai J.p.Dai A.Dbeyssi r.E.de Boer D.Dedovich c.Q.Deng Z.Y.Deng A.Denig I.Denysenko M.Destefanis F.De Mori B.Fang S.S.Fang W.X.Fang Y.Fang Y.Q.Fang r.Farinelli L.Fava F.Feldbauer G.Felici c.Q.Feng J.H.Feng Y.T.Feng K.Fischer M.Fritsch c.D.Fu J.L.Fu Y.W.Fu H.Gao Y.N.Gao Yang Gao S.Garbolino I.Garzia p.T.Ge Z.W.Ge c.Geng E.M.Gersabeck B.Ding X.X.Ding Y.Ding Y.Ding J.Dong L.Y.Dong M.Y.Dong X.Dong M.c.Du S.X.Du Z.H.Duan p.Egorov Y.H.Fan J.Fang ja.Gilman K.Goetzen L.Gong W.X.Gong W.Gradl S.Gramigna M.Greco M.H.Gu Y.T.Gu c.Y.Guan Z.L.Guan A.Q.Guo L.B.Guo M.J.Guo r.p.Guo Y.p.Guo A.Guskov J.Gutierrez K.L.Han T.T.Han X.Q.Hao F.A.Harris K.K.He K.L.He F.H.Heinsius c.H.Heinz Y.K.Heng c.Herold T.Holtmann p.c.Hong G.Y.Hou X.T.Hou Y.r.Hou Z.L.Hou B.Y.Hu H.M.Hu J.F.Hu T.Hu Y.Hu G.S.Huang K.X.Huang L.Q.Huang X.T.Huang Y.p.Huang T.Hussain F.H\"olzken N.H\"usken N.in der Wiesche M.Irshad J.jackson S.janchiv J.H.Jeong Q.Ji Q.p.Ji W.Ji X.B.Ji X.L.Ji Y.Y.Ji X.Q.Jia Z.K.Jia D.Jiang H.B.Jiang p.c.Jiang S.S.Jiang T.J.Jiang X.S.Jiang Y.Jiang J.B.Jiao J.K.Jiao Z.Jiao S.Jin Y.Jin M.Q.Jing X.M.Jing T.Johansson S.Kabana N.Kalantar-Nayestanaki X.L.Kang X.S.Kang M.Kavatsyuk B.c.Ke V.Khachatryan A.Khoukaz r.Kiuchi O.B.Kolcu B.Kopf M.Kuessner X.Kui A.Kupsc W.K\"uhn J.J.Lane p.Larin L.Lavezzi T.T.Lei Z.H.Lei H.Leithoff M.Lellmann T.Lenz c.Li c.Li c.H.Li cheng Li D.M.Li F.Li G.Li H.Li H.B.Li H.J.Li H.N.Li Hui Li J.r.Li J.S.Li K.Li L.J.Li L.K.Li Lei Li M.H.Li p.r.Li Q.M.Li Q.X.Li r.Li S.X.Li T.Li W.D.Li W.G.Li X.Li X.H.Li X.L.Li X.Y.Li Y Institute of High Energy physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Beihang University Beijing 100191China Bochum ruhr-University D-44780 BochumGermany Budker Institute of Nuclear physics SB rAS(BINp) Novosibirsk 630090Russia carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPennsylvania 15213USA central china Normal University Wuhan 430079China central South University Changsha 410083China china center of Advanced Science and Technology Beijing 100190China china University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074China chung-Ang University Seoul06974Republic of Korea cOMSATS University Islamabad Lahore CampusDefence RoadOff Raiwind Road54000 LahorePakistan Fudan University Shanghai 200433China GSI Helmholtzcentre for Heavy Ion research GmbH D-64291 DarmstadtGermany Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004China Guangxi University Nanning 530004China Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 310036China Hebei University Baoding 071002China Helmholtz Institute Mainz Staudinger Weg 18D-55099 MainzGermany Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007China Henan University Kaifeng 475004China Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471003China Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001China Huangshan college Huangshan 245000China Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081China Hunan University Changsha 410082China Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036India Indiana University BloomingtonIndiana 47405USA INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati INFN Laboratori Nazionali di FrascatiI-00044FrascatiItaly INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati INFN Sezione di PerugiaI-06100PerugiaItaly INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati University of PerugiaI-06100PerugiaItaly INFN Sezione di Ferrara INFN Sezione di FerraraI-44122FerraraItaly INFN Sezione di Ferrara University of FerraraI-44122FerraraItaly Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021China Institute of Modern physics Lanzhou 730000China Institute of physics and Technology Peace Avenue 54BUlaanbaatar 13330Mongolia Instituto de A

