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Anthropogenic Influence on Decadal Changes in Concurrent Hot and Dry Events over China around the Mid-1990s

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 233-246页

作者： Qin SU Buwen DONG Fangxing TIAN Nicholas p.kLINGAMAN Yunnan key Laboratory of Meteorological Disasters and Climate Resources in the Great Mekong Subregion Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China Department of Atmospheric Sciences Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China National Centre for Atmospheric Science Department of MeteorologyUniversity of ReadingReadingRG66BBUK Geofysisk Institut University of BergenBergen 5007Norway Citadel Investment Group Moor House120 London WallLondonRG66BBUK

The frequency and duration of observed concurrent hot and dry events(HDEs) over China during the growing season(April–September) exhibit significant decadal changes across the mid-1990s. These changes are characterized by increases in HDE frequency and duration over most of China, with relatively large increases over southeastern China(SEC), northern China(NC), and northeastern China(NEC). The frequency of HDEs averaged over China in the present day(pD,1994–2011) is double that in the early period(Ep, 1964–81);the duration of HDEs increases by 60%. Climate experiments with the Met Office Unified Model(MetUM-GOML2) are used to estimate the contributions of anthropogenic forcing to HDE decadal changes over China. Anthropogenic forcing changes can explain 60%–70% of the observed decadal changes,suggesting an important anthropogenic influence on HDE changes over China across the mid-1990s. Single-forcing experiments indicate that the increase in greenhouse gas(GHG) concentrations dominates the simulated decadal changes,increasing the frequency and duration of HDEs throughout China. The change in anthropogenic aerosol(AA) emissions significantly decreases the frequency and duration of HDEs over SEC and NC, but the magnitude of the decrease is much smaller than the increase induced by GHGs. The changes in HDEs in response to anthropogenic forcing are mainly due to the response of climatological mean surface air temperatures. The contributions from changes in variability and changes in climatological mean soil moisture and evapotranspiration are relatively small. The physical processes associated with the response of HDEs to GHG and AA changes are also revealed.

关键词： concurrent hot and dry events decadal variation greenhouse gases aerosol emissions

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performance and Emission Characteristics of a CRDI Diesel Engine Fuelled by SiO_(2) Nanoparticle-Waste Fat Biodiesel Blends

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China petroleum processing & petrochemical Technology 2024年第1期26卷 56-66页

作者： Babu Aurtherson p Dinesh Babu Munuswamy Ravikumar Jayabal Yuvarajan Devarajan Department of Mechanical Engineering Mahat Amma Institute of Engineering and TechnologyPudukkottaiTamil NaduIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering Rajalakshmi Institute of TechnologyChennaiTamil NaduIndia Department of Thermal Engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennaiTamil NaduIndia

This study investigates the use of waste fat biodiesel(WFB)from the leather industry as a substitute for diesel ***,it examines the diesel engine performance of WFB,a blend of WFB and diesel(B50),and different blends of WFB and silicon dioxide(SiO_(2))nanoparticles(B50SiO_(2)40,B50SiO_(2)80,and B50SiO_(2)120μg/g).The results indicate that the B50SiO_(2)120 blend increases brake thermal efficiency by 10.03%compared to pure biodiesel but falls 1.93%short of neat ***,the B50SiO_(2)120 mixture reduces smoke,hydrocarbon,and carbon monoxide emissions by 31.87%,34.14%,and 43.97%respectively,compared to ***,the B50SiO_(2)120 blend shows a 4.91%increase in nitrogen oxide emissions compared to diesel.

关键词： waste fat transesterification biodiesel silicon dioxide emission

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Anti-methanogenic potential of seaweeds and seaweed-derived compounds in ruminant feed:current perspectives,risks and future prospects

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 463-489页

作者： Ailbhe McGurrin Julie Maguire Brijesh k.Tiwari Marco Garcia-Vaquero Section of Food and Nutrition School of Agriculture and Food ScienceUniversity College DublinDublin 4BelfieldIreland TEAGASC Food Research CentreDublin 15AshtownIreland Bantry Marine Research Station Ltd BantryCo.CorkP75 AX07GearhiesIreland

