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Anti-glaucoma potential of Heliotropium indicum Linn in experimentally-induced glaucoma

Eye and Vision 2015年第1期2卷 162-169页

作者： Samuel Kyei George Asumeng Koffuor Paul Ramkissoon osei owusu-afriyie Discipline of Optometry School of Health SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa Department of Optometry School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Cape-CoastCape-CoastGhana Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana Department of Pathology Komfo Anokye Teaching HospitalKumasiGhana

Background:Heliotropium indicum is used as a traditional remedy for hypertension in *** aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-glaucoma potential of an aqueous whole plant extract of *** to manage experimentally-induced ***:The percentage change in intraocular pressure(IOP),after inducing acute glaucoma(15 mLkg^(−1) of 5%dextrose,i.v.),in New Zealand White rabbits pretreated with Heliotropium indicum aqueous extract(HIE)(30–300 mgkg^(−1)),acetazolamide(5 mgkg^(−1)),and normal saline(10 mLkg^(−1))per os were *** were also monitored in chronic glaucoma in rabbits(induced by 1%prednisolone acetate drops,12 hourly for 21 days)after treatments with the same doses of HIE,acetazolamide,and normal saline for 2 *** anti-oxidant property of the extract was assessed by assaying for glutathione levels in the aqueous *** concentration in the vitreous humour was also determined using ELISA *** assessment of the ciliary bodies was ***:The extract significantly reduced intraocular pressure(p≤0.05–0.001)in acute and chronic glaucoma,preserved glutathione levels and glutamate concentration(p≤0.01–0.001).Histological assessment of the ciliary body showed a decrease in inflammatory infiltration in the extract and acetazolamide-treated group compared with the normal saline-treated ***:The aqueous whole plant extract of Heliotropium indicum has ocular hypotensive,anti-oxidant and possible neuro-protective effects,which therefore underscore its plausible utility as an anti-glaucoma drug with further investigation.

关键词： Glutathione assay Steroid-induced glaucoma Acetazolamide New Zealand white rabbit Anti-glaucoma drug Glutamate

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Optimized Recovery of DNA and Subsequent Short Tandem Repeat Profiling of Different Tissues Sampled from Embalmed Human Cadavers

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2023年第4期9卷 309-319页

作者： Kofi Adjapong Afrifah Alexander Badu-Boateng Samuel Antwi-Akomeah osei owusu-afriyie Mishael Yankey Biology/DNA Unit Forensic Science LaboratoryCID HeadquartersGhana Police ServiceSchool of MedicineUniversity of GhanaLegonGhana Department of Forensic Sciences Columbian College of Arts and SciencesThe George Washington UniversityWashingtonDCUSA Department of Pathology Ghana Police HospitalAccraSchool of MedicineUniversity of GhanaLegonGhana Department of Pathology School of Medicine and DentistryKwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology(KNUST)KumasiSchool of MedicineUniversity of GhanaLegonGhana Department of Community Health School of MedicineUniversity of GhanaLegonGhana

Introduction:Storage of specimens sampled from human remains for pathological testing,embalming for burial purposes,and for human identification often requires formalin fixation and/or paraffin *** knowledge in molecular biology techniques and forensic DNA analysis makes it possible to optimize the extraction of amplifiable DNA from formalin-fixed tissues by improving the pre-treatment,optimizing the digestion condition of proteinase K,simplifying the extraction protocol and purifying the extracted DNA with optimized volumes of ***:This research sought to extract amplifiable DNA from thirteen brain,bone marrow and cartilage samples from four formalin embalmed human *** and Methods:Brain,cartilage and bone marrow samples were taken from four different cadavers at autopsy at the Ghana Police Hospital mortuary in Accra,Ghana sixty-two days after *** optimized preparation and DNA extraction protocol was carried out on all the *** samples were also taken from a non-formalin treated fifth cadaver of known STR profile,and standard DNA extraction performed to serve as positive ***:Our optimized protocol yielded detectable quantities of DNA from the samples when quantified with the 7500 Real-Time PCR *** extracted DNA also yielded full STR profiles with varying peak heights for forensic identification *** measured degradation indexes of the DNA samples were greater than 1.0,with peak heights of generated STR profiles above the limits of detection of the 3500 genetic ***:Our current study demonstrated an optimized method of DNA extraction from tissues(brain,cartilage and bone marrow)sampled from formalin embalmed human *** optimized protocol reduced the concentration of formalin fixation residues in extracted DNA from formalin-fixed tissues,thereby improving the amplification efficiency for STR ***,bone marrow and cartilages can be a good source of DNA f

关键词： Formalin fixation DNA profiling STR analysis optimized protocol embalmed cadavers

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Orofacial Cysts at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana

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Surgical Science 2013年第1期4卷 65-67页