Using e^(+)e^(−)annihilation data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb^(−1)taken at the center-of-mass energy√s=3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector,a joint amplitude analysis is performed on the decays D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(+)π^(−)and D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(0)π^(0)(non-η).The fit fractions of individual components are obtained,and large interferences among the dominant components of the decays D^(0)→a_(1)(1260)π,D^(0)→π(1300)π,D^(0)→ρ(770)ρ(770),and D^(0)→2(ππ)_(S)are observed in both *** the obtained amplitude model,the cp-even fractions of D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(+)π^(−)and D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(0)π^(0)(non-η)are determined to be(75.2±1.1_(stat).±1.5_(syst.))%and(68.9±1.5_(stat).±2.4_(syst.))%,*** branching fractions of D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(+)π^(−)and D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(0)π^(0)(non-η)are measured to be(0.688±0.010_(stat.)±0.010_(syst.))%and(0.951±0.025_(stat.)±0.021_(syst.))%,*** amplitude analysis provides an important model for the binning strategy in measuring the strong phase parameters of D^(0)→4πwhen used to determine the cKM angleγ(ϕ_(3))via the B^(−)→DK^(−)decay.

关键词： BESIII D^(0)meson decays amplitude analysis cp-even fraction

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A signaling cascade mediating fruit trait development via phosphorylation-modulated nuclear accumulation of jaZ repressor

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2024年第6期66卷 1106-1125页

作者： Wei Wang Jinyao Ouyang Yating Li changsheng Zhai Bing He Huahan Si Kunsong chen Jocelyn K.c.rose Wensuo Jia college of Horticulture China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China college of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang UniversityZijingang CampusHangzhou 310058China plant Biology Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthaca14853NYUSA Institute of Horticulture crops Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesUrumqi 830000China

It is generally accepted that jasmonate-ZIM domain(jaZ)repressors act to mediate jasmonate(ja)signaling via cOrONATINE-INSENSITIVE1(cOI1)-mediated ***,we report a cryptic signaling cascade where a jaZ repressor,FvjaZ12,mediates multiple signaling inputs via phosphorylation-modulated subcellular translocation rather than the cOI1-mediated degradation mechanism in strawberry(Fragaria vesca).FvjaZ12 acts to regulate flavor metabolism and defense response,and was found to be the target of Fv MpK6,a mitogen-activated protein kinase that is capable of responding to multiple signal ***6 phosphorylates FvjaZ12 at the amino acid residues S179 and T183 adjacent to the pY residues,thereby attenuating its nuclear accumulation and relieving its repression for FvMYc2,which acts to control the expression of lipoxygenase 3(FvLOX3),an important gene involved in ja biosynthesis and a diverse array of cellular *** data reveal a previously unreported mechanism for.ja signaling and decipher a signaling cascade that links multiple signaling inputs with fruit trait development.

关键词： defense response jaZ repressor phosphorylation strawberry subcellular translocation

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In vitro evaluation of native entomopathogenic fungi and neem(Azadiractha indica)extracts on Spodoptera frugiperda

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phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2019年第1期88卷 47-54页

作者： Hernandez-Trejo A B Estrada-Drouaillet ja Lopez-Santillan c rios-Velasco SE Varela-Fuentes r rodriguez-Herrera E Osorio-Hernandez postgraduate Studies and research Division Autonomous University of TamaulipasSchool of Engineering and Sciences.Centro Universitario Adolfo Lopez MateosCd.VictoriaTamaulipasC.P.87000Mexico center for research in Food and Development A.C.Cuauhtemoc Unit.Laboratory of Postharvest PhysiologyPlant Pathology and Biological Control.Av.Rio Conchos s/n Industrial ParkCd.CuauhtemocChihuahuaC.P.31570Mexico School of chemistry Autonomous University of CoahuilaBlvd.V.Carranza y Jose Cardenas s/nSaltilloCoahuilaC.P.25000Mexico