With methane emissions from ruminant agriculture contributing 17%of total methane emissions worldwide,there is increasing urgency to develop strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in this *** of the proposed strategies is ruminant feed intervention studies focused on the inclusion of anti-methanogenic compounds which are those capable of interacting with the rumen microbiome,reducing the capacity of ruminal microorganisms to produce ***,seaweeds have been investigated for their ability to reduce methane in ruminants in vitro and in vivo,with the greatest methane abatement reported when using the red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis(attributed to the bromoform content of this species).From the literature analysis in this study,levels of up to 99%reduction in ruminant methane emissions have been reported from inclusion of this seaweed in animal feed,although further in vivo and microbiome studies are required to confirm these results as other reports showed no effect on methane emission resulting from the inclusion of seaweed to basal *** review explores the current state of research aiming to integrate seaweeds as anti-methanogenic feed additives,as well as examining the specific bioactive compounds within seaweeds that are likely to be related to these *** effects of the inclusion of seaweeds on the ruminal microbiome are also reviewed,as well as the future challenges when considering the largescale inclusion of seaweeds into ruminant diets as anti-methanogenic agents.

关键词： Asparagopsis Bromoform Methanogenesis phlorotannin Saponin Tannin

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A combined experimental and DEM investigation of grain interlocking in sheared granular assemblies

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particuology 2024年第7期90卷 436-451页

作者： Rui Lu Qiang Luo Tengfei Wang David p.Connolly Tao Xie School of Civil Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China key Laboratory of High-Speed Railway Engineering(Southwest Jiaotong University) Ministry of EducationChengdu 610031China School of Civil Engineering University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK Department of Civil Engineering McMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada

Compacted granular material,integral to geotechnical engineering,undergoes translation,rotation,and interlocking when subject to shear displacements or external *** present study focuses on the interlocking of heterogeneous granular materials,a complex behavior influenced by gradation,compaction,and varying particle geometry,and has consequently received limited attention in existing *** address this research gap,we conducted an analysis on the effect of grain interlocking on the shear resistance of granular assemblies,using a combination of laboratory testing and the discrete element method(DEM).Initially,large-scale direct shear tests were conducted on gravel−sand mixes with varying degrees of compaction and normal *** of the mixes also underwent subsequent shear reversal to explore the differences in grain interlocking between the two shearing processes on the shear *** analyzing the laboratory results,a mesoscopic scale investigation was performed by replicating the test using discrete element *** facilitate this,granular particle geometries were measured using 3D laser scanning based on the physical lab ***,based on these scans,discrete element R-block and ball models were utilized to construct both the coarse and fine particles within the *** vibro-compaction was employed to regulate the degree of *** results indicate that an increase in vertical pressure,coupled with a zero dilatancy angle,results in a rising stress ratio,indicative of grain *** interlocking exhibits a positive correlation with both the coarse content and the degree of compaction,and varies depending on the shear *** interlocking progresses,the shear band,induced by particle movement,expands and is associated with reduced particle rotation near the shear *** study further reveals a consistent positive correlation between interlocking and the principal orientation angle of strong normal c

关键词： Granular material Interlocking Shear resistance Direct shear Discrete element method Vibro-compaction

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Enhancing high-temperature oxidation resistance(at 1000 °C) of nickel superalloy obtained by laser powder bed fusion via reactive electric spark treatment

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2024年

作者： S.k.MUkANOV M.I.pETRZHIk A.E.kUDRYASHOV E.A.NAUMOVA F.A.BASkOV p.A.LOGINOV E.A.LEVASHOV National University of Science and Technology MISIS

The high-temperature oxidation resistance of the nickel superalloy grown by the Laser powder Bed Fusion (LpBF) has been significantly increased as a result of in-situ formation of a thermal barrier layer (α-Al2O3+ CaMoO4) during oxidative annealing of surface layers modified by electric spark treatment (EST). The reactive EST of the LpBF-built items based on nickel Ep741Np alloy was carried out with low-melting Al-12%Si， Al-6%Ca-0.6%Si and Al-7%Ca-1%Mn electrodes. It was found that at EST done by Al-7%Ca-1%Mn electrode an intermetallic (β-NiAl + γ’-Ni3Al) 15 microns thick layer reinforced by spherical oxide (CaMe)O nanoparticles was formed. Formation of that structure increases the wear resistance of LpBF nickel superalloy by 4.5 times. Further oxidative annealing at 1000 °C lead to a formation of continuous two-layered coating with an inner layer of α-Al2O3and an outer layer of CaMoO4， which together act as an effective barrier preventing the diffusion of oxygen into the volume of the superalloy.