作者： Alexander Acheampong Oti Peter Donkor osei owusu-afriyie Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

Background: Information about orofacial cysts from African populations is scarce and there are only a few studies available regarding the prevalence of these lesions in the West African sub-region. The purpose of the present study is to determine the distribution and prevalence of all histologically diagnosed orofacial cysts in Kumasi, Ghana. Aim: To determine prevalence, sex, age and anatomic distribution of orofacial cyst seen at the oral and maxillofacial unit in Komfo Anokye Teaching hospital (KATH). Method: This is a retrospective study, which examined histologically diagnosed lesions including orofacial cysts. The study duration was from 1999 to 2010 September inclusive. Results: There were 37 odontogenic cysts constuting 6.5%, of all orofacial lesions. There were 18 non-odontogenic cysts i.e. 3.1% of all lesions diagnosed during the study period. The odontogenic cysts comprised 19 (51.4%) developmental cysts and 18 (48.6%) inflammatory cysts. Male-to-female ratio for the orofacial cysts was 1:1 and the mean age was 36.7 years. Conclusion: There is low prevalence of the odontogenic cysts, which is consistent with findings from other African studies. Although radicular cysts accounted for the majority of orofacial cysts in this study, the prevalence of radicular cysts is low compared to reports from developed countries.

关键词： Orofacial Cyst Radicular Odontogenic

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Salivary Gland Tumours at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana

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Surgical Science 2013年第2期4卷 135-139页

作者： Alexander Acheampong Oti Peter Donkor Solomon Obiri-Yeboah osei afriyie-owusu Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana

In African studies on salivary gland tumours, there are considerable epidemiological differences in different parts of the continent. There is no study of salivary gland tumours from the second largest hospital in Ghana, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. Aim: This study was to look at the prevalence and demographic distribution of salivary gland tumours at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH). Method: Histopathologically diagnosed salivary gland tumours of consecutive patients were evaluated. The study duration was from 1999 to 2010 October. Result: The total number of salivary gland tumours were 121. Male to female ratio was 1.75:1. Out of the total of 34 salivary malignancies seen, male to female ratio was 1.8:1. Malignant tumour was 28.1% while 71.9% were benign. Mean age for malignancy was 53.5 years (SD = 9.7) and that for benign was 35.5 years (SD = 8.2). Conclusion: The commonest benign tumour of the parotid was Pleomorphic adenoma (48.3%) which is consistent with most of the African and western reports. Warthin’s tumour prevalence was higher than most of the studies from Africa.

关键词： Salivary Gland Pleomorphic Benign

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A Six-Year Review of Head and Neck Cancers at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2014年第5期3卷 271-278页

作者： Rita Larsen-Reindorf osei owusu-afriyie Alexander Oti Acheampong Isaac Boakye Baffour Awuah Department of ENT Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana Department of Pathology Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Unit Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana Research & Development Unit Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana Directorate of Oncology Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana

Background: In Ghana, information on the prevalence and pattern of Head and Neck Cancers (HNCA) is scarce. There are few publications based on specific sub-sites of the head and neck, however, literature on the prevalence and pattern of HNCA in general is lacking. The present study aimed to describe the pattern of HNCA among patients seen at the multidisciplinary HNCA clinic of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. Methods: This is a retrospective review of all consecutive patient records seen at the multidisciplinary clinic from 2004 to 2009. Results: There were 149 males and 103 females giving a male to female ratio of 1.45:1. The age range was 2 - 95 years with a mean of 48.1 years. The commonest type of HNCA in this review is cancers of the oral cavity (29.4%), followed by accessory sinuses (13.9%) and larynx (13.5%). Nasopharyngeal cancer affected young people, with 34.5% of affected patients aged between 10 and 19 years. The commonest histopathological type was squamous cell carcinoma (49.6%). Majority (47.6%) of patients presented at stage IV. Conclusion: The commonest HNCA is oral cancer. Majority of patients with HNCA are presenting late calling for public health education to raise awareness and promote early detection.

关键词： Head and Neck Cancer Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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Endometriosis: An “Unexplored”, “Neglected” or “Forgotten” Condition in Africa?

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2019年第1期9卷 29-41页

作者： John J. K. Annan Roderick E. Larsen-Reindorf George A. A. Frimpong osei owusu-afriyie Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Radiology School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Pathology Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana

Endometriosis is a condition that is commonly encountered in gynaecological practice. Endometriosis has varied, non-specific clinical presentations and its diagnosis sometimes poses a challenge to the clinician. We have encountered various women with clinical presentation highly suggestive of endometriosis. Further diagnosis using imaging and biopsy confirmed endometriosis. This paper presents our experience of endometriosis in our care of African women and a review of the literature on endometriosis. We want to highlight the various clinical presentations of endometriosis, appraise the various methods for diagnosis, discuss the treatment modalities available and evaluate the impact of this condition on women. We want to emphasize the fact that African women also suffer from this condition, and impress upon clinicians, the necessity for closer look for the condition, stimulate discussion and research into endometriosis in Africa as it seems this condition is “neglected or forgotten” in Africa.

