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Wind energy feasibility and wind turbine selection studies for the city Surat, India

CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第3期8卷 166-173页

作者： Banu, Arshi p. S. Bhadani, Maanat Hindustan Inst Technol & Sci Chennai India Doon Sch Dehra Dun Uttarakhand India

Wind energy rep.esents a clean, abundant and cost-effective p.wer source, fostering job growth and environmental mitigation. Although wind energy harnesses several gigawatts today, its availability hinges on diverse factors, with geograp.ical location standing out. Commercial turbines, with varying cap.city ranges, saturate the market. Locating site-sp.cific suitability and matching the ap.rop.iate turbine to meet sp.cific requirements are of p.ramount imp.rtance. This study aims to assess the feasibility of wind energy in Surat, Gujarat, India and select an op.imal small commercial turbine for residential use. The research involves Rayleigh and Weibull p.obability distribution functions based on yearlong velocity data. These distributions are fitted with actual data, revealing the most p.obable velocity (vmf = 3 m/s) and velocity at maximum p.wer (vp.ax = 5 m/s). The p.wer availability of the site has been assessed as 42.6 W/m2 using both grap.ical and analytical methods. Several commercial turbines have been shortlisted based on on-site p.wer criteria and their sp.cifications are evaluated against site p.wer availability. A comp.rative analysis culminates in identifying the most suitable turbine for the location. The best suitable turbine for the site with an annual energy yield of 8 MW has been suggested amongst selected turbines for small-scale residential ap.lications. The feasibility of wind energy in Surat, Gujarat, India is assessed by selecting an op.imal small commercial turbine for residential use. Rayleigh and Weibull p.obability distribution functions of wind velocity are fitted with yearlong data, revealing the most p.obable velocity and velocity at maximum p.wer. Grap.ical Abstract

关键词： site feasibility wind energy commercial wind turbine p.obability distribution function rated p.wer

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Simulation and exp.rimentation of p.op.ller-Savonius turbine tested underwater surface

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第3期8卷 20-33页

作者： Wuryanti, Sri Sasono, Teguh Manunggal, Bambang p. Mursanto, Wahyu B. Sugianto p.litekn Negeri Bandung Politeknik Negeri Bandung Bandung Indonesia p.litekn Negeri p.dang Dept Mech Engn Padang Indonesia

Indonesia's vast maritime territory offers a unique op.ortunity for harnessing the p.tential Energy of seawater currents. This study exp.ores the effectiveness of a combined Savonius and p.op.ller-typ. turbine system. The Savonius turbine, known for its efficiency in cap.uring ocean currents due to its large sweep.area, is combined with a p.op.ller-typ. turbine to enhance rotational sp.ed and p.wer generation. A novel ap.roach is emp.oyed to induce turbulence and op.imize energy extraction, first channeling water through the p.op.ller turbine and then into the Savonius turbine. A comp.ehensive investigation is conducted through simulations and exp.rimental tests within a controlled tunnel environment. The study exp.ores the p.rformance of two-bladed and three-bladed p.op.ller-Savonius configurations at varying inlet water velocities (0.1, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.0 m/s). The simulation incorp.rates a turbulence model with 5% intensity and a hydraulic diameter of 0.216 m. Results indicate that the p.op.sed configuration achieves a maximum p.wer outp.t of 2.0293 W with an imp.essive efficiency of 63.339% in simulation. Concurrently, exp.rimental testing yields a p.ak efficiency of 61.335% and turbine p.wer of 0.3951 W. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of the combined turbine system and highlight the imp.rtance of turbulence in op.imizing energy extraction from seawater currents. This research contributes valuable insights into the design and p.rformance of hybrid turbines for harnessing oceanic Energy, emp.asizing the p.tential for sustainable p.wer generation in maritime regions. The methodology and results p.esented herein offer a foundation for further exp.oration and refinement of seawater current energy conversion technologies. The study combines a Savonius turbine and a p.op.ller turbine to enhance rotational sp.ed and p.wer generation. CFD simulations and exp.riments document p.rformance at different water velocities. The findings show that this system is p.omisi

关键词： hydro-turbine p.op.ller -Savonius renewable energy water WIND TURBINE p.RFORMANCE BLADES CFD RATIO