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In-situ study of the microstructure evolution during tension of a Mg-Y-Zn-Al alloy processed by rapidly solidified ribbon consolidation technique

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 2024-2040页

作者： Jeno Gubicza kristián Máthis péter Nagy péter Jenei Zoltán Hegedus Andrea Farkas Jozef Vesely Shin-ichi Inoue Daria Drozdenko Yoshihito kawamura Department of Materials physics Faculty of ScienceEotvos Loránd UniversityPázmány P.sétány 1/ABudapest H-1117Hungary Department of physics of Materials Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles UniversityKe Karlovu 512116 Praha 2Czech Republic Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Notkestr.85Hamburg 22603Germany Magnesium Research Center Kumamoto University2-39-1 KurokamiChuo-kuKumamoto 860-8555Japan

Mg-Y-Zn-Al alloys processed by rapidly solidified ribbon consolidation(RSRC)technique exhibit an exceptional mechanical performance indicating promising application *** material has a bimodal microstructure consisting of fine recrystallized and coarse non-recrystallized grains with solute-rich stacking faults forming cluster arranged layers(CALs)and nanoplates(CANaps),or complete long period stacking ordered(LpSO)*** order to reveal the deformation mechanisms,in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction line profile analysis was employed for a detailed study of the dislocation arrangement created during tension in Mg-0.9%Zn-2.05%Y-0.15%Al(at%)*** uncovering the effect of the initial microstructure on the mechanical performance,additional samples were obtained by annealing of the as-consolidated specimen at 300 and 400℃ for 2 *** heat treatment at 300℃ had no significant effect on the initial microstructure,its evolution during tension and,thus,the overall deformation behavior under tensile *** the other hand,annealing at 400℃ resulted in a significant increase of the recrystallized grains fraction and a decrease of the dislocation density,leading to only minor degradation of the mechanical *** maximum dislocation density at the failure of the samples corresponding to the plastic strain of 10-25% was estimated to be about 16-20×10^(14)m^(-2).The diffraction profile analysis indicated that most dislocations formed during tension were of non-basal and pyramidal types,what was also in agreement with the Schmid factor values revealed independently from orientation *** was also shown that the dislocation-induced Taylor hardening was much lower below the plastic strain of 3% than above this value,which was explained by a model of the interaction between prismatic dislocations and CANaps/LpSO plates.

关键词： Mg-Zn-Y-Al alloy Long period stacking ordered(LpSO)phase Cluster arranged nanoplates(CANaps) Annealing Tension Dislocation density Hardening

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Effects of site preparation methods on soil physical properties and outplanting success of coniferous seedlings in boreal forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第2期35卷 70-80页

作者： Aleksey S.Ilintsev Elena N.Nakvasina Alexander p.Bogdanov Northern Research Institute of Forestry 13 Nikitova Str.Arkhangelsk 163062Russian Federation Department of Silviculture and Forest Management Northern(Arctic)Federal University Named After M.V.LomonosovSevernoy Dviny Emb.17Arkhangelsk 163002Russian Federation

This study assessed the effect of patch scarification and mounding on the physical properties of the root layer and the success of tree planting in various types of *** study was conducted on 12 forest sites in taiga forests of the European part of Russia.A total of 54 plots were set up to assess seedling survival;root collar diameter,height,and heigh increment were measured for 240 seedlings to assess *** the rooting layer,240 soil samples were taken to determine physical *** study showed that soil treatment methods had no effect on bulk density and total porosity in Cladina ***,reduced soil moisture was noted,particularly in mounds,resulting in increased *** Myrtillus sites,there were increased bulk density,reduced soil moisture,and total porosity in the *** treatment in polytrichum sites resulted in reduced soil moisture and increased aeration *** the Myrtillus and polytrichum sites,patch scarification had no effects on physical *** polytrichum sites,survival rates,heights,and heigh increments of bareroot Norway spruce seedlings in mounds were higher than in patches;however,the same did not apply to *** Cladina and Myrtillus sites,there was no difference in growth for bareroot and containerised seedlings with different soil *** conditions and soil types should be considered when applying different soil treatment methods to ensure high survival rates and successful seedling growth.