The control of Spodoptera frugiperda is based on synthetic insecticides,so some alternatives are the use of entomopathogenic fungi(EF)and neem *** objective of the study was to evaluate in vitro effectiveness of native EF and neem extracts on *** *** EF were identified by DNA sequencing of ITS regions from three EF(Fusarium solani,Metarrhizium robertsii,Nigrospora spherica and penicillium citrinum).They were evaluated in concentrations of 1×10⁸spores/*** addition,a second bioassay was carried out evaluating only ***,*** and *** and the addition of vegetable *** the other hand,extraction of secondary metabolites from neem seed(Azadirachta indica)was carried out by performing,mass(g)and solvent volume(mL ethanol and water)combinations,which were subjected to microwaves and ***,these extracts were evaluated in concentrations of 3%,4%and 5%.A survival analysis was performed for each of the *** respect to the results of the first bioassay,*** obtained a probability of survival of 0.476 on the seventh day,while in the second bioassay,*** obtained 0.488 survival *** suggests that the expected percentage of larvae that stay alive on the sixth day is 48.8%.However,in the evaluation of the neem extract the combination 1:12/70%to 4%caused 84% mortality of *** use of native HE and neem extracts has potential for the control of ***.

关键词： Bioinsecticide Biological control Fall armyworm Extracts Seed.

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comparison of carbon-stock changes, eddycovariance carbon fluxes and model estimates in coastal Douglas-fir stands in British columbia

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Forest Ecosystems 2015年第2期2卷 104-122页

作者： colin J Ferster.ja (Tony) Trofymow Nicholas c coops Baozhang chen Thomas Andrew Black Department of Forest resources Management University of British Columbia canadian Forest Service (pacific Forestry centre) Natural Resources Canada Department of Biology University of Victoria Faculty of Land and Food Systems University of British Columbia

Background： The global network of eddy-covariance （Ec） flux-towers has improved the understanding of the terrestrial carbon （c） cycle, however, the network has a relatively limited spatial extent compared to forest inventory data and plots. Developing methods to use inventory-based and Ec flux measurements together with modeling approaches is necessary evaluate forest c dynamics across broad spatial extents. Methods： changes in c stock change （Ac） were computed based on repeated measurements of forest inventory plots and compared with separate measurements of cumulative net ecosystem productivity （~NEp） over four years （2003 - 2006） for Douglas-fir （pseudotsuga menzies# var menziesil} dominated regeneration （HDF00）, juvenile （HDF88 and HDF90） and near-rotation （DF49） aged stands （6, 18, 20, 57 years old in 2006, respectively） in coastal British columbia. Ac was determined from forest inventory plot data alone, and in a hybrid approach using inventory data along with litter fall data and published decay equations to determine the change in detrital pools. These Ac-based estimates were then compared with Y_NEp measured at an eddy-covariance flux-tower （Ec-flux） and modelled by the carbon Budget Model - canadian Forest Sector （cBM-cFS3） using historic forest inventory and forest disturbance data. Footprint analysis was used with remote sensing, soils and topography data to evaluate how well the inventory plots represented the range of stand conditions within the area of the flux-tower footprint and to spatially scale the plot data to the area of the Ec-flux and model based estimates, results： The closest convergence among methods was for the juvenile stands while the largest divergences were for the regenerating clearcut, followed by the near-rotation stand. At the regenerating clearcut, footprint weighting of cBM-cFS3 TNEp increased convergence with Ec flux Z_NEp, but not for Ac. While spatial scaling and footprint weighting did not increase convergence for Ac, they d

关键词： Forest carbon Micrometeorology Blometry remote sensing Geographic information systems

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不同益生菌对亚东鲑生长性能和生化指标的影响

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西南农业学报 2024年第5期37卷 1116-1123页

作者：何文佳王万良张忭忭西藏自治区农牧科学院水产科学研究所拉萨850000 西藏土著鱼类繁育与利用技术工程研究中心拉萨850000 西藏自治区渔业与种质资源利用重点实验室拉萨850000 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所上海200090

【目的】旨在探讨饲料中添加不同益生菌对亚东鲑(Salmo trutta)生长性能、消化酶活性和血清生化指标的影响。【方法】选择初始体质量为(84.57±1.83)g的亚东鲑鱼种630尾,随机分成7组,每组3个平行,每个平行30尾。对照组投喂基础饲料,实... 详细信息