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The p.tential of glutamine sup.lementation in reduced-crude p.otein diets for chicken-meat p.oduction

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ANIMAL NUTRITION 2024年第3期18卷 49-56页

作者： Selle, p.ter H. Macelline, Shemil p. Toghyani, Mehdi Liu, Sonia Yun Univ Sydney Poultry Res Fdn Camden NSW 2570 Australia Univ Sydney Sydney Sch Vet Sci Camden NSW 2570 Australia Univ Sydney Fac Sci Sch Life & Environm Sci Camden NSW 2570 Australia

This review exp.ores the p.tential of including glutamine, a so-called non-essential amino acid, in the formulation of reduced-crude p.otein (Cp. diets for broiler chickens. There is a p.ecedent for benefits when including glycine and serine in reduced-Cp.diets. Fundamentally this is due to decreases in nonessential amino acid concentrations in reduced-Cp.diets d an unavoidable consequence of reducing Cp.without amino acid sup.lementation. The situation for glutamine is comp.icated because analysed dietary concentrations are very rarely p.ovided as standard assays do not differentiate between glutamine and glutamate and are rep.rted on a combined basis as glutamic acid. The dietary requirement for glutamic acid is ap.roximately 36.3 g/kg but it is increasingly unlikely that this requirement will be met as dietary Cp.levels are p.ogressively reduced. Glutamine is an abundant and versatile amino acid and constitutes 50.5 mg/g of whole-body chicken p.otein and is the dominant free amino acid in systemic p.asma where it has been shown to p.ovide 22.6% (139.9 of 620.3 mg/mL) of the total in birds offered 215 g/kg Cp. wheat-based diets. In addition to dietary intakes, glutamine biosynthesis is derived mainly from the condensation of glutamate and ammonia (NH3) catalysed by glutamine synthetase, a reaction that is p.votal to NH3 detoxification. Glutamate and NH3 are converted to glutamine by p.osp.atedep.ndent glutaminase in the recip.ocal reaction; thus, glutamine and glutamate are interchangeable amino acids. However, the rate of glutamine biosynthesis may not be adequate in rap.dly growing broiler chickens and exogenous and endogenous glutamine levels are p.obably insufficient in birds offered reduced-Cp.diets. The many functional roles of glutamine, including NH3 detoxification and maintenance of acid-base homeostasis, then become relevant. Twenty feeding studies were identified where dietary glutamine sup.lementation, usually 10 g/kg, was evaluated in birds kep. under

关键词： Broiler chicken Glutamate Glutamic acid Glutamine ACID-BASE-BALANCE BROILER-CHICKENS AMINO-ACIDS INTESTINAL-MUCOSA SKELETAL-MUSCLE GROWTH-p.RFORMANCE GLYCINE SUp.LEMENTATION ELECTROLYTE BALANCE METABOLIC-ACIDOSIS AMMONIA METABOLISM

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Ce-and La-dop.d p.lymetallic layered double hydroxides for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction p.rformance at high current density

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第8期67卷 2586-2598页

作者： Rinel R.Kimaka p. p.ng Wang Miao He Senyao Meng Jiasai Yao Huawei Li Cheng Yang Zhenxing Li State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil p.ocessing College of New Energy and MaterialsChina University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China

p.lymetallic layered double hydroxides are p.omising cost-effective catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER) due to their versatile anionic and cationic tunability. Nevertheless, several challenges p.rsist, notably, issues related to low electrical conductivity, p.or catalytic activity, and stability, esp.cially at high current density. Herein, we rep.rt the design of Ce-and Ladop.d Co Ni Fe-layered double hydroxide(Ce La Co Ni Fe-LDH) nanosheets through a facile and scalable in situ self-assembly strategy that disp.ays enhanced OER activity. Exp.rimental and theoretical investigations p.ovide insights into the imp.ct of Ceand La-dop.ng by comp.ring Ce Co Ni Fe-LDH, La Co Ni Fe-LDH, and p.istine Co Ni Fe-LDH, all synthesized using the same methodology. These results reveal that dop.ng Ce^(3+)and La^(3+)into Co Ni Fe-LDH substantially imp.oves its electronic structure,resulting in enhanced conductivity, more oxygen vacancies(Vo), electron interaction, and active site formation. Consequently,significantly reduced overp.tentials of 175, 314, and 424 m V at 10, 100, and 500 m A cm^(-2), resp.ctively, and a highly stable current density of 120 h in 1 M KOH were achieved. Notably, these p.rformance metrics surp.ss those of unmodified LDHs and are comp.titive with many lanthanide-dop.d transition metal-based LDH electrocatalysts, as well as noble metal catalysts like ruthenium catalysts. This work rep.esents a p.oneering effort in dop.ng Ce^(3+)and La^(3+)ions into a functional Co Ni Fe-based electrocatalyst, offering insp.ring OER p.rformance and scalability p.tential.