关键词： Endometriosis Endometrioma Laparoscopy Pelvic Pain

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The organic geochemistry of crude oil in the Saltpond Basin(Ghana):Organic source input,depositional environment,and thermal maturity

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第3期43卷 424-440页

作者： Kojo Amoako Ningning Zhong Nancy Pearl osei-Boakye Ebenezer Apesegah Research Group for Marine Geochemistry(ICBM-MPI Bridging Group) Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment(ICBM)School of Mathematics and ScienceCarl von Ossietzky UniversitäOldenburgAmmerläder HeerstraВ114-11826129 OldenburgGermany State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting College of GeosciencesChina University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Petroleum Corporation GNPCPMBPetroleum HouseTemaGhana

The Saltpond Basin,situated within the South Atlantic margin of Ghana,is a significant area for petro-leum exploration but has received relatively limited research *** studies have examined source rock com-position,but data on crude oil organic chemistry are lack-ing,hindering understanding of the basin’s petroleum system and *** address this gap,we analyzed biomarkers and stable carbon-isotope ratios in Saltpond Basin crude oil using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–isotope ratio mass spectrometry to eluci-date organic matter source,depositional environment,and thermal *** were compared with oils from the West African segment of the South Atlantic margin,namely the Tano Basin and the Niger Delta Basin,to iden-tify potential correlations and gain insights into regional *** and isotopic results unveiled a sig-nificant prevalence of organic matter derived from lower marine *** of organic matter deposition and preservation in Saltpond oil samples suggested a suboxic marine transitional environment,contradicting conventional understanding of terrestrial dominance in such ***,the potential for degradation processes to obscure differentiation between terrestrial and marine organic mat-ter origins underscores the complex nature of organic mat-ter dynamics in transitional marine *** of molecular thermal maturity indices suggested Saltpond oils were expelled from source rocks exhibiting thermal maturity at the early maturity *** analysis unveiled genetic disparities among crude oils sourced from the Saltpond Basin and those from the Tano and Niger Delta Basin,primarily due to variations in source input and depo-sitional environment *** oil exhibits lower terrestrial organic input than Tano Basin’s crude oils,which also have less terrestrial input than Niger Delta Basin crude ***,its paleodepositional envi

关键词： Biomarkers Carbon isotopes Crude oil Saltpond Basin Ghana

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Geochemical fingerprints and hydrocarbon potential of Paleocene mudrocks in the Tano Basin, Ghana: insights from biomarkers and stable carbon isotopes

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第2期43卷 255-279页

作者： Kojo Amoako Nancy Pearl osei-Boakye Ningning Zhong N’Guessan Francois De Sales Konan Gordon Foli Prince Opoku Appau Clifford Fenyi Ebenezer Apesegah Research Group for Marine Geochemistry(ICBM-MPI Bridging Group) Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment(ICBM)Carl von Ossietzky University OldenburgAmmerlander Heerstr.26129 OldenburgGermany State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting College of GeosciencesChina University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Department of Geological Engineering Faculty of Civil and Geo-EngineeringKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana Ghana National Gas Company 225 Osibisa CloseAirport WestAccraGhana Petroleum Corporation GNPCPMBPetroleum HouseTemaGhana

The Paleocene mudrocks in Ghana’s Tano Basin have received limited attention despite ongoing efforts to explore hydrocarbon resources.A thorough geochemical analysis is imperative to assess these mudrocks’petroleum generation potential and formulate effective exploration *** this study,a comprehensive geochemical analysis was carried out on ten Paleocene rock cuttings extracted from TP-1,a discovery well within the Tano *** analytical techniques,including total organic carbon(TOC)analysis,Rock–Eval pyrolysis,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,and isotope ratio-mass spectrometry,were employed to elucidate their hydrocar-bon potential and organic ***ﬁndings in this study were subsequently compared to existing geochemical data on Paleocene source rocks in the South Atlantic marginal *** results indicated that the Paleocene samples have TOC content ranging from 0.68 to 2.93 wt%.The prevalent kerogen types identiﬁed in these samples were Type Ⅱ and Type Ⅲ.Molecular and isotope data suggest that the organic matter found in the Paleocene mudrocks can be traced back to land plants and lower aquatic *** mudrocks were deposited in a transi-tional environment withﬂuctuating water salinity,charac-terized by sub-oxic redox *** indices,both bulk and molecular,indicated a spectrum of maturity levels within the Paleocene mudrocks,spanning from immature to marginally mature,with increasing maturity observed with greater *** comparison,the organic composition and depositional environments of Paleocene source rocks in the Tano Basin closely resemble those found in the Niger Delta Basin,Douala,and Kribi-Campo Basins,the Kwanza Formation in Angola,and certain Brazilian marginal ***,it is worth noting that Paleocene source rocks in some of the basins,such as the Niger Delta and Brazilian marginal basins,exhibit rela-tively higher thermal maturity levels compared to those observed in the current Paleocene samp