关键词： Boreal forests Mechanical site preparation patch scarification Mounding Soil properties Containerised seedlings Bareroot seedlings

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Endohepatology:Arrival at the frontier of interventional endosonography

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第18期30卷 2397-2401页

作者： Shane p Selvanderan Eric Lam Neal Shahidi Department of Medicine University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6Z 1Y6BCCanada

Endohepatology describes the emerging field where diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)are used for the diagnosis and management of liver disease and its *** this editorial we comment on the article by Gadour et *** spectrum of EUS-guided procedures includes liver parenchymal and lesional biopsy,abscess drainage,treatment of focal liver lesions,diagnosis of portal hypertension and management of gastric *** data suggest that the application of EUS to hepatology is technically feasible and safe,heralding the arrival at a new frontier for *** data,specifically randomised trials comparing EUS to interventional radiology techniques,and continued partnership between endoscopy and hepatology are required to see this field establish itself outside expert tertiary centres.

关键词： Cancer Cirrhosis Endoscopy Endoscopic ultrasound Liver disease

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In vitro bench testing using patient-specific 3D models for percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation with Venus p-valve

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第8期137卷 990-996页

作者： Yu Han Zehua Shao Zirui Sun Yan Han Hongdang Xu Shubo Song Xiangbin pan peter p.T.de Jaegere Taibing Fan Gejun Zhang Department of Structure Heart Disease Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan 451460China Children’s Heart Center Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan 451460China Department of Anesthesiology Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan 451460China Department of Structure Heart Disease Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100037China Department of Cardiology Erasmus MCRotterdam 3015 GDNetherlands

Background:Due to the wide variety of morphology,size,and dynamics,selecting an optimal valve size and location poses great difficulty in percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation(ppVI).This study aimed to report our experience with in vitro bench testing using patient-specific three-dimensional(3D)-printed models for planning ppVI with the Venus ***:patient-specific 3D soft models were generated using polyJet printing with a compliant synthetic material in 15 patients scheduled to undergo ppVI between July 2018 and July 2020 in Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou ***:3D model bench testing altered treatment strategy in all patients(100%).One patient was referred for surgery because testing revealed that even the largest Venus p-valve would not anchor *** the remaining 14 patients,valve size and/or implantation location was altered to avoid valve migration and/or compression coronary *** four patients,it was decided to change the point anchoring because of inverted cone-shaped right ventricular outflow tract(RVOT)(n=2)or risk of compression coronary artery(n=2).Concerning sizing,we found that an oversize of 2-5 mm *** of the valve was dictated by the flaring of the in-and outflow portion in the pulmonary *** was successful in all 14 patients(absence of valve migration,no coronary compression,and none-to-mild residual pulmonary regurgitation[pR]).The diameter of the Venus p-valve in the 3D simulation group was significantly smaller than that of the conventional planning group(36[2]vs.32[4],Z=-3.77,pp-valve to the degree recommended by the balloon-sizing technique,as 2-5 mm sufficed.

关键词： Heart valve prosthesis implantation percutaneous pulmonary valve intervention pulmonary regurgitation bench testing 3D printing Venus p-valve

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On the existence and stability of traversable wormhole solutions with novel shapefunctions in the framework of F(R,L_(m))gravity

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Communications in Theoretical physics 2024年第5期76卷 114-127页

作者： Sourav Chaudhary Jitendra kumar S k Maurya Sweeti kiroriwal Abdul Aziz Department of Mathematics Central University of HaryanaJant-PaliMahendergarhIndia Department of Mathematical and physical Sciences College of Arts and ScienceUniversity of NizwaP.O.Box 33Nizwa 616Oman

In this work,we have explored wormhole(WH)solutions in F(R,L_(m))gravity by assuming the Morris-Thorne WH metric and F(R,Lm)=R/2+(1+γR)L_(m),whereγis the free model *** determined the WH solutions by utilizing two newly developed shape functions(SF)that satisfy all basic conditions for a WH’s physical *** also observe that the null energy condition(NEC)behaves ***,for both models,we use the volume integral quantifier(VIQ)and Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff(TOV)equation to determine how much exotic matter is needed near the WH throat and the stability of the *** extensive detailed discussions of the matter components have been done via graphical *** obtained WH geometries meet the physically acceptable conditions for a stable wormhole.

关键词： energy conditions wormhole exotic matter F(R L_(m))gravity

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