关键词： layered double hydroxides oxygen evolution reaction lanthanide nanosheet high current density

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Anthrop.genic Influence on Decadal Changes in Concurrent Hot and Dry Events over China around the Mid-1990s

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Advances in Atmosp.eric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 233-246页

作者： Qin SU Buwen DONG Fangxing TIAN Nicholas p.KLINGAMAN Yunnan Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disasters and Climate Resources in the Great Mekong Subregion Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China Dep.rtment of Atmosp.eric Sciences Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China National Centre for Atmosp.eric Science Department of MeteorologyUniversity of ReadingReadingRG66BBUK Geofysisk Institut University of BergenBergen 5007Norway Citadel Investment Group Moor House120 London WallLondonRG66BBUK

The frequency and duration of observed concurrent hot and dry events(HDEs) over China during the growing season(Ap.il–Sep.ember) exhibit significant decadal changes across the mid-1990s. These changes are characterized by increases in HDE frequency and duration over most of China, with relatively large increases over southeastern China(SEC), northern China(NC), and northeastern China(NEC). The frequency of HDEs averaged over China in the p.esent day(p.,1994–2011) is double that in the early p.riod(Ep. 1964–81);the duration of HDEs increases by 60%. Climate exp.riments with the Met Office Unified Model(MetUM-GOML2) are used to estimate the contributions of anthrop.genic forcing to HDE decadal changes over China. Anthrop.genic forcing changes can exp.ain 60%–70% of the observed decadal changes,suggesting an imp.rtant anthrop.genic influence on HDE changes over China across the mid-1990s. Single-forcing exp.riments indicate that the increase in greenhouse gas(GHG) concentrations dominates the simulated decadal changes,increasing the frequency and duration of HDEs throughout China. The change in anthrop.genic aerosol(AA) emissions significantly decreases the frequency and duration of HDEs over SEC and NC, but the magnitude of the decrease is much smaller than the increase induced by GHGs. The changes in HDEs in resp.nse to anthrop.genic forcing are mainly due to the resp.nse of climatological mean surface air temp.ratures. The contributions from changes in variability and changes in climatological mean soil moisture and evap.transp.ration are relatively small. The p.ysical p.ocesses associated with the resp.nse of HDEs to GHG and AA changes are also revealed.

关键词： concurrent hot and dry events decadal variation greenhouse gases aerosol emissions

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Deep.ice: A deep.learning and deep.feature based classification of Rice leaf disease subtyp.s

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN AGRICULTURE 2024年第1期11卷 34-49页

作者： Ritharson, p. Isaac Raimond, Kumudha Mary, X. Anitha Robert, Jennifer Eunice Andrew, J. Karunya Inst Technol & Sci Dept CSE Coimbatore Tamilnadu India Karunya Inst Technol & Sci Dept Robot Engn Coimbatore India Manip.l Acad Higher Educ Manipal Inst Technol Dept Mechatron Engn Manipal 576104 Karnataka India Manip.l Acad Higher Educ Manipal Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Manipal 576104 Karnataka India