【目的】旨在探讨饲料中添加不同益生菌对亚东鲑(Salmo trutta)生长性能、消化酶活性和血清生化指标的影响。【方法】选择初始体质量为(84.57±1.83)g的亚东鲑鱼种630尾,随机分成7组,每组3个平行,每个平行30尾。对照组投喂基础饲料,实验组分别添加不同益生菌(酵母菌、EM菌、乳酸菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、复合芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌)至基础饲料,饲养3个月。【结果】添加不同益生菌对亚东鲑都具有促生长作用,试验组体长增长率、增重率、特定生长率、食物转化率和摄食率等指标均显著高于对照组(pc3和溶菌酶指标差异不显著(p>0.05),而其他菌组之间均有不同程度影响。【结论】综合考虑存活率、生长特性、消化酶活性和血清生化指标,添加EM菌对亚东鲑健康养殖效果较好。

关键词：亚东鲑益生菌生长性能生化指标

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Sensitivity to combustible Gas for ZnO Thin Films

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 1997年第4期13卷 302-305页

作者： Tan, GL Wu, ja Wu, XJ Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

A fine polycrystalline ZnO thin film with 0.3 similar to 0.6 mu m grain size was obtained by sol-gel process and a consequential heat treatment at 500 degrees c. The process of preparing ZnO thin film was analysed. The sensitivity and conductivity of ZnO thin films as combustible gas (cO, cH4, H-2) sensor as well as the influence of catalyst and pH value of the precursor on its sensitivity were studied in detail. The structure characteristics of ZnO thin film by different process were investigated by X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and photoelectron spectrometer. The atomic ratio of Zn to O on the surface of ZnO thin film was found to be 1.14:1 measured from XpS result. The conductivity of the thin film increases greatly when doped with Al3+ ion but decreases while doped with Na+ ion.

关键词： Zinc oxide

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An accelerated K-means clustering algorithm using selection and erasure rules

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science c(computers and Electronics) 2012年第10期13卷 761-768页

作者： Suiang-Shyan LEE ja-chen LIN Department of computer Science National Chiao Tung University

The K-means method is a well-known clustering algorithm with an extensive range of applications,such as biological classification,disease analysis,data mining,and image ***,the plain K-means method is not fast when the number of clusters or the number of data points becomes large.A modified K-means algorithm was presented by Fahim et al.(2006).The modified algorithm produced clusters whose mean square error was very similar to that of the plain K-means,but the execution time was *** this study,we try to further increase its *** are two rules in our method:a selection rule,used to acquire a good candidate as the initial center to be checked,and an erasure rule,used to delete one or many unqualified centers each time a specified condition is *** clustering results are identical to those of Fahim et al.(2006).However,our method further cuts computation time when the number of clusters *** mathematical reasoning used in our design is included.

关键词： K-means clustering Acceleration Vector quantization Selection Erasure

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山楂叶总黄酮通过mir-21a-5p对血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的心肌细胞肥大的影响

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中国临床药理学杂志 2024年第15期40卷 2182-2186页

作者：田林燕朱冉代聚平王佳佳张斌南阳医学高等专科学校内科教研室河南南阳473000 南阳医学高等专科学校临床实训室河南南阳473000 南阳医学高等专科学校第一附属医院心血管内科河南南阳473000 南阳医学高等专科学校第一附属医院病理科河南南阳473000

目的探讨山楂叶总黄酮对血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)诱导的心肌肥大的影响,及其可能作用机制。方法将H9c2细胞分为对照组(正常培养),模型组(100 nmol·L^(-1)AngⅡ处理24 h),低、中、高剂量实验组(先给予100 nmol·L^(-1)AngⅡ处理24 h后,再分... 详细信息