关键词： Paleocene source rocks Source input Depositional environment Thermal maturity Hydrocarbon potential Tano Basin West Africa

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Climatic and non-climatic factors driving the livelihood vulnerability of smallholder farmers in Ahafo Ano North District, Ghana

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Regional Sustainability 2024年第3期 26-41页

作者： Frank BAFFOUR-ATA Louisa BOAKYE Moses Tilatob GADO Ellen BOAKYE-YIADOM Sylvia Cecilia MENSAH Senyo Michael KWAKU KUMFO Kofi Prempeh osei owusu Emmanuel CARR Emmanuel DZIKUNU Patrick DAVIES Department of Environmental Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Department of Meteorology and Climate Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology

Smallholder farmers in Ahafo Ano North District, Ghana, face multiple climatic and non-climatic issues. This study assessed the factors contributing to the livelihood vulnerability of smallholder farmers in this district by household surveys with 200 respondents and focus group discussions(FGDs) with 10 respondents. The Mann–Kendall trend test was used to assess mean annual rainfall and temperature trends from 2002 to 2022. The relative importance index(RII) value was used to rank the climatic and non-climatic factors perceived by respondents. The socioeconomic characteristics affecting smallholder farmers' perceptions of climatic and non-climatic factors were evaluated by the binary logistic regression model. Results showed that mean annual rainfall decreased(P>0.05) but mean annual temperature significantly increased(P<0.05) from 2002 to 2022 in the district. The key climatic factors perceived by smallholder farmers were extreme heat or increasing temperature(RII=0.498), erratic rainfall(RII=0.485), and increased windstorms(RII=0.475). The critical non-climatic factors were high cost of farm inputs(RII=0.485), high cost of healthcare(RII=0.435), and poor condition of roads to farms(RII=0.415). Smallholder farmers' perceptions of climatic and non-climatic factors were significantly affected by their socioeconomic characteristics(P<0.05). This study concluded that these factors negatively impact the livelihoods and well-being of smallholder farmers and socioeconomic characteristics influence their perceptions of these factors. Therefore, to enhance the resilience of smallholder farmers to climate change, it is necessary to adopt a comprehensive and context-specific approach that accounts for climatic and non-climatic factors.

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Climatic and non-climatic factors driving the livelihood vulnerability of smallholder farmers in Ahafo Ano North District,Ghana

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Regional Sustainability 2024年第3期5卷 24-39页

作者： Frank BAFFOUR-ATA Louisa BOAKYE Moses Tilatob GADO Ellen BOAKYE-YIADOM Sylvia Cecilia MENSAH Senyo Michael KWAKU KUMFO Kofi Prempeh osei owusu Emmanuel CARR Emmanuel DZIKUNU Patrick DAVIES Department of Environmental Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiAK-039-5028Ghana Department of Meteorology and Climate Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiAK-039-5028Ghana

Smallholder farmers in Ahafo Ano North District,Ghana,face multiple climatic and non-climatic *** study assessed the factors contributing to the livelihood vulnerability of smallholder farmers in this district by household surveys with 200 respondents and focus group discussions(FGDs)with 10 *** Mann–Kendall trend test was used to assess mean annual rainfall and temperature trends from 2002 to *** relative importance index(RII)value was used to rank the climatic and non-climatic factors perceived by *** socioeconomic characteristics affecting smallholder farmers’perceptions of climatic and non-climatic factors were evaluated by the binary logistic regression *** showed that mean annual rainfall decreased(P>0.05)but mean annual temperature significantly increased(P<0.05)from 2002 to 2022 in the *** key climatic factors perceived by smallholder farmers were extreme heat or increasing temperature(RII=0.498),erratic rainfall(RII=0.485),and increased windstorms(RII=0.475).The critical non-climatic factors were high cost of farm inputs(RII=0.485),high cost of healthcare(RII=0.435),and poor condition of roads to farms(RII=0.415).Smallholder farmers’perceptions of climatic and non-climatic factors were significantly affected by their socioeconomic characteristics(P<0.05).This study concluded that these factors negatively impact the livelihoods and well-being of smallholder farmers and socioeconomic characteristics influence their perceptions of these ***,to enhance the resilience of smallholder farmers to climate change,it is necessary to adopt a comprehensive and context-specific approach that accounts for climatic and non-climatic factors.

关键词： Smallholder farmers Livelihood vulnerability Climate change Socioeconomic characteristics Food security Ghana

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