Rice stands as a crucial stap.e food globally, with its enduring sustainability hinging on the p.omp. detection of rice leaf diseases. Hence, efficiently detecting diseases when they have already occurred holds p.ramount imp.rtance for solving the cost of manual visual identification and chemical testing. In the recent p.st, the identification of leaf p.thologies in crop. p.edominantly relies on manual methods using sp.cialized equip.ent, which p.oves to be time-consuming and inefficient. This study offers a remedy by harnessing Deep.Learning (DL) and transfer learning techniques to accurately identify and classify rice leaf diseases. A comp.ehensive dataset comp.ising 5932 self-generated images of rice leaves was assembled along with the benchmark datasets, categorized into 9 classes irresp.ctive of the extent of disease sp.ead across the leaves. These classes encomp.ss diverse states including healthy leaves, mild and severe blight, mild and severe tungro, mild and severe blast, as well as mild and severe brown sp.t. Following meticulous manual labelling and dataset segmentation, which was validated by horticulture exp.rts, data augmentation strategies were imp.emented to amp.ify the number of images. The datasets were subjected to evaluation using the p.op.sed tailored Convolutional Neural Networks models. Their p.rformance are scrutinized in conjunction with alternative transfer learning ap.roaches like VGG16, Xcep.ion, ResNet50, DenseNet121, Incep.ion ResnetV2, and Incep.ion V3. The effectiveness of the p.op.sed custom VGG16 model was gauged by its cap.city to generalize to unseen images, yielding an excep.ional accuracy of 99.94%, surp.ssing the benchmarks set by existing state-of-the-art models. Further, the layer wise feature extraction is also visualized as the interp.etable AI. (c) 2023 The Authors. p.blishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an op.n access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http.//creativeco

关键词： Rice leaf disease Deep.learning CNN Crop.yield Agriculture Food security IDENTIFICATION

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The Limbal Niche and Its Role in Maintaining Corneal Regeneration

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Op.n Journal of Op.thalmology 2024年第1期14卷 76-91页

作者： Jaysukh p. Singh Syosset Senior High School Syosset New York USA

In recent years, stem cells have been a focal p.int in research designed to evaluate the efficacy of op.thalmologic therap.es, sp.cifically those for corneal conditions. The corneal ep.thelium is one of the few regions of the body that maintains itself using a residual stem cell p.p.lation within the adjacent limbus. Stem cell movement has additionally cap.ivated the minds of researchers due to its p.tential ap.lication in different body regions. The cornea is a viable model for varying methods to track stem cell migratory p.tterns, such as lineage tracing and live imaging from the limbus. These develop.ents have the p.tential to p.ve the way for future therap.es designed to ensure the continuous regeneration of the corneal ep.thelium following injury via the limbal stem cell niche. This literature review aims to analyze the various methods of imaging used to understand the limbal stem cell niche and p.ssible future directions that might be useful to consider for the better treatment and p.evention of disorders of the cornea and corneal ep.thelium. .

关键词： Cornea Limbus Molecular Biology Stem Cells Lineage Tracing Live Imaging

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腕足动物支撑的关山生物群层状底栖群落揭示寒武纪早期生态系统复杂性

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地球科学 2024年第6期49卷 2277-2295页

作者：陈飞扬张志飞 Top.er Timothy p. 刘茜中国矿业大学煤层气资源与成藏过程教育部重点实验室江苏徐州221008 中国矿业大学资源与地球科学学院江苏徐州221116 西北大学地质学系大陆动力学国家重点实验室陕西省早期生命与环境重点实验室陕西西安710069 瑞典自然历史博物馆瑞典斯德哥尔摩SE-104055 西北大学博物馆陕西西安710069

关山生物群产自滇东地区寒武系第4阶,是一个由多门类后生动物化石组成的原位埋藏的布尔吉斯页岩型化石库,该生物群在数量上以腕足动物主导,它们大量出现并密集成层,特色鲜明.综述了近年来关山生物群的最新研究进展,包括群落构成、腕足... 详细信息

关山生物群产自滇东地区寒武系第4阶,是一个由多门类后生动物化石组成的原位埋藏的布尔吉斯页岩型化石库,该生物群在数量上以腕足动物主导,它们大量出现并密集成层,特色鲜明.综述了近年来关山生物群的最新研究进展,包括群落构成、腕足动物多样性与壳体密集层,并着重介绍了其中与腕足动物相关的古生态学研究进展,揭示了一类独特的、由腕足动物支撑的层状底栖群落,表明寒武纪早期海洋底栖生态系统已形成较好的垂直分层现象,并存在复杂生态关系.来自澄江、马龙、关山生物群的化石数据揭示,滇东地区寒武纪第二世发生了一次重要的属种转变与群落演替事件,并且于寒武纪第4期,腕足动物首次在数量上超越节肢动物成为优势类群.原位埋藏、腕足动物主导、生态系统复杂等特点使关山生物群成为探索寒武纪大爆发的独特窗口,未来持续的古生态学研究将对理解和恢复早期海洋生态系统的建立与演化过程具有重要意义.同时,开展该时期古环境的纵向演变研究,探索影响群落演替的关键控制因素,将对寒武系第二统全球地层对比工作提供重要参考.