目的探讨山楂叶总黄酮对血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)诱导的心肌肥大的影响,及其可能作用机制。方法将H9c2细胞分为对照组(正常培养),模型组(100 nmol·L^(-1)AngⅡ处理24 h),低、中、高剂量实验组(先给予100 nmol·L^(-1)AngⅡ处理24 h后,再分别给予25、50、100 mg·L^(-1)的山楂叶总黄酮处理24 h),anti-mir-Nc、anti-mir-21a-5p组(分别转染anti-mir-Nc、anti-mir-21a-5p后,给予100 nmol·L^(-1)AngⅡ处理24 h),mir-Nc+高剂量组和mir-21a-5p+高剂量组(分别转染mir-Nc、mir-21a-5p mimics,再给予100 nmol·L^(-1)AngⅡ+100 mg·L^(-1)山楂叶总黄酮各处理24 h)。用ccK-8法和流式细胞术检测细胞活力和凋亡情况,用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应法检测mir-21a-5p的表达水平,用蛋白质印迹法检测环氧化酶-2(cOX2)/前列腺素E2(pGE2)的表达水平。结果对照组、模型组和高剂量实验组的细胞活力分别为1.03±0.09、0.51±0.05和0.93±0.08,凋亡率分别为(7.69±0.61)%、(23.04±1.82)%和(9.43±0.71)%,mir-21a-5p表达水平分别为1.00±0.09、2.43±0.18和1.09±0.08,cOX2蛋白相对表达水平分别为0.42±0.03、0.85±0.08和0.40±0.04,pGE2蛋白相对表达水平分别为0.34±0.03、0.75±0.07和0.35±0.03,模型组的上述指标与高剂量实验组和对照组相比,在统计学上差异均有统计学意义(均pr-Nc组、anti-mir-21a-5p组、mir-Nc+高剂量组和mir-21a-5p+高剂量组的细胞活力分别为0.52±0.04、1.12±0.08、0.94±0.09和0.57±0.04,凋亡率分别为(23.04±1.82)%、(9.86±0.73)%、(9.47±0.64)%和(24.96±1.94)%,mir-21a-5p表达水平分别为1.00±0.10、0.43±0.04、1.00±0.09和2.12±0.18,cOX2蛋白相对表达水平分别为0.86±0.05、0.39±0.04、0.41±0.03、0.78±0.07,pGE2蛋白相对表达水平分别为0.74±0.06、0.38±0.07、0.36±0.02、0.71±0.05,anti-mir-21a-5p组的上述指标与anti-mir-Nc组比较,mir-21a-5p+高剂量组的上述指标与mir-Nc+高剂量组比较,在统计学上差异均有统计学意义(均pr-21a-5p和cOX2/pGE2通路的表达,从而抑制AngⅡ诱导的心肌肥大。

关键词：山楂叶总黄酮心肌肥大血管紧张素Ⅱ 细胞增殖凋亡

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Fractures around the shoulder in the skeletally immature:A scoping review

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世界骨科杂志:英文版 2023年第8期14卷 604-611页

作者： Tim Kraal peter AA Struijs Lisette c Langenberg christiaan ja van Bergen Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Amsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdam 1105 AZNetherlands Department of Orthopedic Surgery NoordWest ZiekenhuisgroepAlkmaar 1815 JDNetherlands Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s HospitalRotterdam 3015 GDNetherlands Department of Orthopedic Surgery AmphiaBreda 4818 CKNetherlands

Fractures around the shoulder girdle in children are mainly caused by sports *** clavicle and the proximal humerus are most commonly *** the clavicle and the proximal humerus have a remarkable potential for remodeling,which is why most of these fractures in children can be treated ***,the key is to understand when a child benefits from surgical *** indications for surgery of these fractures are *** review focuses on the available evidence on the management of clavicle and proximal humerus fractures in *** only strict indications for surgery for diaphyseal clavicle fractures in children are open fractures,tenting of the skin with necrosis,associated neurovascular injury,or a floating *** is no evidence to argue for surgery of displaced clavicle fractures to prevent malunion since most malunions are *** the rare case of a symptomatic malunion of the clavicle in children,corrective osteosynthesis is a viable treatment *** proximal humerus fractures in children,treatment is dictated by the patient's age(and thus remodeling potential)and the amount of fracture *** ten years of age,even severely displaced fractures can be treated *** the age of 13 and onwards,surgery has better outcomes for severely displaced(Neer types III and IV)*** 10 and 13 years of age,the indications for surgical treatment are less clear,with varying cut-off values of angulation(30-60 degrees)or displacement(1/3–2/3 shaft width)in the current literature.

关键词： clavicle fracture proximal humerus fracture pediatric Skeletally immature children Shoulder

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