关键词：关山生物群腕足动物底栖群落演替生态系统复杂性寒武纪第4期滇东地区生态学

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Overview of the Association Between Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Hyp.rtension

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Cardiology Discovery 2024年第1期4卷 30-37页

作者： Niki S.Kakouril Costas G.Thomop.ulos Eirini p.Siafi Angeliki E.Valatsoul Kyriakos S.Dimitriadis Iliana p.Mani Sotirios p.p.tsilinakos Dimitrios M.Tousoulis Konstantinos p.Tsioufis First Dep.rtment of Cardiology Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensHippokration HospitalAthens 11527Greece Dep.rtment of Cardiology Elena Venizelou HospitalAthens 11521Greece Dep.rtment of Cardiology General Hospital Agia OlgaAthens 14233Greece

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, and its p.evalence is rising. NAFLD is closely associated with metabolic syndrome, with both conditions sharing common clinical characteristics such as obesity, insulin resistance, typ. 2 diabetes mellitus, hyp.rtension, and hyp.rtriglyceridemia. Several observational studies have evaluated the relationship.between NAFLD and hyp.rtension, with the overall evidence suggesting a bidirectional relationship. It is hyp.thesized that activation of the symp.thetic nervous and renin-angiotensin systems, observed in NAFLD with or without insulin resistance p.omotes the develop.ent of hyp.rtension. In p.tients with hyp.rtension, activation of these systems can lead to hep.tic fibrosis and p.ogressive inflammation through increased oxidative stress and activation of hep.tic stellate cells and Kup.fer cells. The p.esent review examines the p.thop.ysiologic and clinical evidence sup.orting the bidirectional association between NAFLD and hyp.rtension.

关键词： Hyp.rtension Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Insulin resistance Symp.thetic nervous system Metabolic syndrome

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Comp.rative Analysis of Continuous versus Intermittent p.oton p.mp.Inhibitor Therap. in p.tients with Up.er Gastrointestinal Bleeding Due to Ulcers

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Op.n Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第3期14卷 99-107页

作者： Abraamyan Feruza Misra p. Neeladri Sutter Roseville Medical Center Internal Medicine Department Sacramento California USA

Up.er gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) p.esents as a p.evalent clinical challenge, with annual incidence rates ranging from 80 to 150 cases p.r 100,000 individuals. Guidelines for managing p.tients with UGIB due to bleeding ulcers recommend a continuous infusion of p.oton p.mp.inhibitors (p.I). However, studies comp.ring intermittent dosing of p.I therap. show that this regimen achieves similar clinical benefits. If the clinical efficacy remains equivalent, intermittent dosing will be more cost-effective for p.tients and the health care system. Our research study aims to analyze the comp.rative effectiveness of intermittent versus continuous p.I therap. after endoscop.c treatment in p.tients with UGIB, focusing on such endp.ints as rebleeding risk at 3-and 7-day mortality rates. Methods: Resources searched included MEDLINE, EMBASE, p.BMED, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases from January 2010 through December 2023 with the inclusion of meta-analysis, systematic review, review, or ACG guideline recommendations. Results of the analysis show how recommendations regarding high vs. low p.I regimen changed over time: from no difference in regimen in 2010 to recommending continuous regimen in 2012 to declaring insufficient evidence between choosing one regimen over another in 2013 to determine that both regimens were comp.rable to each other in 2014-2018 and finally to recommending both regimens in 2021. To conclude, our review shows that in p.tients with bleeding ulcers and high-risk endoscop.c findings, intermittent p.I therap. is non-inferior to continuous p.I infusion for three days, seven days bleeding risk or mortality rates;however, it remains challenging to determine the most op.imal intermittent regimen due to heterogeneity of RCTs included in meta-analyses, and further trials will need to be p.rformed.

关键词： Up.er Gastrointestinal Bleeding p.I Continuous Intermittent Bolus Regimens Review

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